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Supplemental Material, Pittner_190723_Supplementary_Material_-_Heritability_Experienced_Maltreatment_edited for Estimating the Heritability of Experiencing Child Maltreatment in an Extended Family Design by Katharina Pittner, Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, Lenneke R. A. Alink, Renate S. M. Buisman, Lisa J. M. van den Berg, Laura H. C. G. C. Compier-de Block, Alexandra Voorthuis, Bernet M. Elzinga, Jolanda Lindenberg, Marieke S. Tollenaar, Mariëlle Linting, Vincent P. Diego and Marinus H. van IJzendoorn in Child Maltreatment

Supplemental material, Chiu_Supplemental_Material for Feeling Empathically Toward Other People and the Self: The Role of Perspective Shifting in Emotion Sharing and Self-Reassurance by Chui-De Chiu, Hau Ching Ng, Wing Ki Kwok and Marieke S. Tollenaar in Clinical Psychological Science

Supplemental material, Chiu_Supplemental_Materials for The Loss of the Self in Memory: Self-Referential Memory, Childhood Relational Trauma, and Dissociation by Chui-De Chiu, Marieke S. Tollenaar, Cheng-Ta Yang, Bernet M. Elzinga, Tian-Yang Zhang and Hoi Lam Ho in Clinical Psychological Science

In the current study a three-generational design was used to investigate intergenerational transmission of child maltreatment (ITCM) using multiple sources of information on child maltreatment: mothers, fathers and children. A total of 395 individuals from 63 families reported on maltreatment. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to combine data from mother, father and child about maltreatment that the child had experienced. This established components reflecting the convergent as well as the unique reports of father, mother and child on the occurrence of maltreatment. Next, we tested ITCM using the multi-informant approach and compared the results to those of two more common approaches: ITCM based on one reporter and ITCM based on different reporters from each generation. Results of our multi-informant approach showed that a component reflecting convergence between mother, father, and child reports explained most of the variance in experienced maltreatment. For abuse, intergenerational transmission was consistently found across approaches. In contrast, intergenerational transmission of neglect was only found using the perspective of a single reporter, indicating that transmission of neglect might be driven by reporter effects. In conclusion, the present results suggest that including multiple informants may be necessary to obtain more valid estimates of ITCM.