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In a distance learning environment, English teachers encounter the need to make substantial adaptations to their teaching methodology, considering all the variables that can intervene in such context. At Universidad Estatal a Distancia (Distance State University, UNED) in the English Teaching Major for First and Second Cycles, students who require extra practice and teaching guidance due to low linguistic performance can be part of a successful project called Academic Improvement Strategic Plan (PEMA in its Spanish acronym). In order to help PEMA participants enhance their oral production, researchers designed a methodological model called ESPIT. The article presents the theoretical framework that supports the design of the ESPIT model; which acronym stands for Engaging myself, Shaping my knowledge, Performing my skill, Intervening my production, Transforming my linguistic profile, its main features and structure, the description of the teaching experience, its results and finally the conclusions.

El siguiente trabajo presenta una generalización del teorema de Dirichlet, una nueva demostración del postulado de Ber- trand, y una nueva forma de visualizar una posible vía para demostrar la conjetura de Goldbach usando el teorema Dirichlet y el postulado de Bertrand, todo esto enmarcado en la revisión del artículo titulado ”Una bella relación entre la conjetura de Goldbach y el teorema Dirichlet”. Por último, se muestra como una ampliación de la conjetura de Goldbach implica de manera elemental el postulado de Bertrand.

Actualmente el capital intelectual de una empresa es determinado por la diferencia entre el valor de mercado y el valor contable, es decir que los intangibles de las organizaciones asumen mayor importancia en relación a los valores reales y sigue dedicando mucho tiempo a un recurso que cada vez tiene menos importancia y muy poco tiempo al verdadero valor en las organizaciones modernas. La importancia del conocimiento en la economía actual y el carácter intangible del capital intelectual constituye una de las dificultades no resueltas en el campo teórico y práctico para su medición y valoración, por esto el objetivo principal de esta investigación es identificar la manera de dar valor al capital intelectual para el sector empresarial familiar. Por lo que este trabajo está orientado al análisis docu­mental de los fundamentos y modelos de medición del capital intelectual como fundamento teórico de la investigación. Los modelos descritos en este trabajo consideran aspectos de suma importancia que los negocios deben conocer para enfrentar la era de la revolución del conocimiento.

Prefabricated dowels do not always provide intraradicular sealing in the root canal dentin, and the lack of sealing predisposes the dowel to adhesive failure and debonding. It is unclear if fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels provide better sealing.The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the intraradicular sealing and morphological fit of prefabricated dowels and fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels in root canal dentin. The thickness of the resin cement layer and push-out bond strength were determined to assess their effects on the sealing of the dowels.A total of 50 permanent maxillary central incisors were endodontically treated and divided into 2 subgroups (n=25). In one group, prefabricated dowels were cemented; in the second group, fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels were placed. The thickness of the resin cement layer was assessed in 3 different locations: coronal, middle, and apical of the root canal dentin with fluorescence confocal laser microscopy. The push-out bond strength was then determined, and intraradicular sealing observed by using scanning electron microscopy.Fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels showed a closer intraradicular fit and seal in the root canal dentin, and the morphology of the apical portion of the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels showed a sealing area with the gutta percha in the apical portion. The mean thickness of the resin cement layer was significantly reduced for the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels compared with the prefabricated dowels (P.05) in the cervical area (197.0 μm versus 311.0 μm) and in the apical portion of the root canal (57.3 μm versus 131.6 μm). The mean push-out strength was higher for the fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels (22.98 N/mmThe morphological fit of fiber-reinforced composite resin dowels provides better intraradicular sealing in the cervical and apical portions, reducing the resin cement thickness. The increased push-out strength can therefore be assumed to result from increased frictional retention compared with prefabricated dowels.

Objetivo: Conocer las barreras que los/as kinesiólogos/as argentinos presentan a la hora de emprender o mantener su desarrollo profesional continuo. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal mediante una encuesta anónima y virtual a través de Google Forms en el mes de julio de 2021. Resultado: 229 profesionales completaron el cuestionario. 157 (68,6%) ejercían en la provincia de Córdoba, 19 (8,3%) en Buenos Aires, 11 (4,8%) en Santa Fe y el resto en otras provincias. 106 (46,3%) llevaban trabajando entre 1 a 5 años en la profesión, 42 (18,3%) entre 5 y 9 años, 34 (14,8%) entre 10 y 15 años y 47 (20,5%) más de 15 años. 128 (55,9%) se desempeñaban en el área de traumatología y ortopedia, 77 (31,9%) en respiratorio. 178 (77,7%) pertenecía al sector privado, 17 (7,4%) al sector público y 34 (14,8%) a ambos sectores. Conclusión: Del total de encuestados, el 84,3% manifestó tener barreras para realizar su desarrollo profesional continuo; el 15,7% declaró no tener inconvenientes. La principal barrera fue la economía personal, seguida de la percepción de costo beneficio y la falta de tiempo.

We study the magnetic activity in the ultrafast rotator dMe HK Aqr using tomography techniques with high-resolution spectroscopy. We aim to characterize how this magnetic activity appears in a regime of very fast rotation without external forces, given that HK Aqr is, very likely, a single star. We find dark spots located at low latitudes. We also detect prominences below the co-rotation radius and at low latitudes, coinciding with the spot latitudes. This apparent low-latitude activity contrasts with what is typically observed in fast rotators, which tend to form large polar spots. Moreover, we detect a stellar flare that produces an enhancement of the continuum and additional emission in the core of most photospheric and chromospheric lines. We find evidence that the flare is ignited above an active region, as seen in solar flares. This means that, with high probability, the flare is initiated by magnetic reconnection in complex active regions. We also present evidence of bulk redshifted velocities of about 15 km s−1 during the rise of the flare, and velocities of 5–10 km s−1 during the decay phase. An estimation of the heating during the flare results in about 200 kK close to the peak and in 100 kK at the end of the observations.

Resumen En este artículo se pretende determinar las percepciones del personal docente de inglés de distintas Direccionales Regionales del Ministerio de Educación Pública (MEP) y representantes de la Comisión Interuniversitaria del Consejo Nacional de Rectores (CONARE) acerca de la gestión educativa definida para desarrollar las capacitaciones lingüísticas MEP-CONARE entre los años 2015-2018. El método de indagación se basa en los principios del enfoque mixto, con la aplicación de cuestionarios al personal docente de inglés participante y entrevistas a las personas representantes de la Comisión Interuniversitaria del CONARE. Los datos recopilados fueron verificados con el desarrollo de un análisis del documento legal del convenio firmado por la ministra de Educación y el presidente del CONARE. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se identificó una debilidad en la divulgación de las metas y propósitos del convenio; empero, se aseguró la consecución de los objetivos propuestos mediante la constante evaluación de las actividades. Se concluye que, para asegurar el éxito de un convenio de esta índole, es necesario ofrecer un espacio de diálogo para explicar los objetivos lingüísticos de la capacitación y las metas del convenio a nivel país, con la aplicación de una comunicación organizacional estratégica que permita asegurar un compromiso real por parte del personal docente. Abstract This article intends to determine the perceptions of the English teaching staff from different Regional Directions of MEP and representatives from the CONARE’s Interuniversities Comission about the educational management defined to develop the MEP-CONARE linguistic training between 2015-2018. The investigation method of this article is based on the mixed approach principles, applying questionnaires to the English teaching staff who participated in the training and interviews to representatives of the CONARE’s Interuniversities Comission. The compiled data was verified developing an analysis of the legal document of the agreement signed by the Minister of Education and the President of CONARE. Among the main findings of this research, a weakness regarding the communication of the goals and purposes of the agreement was identified, but the accomplishment of the proposed objectives was ensured through a periodical evaluation of the activities. It is concluded that to guarantee the success of an agreement of this nature, it is necessary to offer a space for dialogue to explain the linguistic objectives of the training and the goals of the agreement at the country level, applying a strategic organizational communication that enables and ensures a real commitment from the teaching staff. Résumé Cet article vise à déterminer les perceptions des enseignants d’anglais de diverses zones scolaires du Ministère de l’Éducation Publique (MEP) et des représentants de la Commission Interuniversitaire du Conseil National des Recteurs (CONARE en espagnol) sur la gestion éducative définie pour développer les habiletés linguistiques MEP-CONARE pendant la période 2015-2018. La méthode de recherche a été basée sur les principes de l’approche mixte, moyennant des questionnaires aux enseignants d’anglais qui ont participé dans l’étude ainsi qu’à travers d’interviews aux personnes qui représentent la Commission Interuniversitaire du CONARE. Les données recueillies ont été vérifiées par le biais d’une analyse du document légal du contrat signé entre la ministre de l’Éducation et le président du CONARE. Parmi les principales découvertes on a identifié une faiblesse dans la diffusion des buts et des fins du contrat ; cependant, on a assuré l’atteinte des objectifs par la mise en place de l’évaluation continue des activités. Pour finir, on a conclu que pour assurer le succès il est nécessaire d’offrir un espace de discussion pour expliquer les buts linguistiques de la formation et les fins du contrat au niveau national au moyen de la communication organisationnelle stratégique pour assurer un engagement réel de la part des enseignants.

Bramardi, Martina A., Moccia, Tobías, Kun, Marcelo E. (2023): Phidon abismus sp. nov. from Patagonian forests of Argentina (Blattaria: Pseudophyllodromiidae). Zootaxa 5297 (4): 579-586, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.7, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.7

Key of species of Phidon Rehn, 1933 (males) The key of Rehn 1933 is here updated for males. P. dubius males are unknown (Princis 1952). Thus, this species is not included in this key. 1. Brachypterous................................................................... Phidon chanco Vera, 2019 - Wings well-developed................................................................................. 2 2. Tegmina with Sc vein fused at base with radial.............................................................. 3 - Tegmina with Sc vein not fused at base with radial........................................................... 4 3. Tegmina surpassing apex of abdomen by less than pronotal length; 7 unforked radials; pronotal disk with pigmentation disposed in two lateral bands and spots; total body length less than 10 mm......................... Phidon bullocki Rehn, 1933 - Tegmina surpassing apex of abdomen by more than pronotal length; 8–9 unforked radials; pronotal disk with central drawing as an inverted trident shape crowned by three spots, the central elongated, total body length between 15.5–20 mm......................................................................................... Phidon abismus sp. nov. 4. Pronotum symmetrically trapezoidal in outline; disk of same with pattern of dark punctulae, not broadly maculate laterad. Tegmina with discoidal sectors less definitely phylliform in character or branching; all terminal veins or rami with numerous raised and infuscate points...................................................... Phidon araucanus Rehn, 1933 - Pronotum transverse elliptical in outline; disk of same with dark punctulae and laterad also broadly maculate. Tegmina with discoidal sectors distinctly phylliform in character and bifurcation; tegminal veins and rami without raised infuscate points......................................................................... Phidon reticularis Blanchard, 1851, Published as part of Bramardi, Martina A., Moccia, Tobías & Kun, Marcelo E., 2023, Phidon abismus sp. nov. from Patagonian forests of Argentina (Blattaria: Pseudophyllodromiidae), pp. 579-586 in Zootaxa 5297 (4) on page 584, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5297.4.7, http://zenodo.org/record/8009233, {"references":["Rehn, J. A. G. (1933) On the Dermaptera and Orthoptera of Chile. Part One. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, Philadelphia, 59 (3), 159 - 190.","Princis, K. (1952) Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 1949. 8. Blattariae. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, 48 (9), 1 - 11.","Vera, S. A. (2019) Phidon chanco sp. nov. of cockroach from the coastal forest of central Chile (Insecta: Blattaria). Zootaxa, 4712 (1), 114 - 126. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4712.1.8","Blanchard, E. (1851) s. n. In: Gay, C., Historia fisica y politica de Chile segun documentos adquiridos en esta Republica durante doce anos de residencia en ella y publicada bajo los auspicios del Supremo Gobierno. Zoologia, 6, 1 - 572."]}

SummaryWilliams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder that, together with a rather characteristic neurocognitive profile, presents a strong cardiovascular phenotype. The cardiovascular features of WBS are mainly related to a gene dosage effect due to hemizygosity of the elastin (ELN) gene; however, the phenotypic variability between WBS patients indicates the presence of important modulators of the clinical impact of elastin deficiency. Recently, two genes within the WBS region have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Numerous cardiovascular diseases are related to mitochondrial dysfunction; therefore, it could be a modulator of the phenotype present in WBS. Here, we analyze mitochondrial function and dynamics in cardiac tissue from a WBS complete deletion (CD) model. Our research reveals that cardiac fiber mitochondria from CD animals have altered mitochondrial dynamics, accompanied by respiratory chain dysfunction with decreased ATP production, reproducing alterations observed in fibroblasts from WBS patients. Our results highlight two major factors; on the one hand, that mitochondrial dysfunction is probably a relevant mechanism underlying several risk factors associated with WBS disease; on the other, the CD murine model mimics the mitochondrial phenotype of WBS and could be a great model for carrying out preclinical tests on drugs targeting the mitochondria.

The use of PPE has drastically increased because of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic as disposable surgical face masks made from non-biodegradable polypropylene (PP) polymers have generated a significant amount of waste. In this work, a low-power plasma method has been used to degrade surgical masks. Several analytical techniques (gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-infra-red spectroscopy (ATR-IR), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) and wide-angle x-ray scattering (WAXS)) were used to evaluate the effects of plasma irradiation on mask samples. After 4 h of irradiation, an overall mass loss of 63 ± 8%, through oxidation followed by fragmentation, was observed on the non-woven 3-ply surgical mask, which is 20 times faster than degrading a bulk PP sample. Individual components of the mask also showed different degradation rates. Air plasma clearly represents an energy-efficient tool for treating contaminated PPE in an environmentally friendly approach.

Background: No dairy breed or crossbreed has superior overall performance in all environments; therefore, it is necessary to determine which crossbreed is the most suitable for the Mexican tropic and what proportion of European breed is optimum for reproduction. Objective: To assess the effect of the proportion of Bos taurus (Bt) genes on reproductive performance of Holstein×Zebu (HZ) and Brown Swiss×Zebu (BZ) cows, and compare reproductive performance of these genotypes in a dual-purpose production system. Methods: Cows were maintained in a rotational grazing system on African star grass (Cynodon plectostachyus) in Veracruz, Mexico. Cows were milked twice daily. Calves were kept tied to the side of their dams while the cows were milked. Results: The percentage of Bt genes did not affect (p>0.05) fertility traits (age at first calving, days to first service after calving, services per conception, conception rate at first service, days open until conception, gestation length, and calving interval) of BZ cows. In contrast, HZ cows with less than 75% Holstein (H) genes were 0.3 years younger (p

El pinole es un alimento de origen prehispánico que se obtiene principalmente a partir del tostado de los granos enteros de maíz y su posterior molienda. Este polvo de maíz tostado puede ser adicionado con diferentes ingredientes que le confieren distintas características de sabor y aroma, así como propiedades nutricionales, fisicoquímicas, entre otras. El pinole, el cual se consume comúnmente como bebida ya sea en frío o caliente como atole, formó parte importante del desarrollo de diferentes culturas mesoamericana. Hoy en día es conocido como un alimento tradicional mexicano que se ha adaptado a las diferentes necesidades y costumbres de diferentes regiones de México. El consumo de este producto ha ido disminuyendo por su relación con la temporalidad y alto contenido energético, sin embargo, es importante resaltar que estos productos presentan contenidos importantes de fibra dietética y diferentes compuestos bioactivos. Sin considerar, que la adición de nuevos ingredientes altos en proteínas o antioxidantes en la reformulación de este producto, generan alternativas novedosas y atractivas de consumo para la población. El presente reporte tiene como objetivo brindar información del pinole, desde sus orígenes, manera de preparación e ingredientes, características y sus diferentes propiedades, y los efectos del procesamiento para su obtención (tostado del maíz), que son importantes para conocer más sobre este alimento tradicional mexicano.

ZSA + carbohydrate complex preferential formation and higher stability (ESI) support the previously proposed model for ZSA differential efficiency as the MALDI-MS matrix.

El autobús interurbano es un servicio con gran implantación en España, esencial para la cohesión social y territorial del país. El estudio de la Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC) sobre el transporte interurbano de viajeros en autobús, publicado en 2022, analiza la situación actual del sector, y recomienda la adopción de reformas que mejoren la competencia y el bienestar de los usuarios del servicio. Las limitaciones que presenta el sistema concesional y su impacto negativo sobre la eficiencia del servicio, junto con los beneficios que la liberalización ha traído para los usuarios en otros países europeos, han llevado a la CNMC a recomendar la liberalización de trayectos de más de 100 kilómetros en España. El estudio se ha publicado durante la tramitación del Proyecto de Ley de Movilidad Sostenible, que contempla por primera vez la liberalización de trayectos determinados por el Consejo de Ministros.

La inoculación con rizobios y hongos micorrízicos arbusculares (HMA), de manera simple o combinada, puede contribuir con el crecimiento y establecimiento de Prosopis laevigata por una interacción positiva de los simbiontes con la planta. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de la inoculación simple y combinada de tres aislados locales de rizobios (R1, R2 y R3) y dos cepas de HMA (HMA1 y HMA2) en la colonización micorrízica, la nodulación, el crecimiento y producción de biomasa de P. laevigata en sustrato con pH cercano a la neutralidad. El experimento se desarrolló en invernadero, en la Facultad de Agronomía y Veterinaria de la UASLP en 2020-2021. Se evaluaron 13 tratamientos en un diseño completamente aleatorizado con cinco repeticiones. Se estudiaron las variables número de esporas g-1 de sustrato, colonización y densidad visual micorrízica, nódulos totales, nódulos efectivos, número de foliolos, altura, diámetro de tallo y rendimiento de biomasa. La inoculación promovió mayor colonización, nodulación y crecimiento vegetal con respecto al testigo sin inocular. Con HMA1, HMA2, R1, R3, R1+HMA1, R3+HMA1, R1+HMA2 y R3+HMA2, se obtuvieron resultados superiores que el resto de los tratamientos. Se concluye que la inoculación con aislados locales de rizobios y su combinación con HMA favorece el desarrollo de estructuras micorrízicas, la nodulación, el crecimiento y la producción de biomasa de P. laevigata crecido en sustrato con pH neutro. Se registró a los aislados R1, R3, las cepas HMA1, HMA2 y las combinaciones R1+HMA1, R1+HMA2, R3+HMA1 y R3+HMA2 como inoculantes efectivos para aumentar el crecimiento de P. laevigata.

Por ser la educación el objeto de estudio de la Administración Educativa, constituye una prioridad continua de la administración repensarla. Esa tarea, actualmente, comprende demarcar su rol en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento, el abordaje más propicio para el desarrollo de las habilidades que esta demanda. En Costa Rica, este hecho, inexorablemente implica volver la mirada hacia las personas que le dieron un rostro social y cultural a la educación. Entre ellas, María Isabel Carvajal Castro (más conocida como Carmen Lyra), quien proponía la intrínseca relación entre la enseñanza y la construcción de la persona crítica. En el contexto del bicentenario, el siguiente ensayo tiene como objetivo central puntualizar, de manera crítica y reflexiva, prácticas que el sistema educativo costarricense requiere superar para responder a una educación de calidad. El Séptimo Informe del Estado de la Educación revela que, si bien la intención del Estado apunta a la mejora, no se están alcanzando indicadores satisfactorios. Con el fin de responder a esa transformación educativa, el artículo intenta sustentar su argumento central con los aportes de neurociencias que, aunque de modo tenue aún, permean el ámbito de la educación costarricense. Un amplio abanico que la dota de múltiples posibilidades de optimizar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje para así alejarse de las ya devaluadas prácticas del sistema tradicional y acceder más y mejor a niños y jóvenes.

Background. The association between ambient temperatures and health outcomes was extensively studied in the past decades, especially in the light of exacerbating climate change. Yet long-term studies focusing on the analysis of the changes of mortality answers to extreme heat are rare, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Minimum Mortality, or so-called Optimum temperatures are increasingly used to assess the levels of adaptation to changing temperatures. The warming of the air temperatures in Spain affected the entire national territory since the turn of the XX century. However, the number of studies exploring the evolution of adaptation to heat and relying on multidecadal time-series data in Spain at any administrative level is very limited. To our knowledge, the present research is the first one to leverage daily mortality and temperature data in the city of Madrid since the end of the XIX century until today. Methods. We examined the patterns of adaptation to extreme heat in the city of Madrid in the period from 1890 until 2020 using daily data on air temperature received from the meteorological stations and all-cause mortality from yearly books and civil registers. Using a distributed-lag nonlinear modelling approach we explored the complex heat-mortality relations and estimated the changes in the adaptation metrics by decade. Expected results. Based on the previous research by the authors performed at different spatial levels in Spain for shorter time periods, we expect to see an overall increase in the optimum temperatures over time, along with an increment of the air temperatures, especially in the last decades. We also expect to see a general reduction in the heat-attributable mortality fractions, which would indicate a progressive adaptation to overall warming of air temperatures and intensification of weather extremes. On the other hand, the dose-response relationship is expected to differ between sex- and age-groups, being supposedly the highest for older woman in the beginning of the study period. We expect a spatially different response of mortality to intense heat within the city due to different housing environment and development of urban infrastructures in each area of the city.

Although adaptation to continuously rising ambient temperatures is an emerging topic and has been widely studied at a global scale, detailed analysis of the joint indicators for long-term adaptation in Spain are scarce. This study aims to explore temporal variations of the minimum mortality temperature and mortality burden from heat and cold between 1979 and 2018., Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. Dariya Ordanovich was supported by LONGPOP H2020 ITN Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant (agreement Nº 676060) and ERC Advanced ECHO H2020 grant (agreement Nº 788582). Aurelio Tobías was supported by Grant CEX2018–000794-S funded by MCIN/AEI/https://doi.org/10.13039/501100011033. Diego Ramiro was supported by PTI Salud Global CSIC WP3 Modelling (BDC SGL2103000) and Proyectos I + D + i Retos Investigación (RTI2018-097812-B-I00).

Trabajo presentado en la Reunión Conjunta: LXVII Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Investigación Clínica (SAIC); LXX Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Argentina de Inmunología (SAI) & 3er Congreso Franco-Argentino de Inmunología (FAIC); Reunión Anual 2022 de la Sociedad argentina de Fisiología (SAFIS), celebrada en Buenos Aires (Argentina), del 16 al 19 de noviembre de 2022, Introduction. Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a dietary pattern model to prevent or delay brain dysfunction by gut manipulation. Alterations of colonic environment including microbial population and derived metabolites have been associated with neurological alterations explained by gut-brain connection. Differences in metabolic profile between healthy and Alzheimer disease (AD) patients may offer the possibility to identify potential target to treat or delay the onset of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify possible metabolic alterations in the colon environment of AD patients compared with matched controls in the context of a MD. Material and methods. Healthy subjects (n=19) and AD patients (n=25) of both sexes, between 55-75 y from La Rioja, Spain, participated in this observational study. Data concerning dietary habits were obtained during personal interview and processed to calculate MD adherence score and nutrients intake. Plasmatic and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were determined by GC-MS/MS and fecal biomarkers of intestinal inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α, calprotectin) were quantified by ELISA. Results. Dietary data and intestinal metabolites are reported in control and AD volunteers. Despite similar MD score, the consumption of animal proteins (p=0.048), fruits (p=0.006) and phenol flavones (p=0.013) were different between groups. Feces of controls were enriched in caproic acid (p=0.008) whereas propionic acid (p=0.017) was more abundant in fecal samples of AD patients. In plasma, isovaleric acid was higher in the control group (p=0.041). Regarding the biomarkers of intestinal inflammation, we observed that IL-1β was increased in feces of control volunteers (p=0.008). Correlations among SCFA, IL-1β and dietary parameters were also evaluated. Conclusions. These initial data suggest difference in microbial metabolism among healthy and AD patients which could be considered as possible participants in the gut-brain axis communication.

Actualmente el mundo enfrenta una crisis sanitaria a raíz de una enfermedad respiratoria con tendencia creciente, que exige al mundo global disponer dispositivos funcionales, operativos, logísticos y humanos al servicio de la humanidad. A nivel global, la Orga-nización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) y la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), disponen medidas, para ampliar los conocimientos científicos sobre este nuevo virus, manifestado como pandemia el 30 de enero de 2020, no obstante, declaran que: “describir la situación como una pandemia no cambia la evaluación de la OMS” Adhanom (2020), es decir los países deben reinventarse y activar esfuerzos que den respuesta a esta crisis.

Resumen del trabajo presentado en la 19th Conference on Trans Pyrenean Investigations in Obesity and Diabetes (CTPIOD), celebrada en Aragón (España), los días 17 y 18 de octubre de 2022, Functional decline (dementia) during aging results in the deterioration of physical and cognitive capacities. The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease that accounts for 60% of all patients with dementia. Unfortunately, there are no effective or preventive treatments for this disease [1]. Addressing modifiable risk factors is considered to be the most promising strategy to prevent or delay Alzheimer's disease. In this regard, diet is a modifiable environmental factor that has been associated with many non-communicable diseases with connections to dementia [2]. A large body of scientific evidence, mostly observational studies, suggests a direct role for dietetic habits nutrition on clinical measures of cognitive status in older adults. Due to the complex biological interactions between different components of the diet, it has been proposed that the use of a whole-diet approach, through the study of dietary patterns rather than individual nutrients or food groups, might help to understand the role of diet in Alzheimer¿s disease and related dementia [3]. Thus, the aim of the study was to establish the connections between dietetic habits, body mass and waist index in the protection against Alzheimer's disease in an environment of other multiple lifestyle factors. To achieve this goal, a retrospective observational study of cases and controls has been carried out. For this, 95 volunteers have been studied: 46 were included in the Alzheimer group (mean age 70.4) and 49 in the control group (mean age 65.0). For the diet and nutritional evaluation, the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and the Three-Day Record (3-DR) were used. FFQ includes 115 foods structured in 9 groups [4] and, based on these data, the level of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet was also calculated. In addition, the 3-DR is a prospective method in an open format which collects information on the foods and beverages consumed in a previously specified period of time [5]. From this, the analysis of the average daily intake of energy, macro- and micronutrients was carried out using the PCN Pro food composition database [6]. The results showed that the controls have a statistically higher body mass index (BMI) than the Alzheimer cases (27.6 vs 25.7 p=0.0137). No statistically significant differences were observed with respect to the waist index. In the analysis of the dietary pattern, the levels of adherence to the Mediterranean Diet suggests a slightly higher adherence in the control group (score 9.24/14) compared to the Alzheimer¿s disease group (score 8.83/14), although this difference was not statistically significant. The analysis of macro and micronutrients showed that the control participants daily ingested higher amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (p=0.032), iron (p=0.040), folic acid (p=0.009), vitamin C (p=0.030) and vegetal proteins (p=0.021). In contrast, patients with Alzheimer's disease daily ingested statistically higher amounts of phosphorus (p=0.025) and animal proteins (p=0.025). The dietary data contrast with the BMI and waist index observed in the two groups. More studies are needed to understand such lack of associations among dietary intake and BMI in our cohort., This study was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/5011000 11033) (Spanish Goverment) throught the project PID2019-108851RB-C22 and the Margarita Salas postdoctoral grant (funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU).

OBJETIVO: analizar la transformación educativa a través de la educación inclusiva y la integración tecnológica. MÉTODO: se utilizó el método hermenéutico a través de un proceso dialéctico de las partes consultadas en la revisión sistemática de literatura para conocer e interpretar evidencias relacionadas a las preguntas generadoras de los autores. RESULTADOS: la relevancia del rol docente y el uso de metodologías activas para afianzar una educación centrada en el estudiante. El aumento de motivación, participación activa y compromiso del estudiante por un proceso de aprendizaje enriquecido y mediado por tecnología. El desarrollo de competencias digitales de docentes y estudiantes como reto de la educación del Siglo XXI. La necesidad de asegurar una educación inclusiva que valore la diversidad y posibilite la equidad e igualdad de oportunidades para las poblaciones más vulnerables. CONCLUSIÓN:la calidad educativa se fortalece al diseñar políticas educativas inclusivas que permitan la transformación tecnológica de las instituciones educativas y se favorezca un mayor desarrollo de las competencias digitales de docentes y estudiantes. En la actualidad, la educación requiere de espacios de aprendizaje que potencien la comunicación, interacción, pensamiento crítico, trabajo colaborativo, entre otros, y los espacios virtuales de aprendizaje facilitan la flexibilización del currículo.

Background. The association between ambient temperatures and health outcomes was extensively studied in the past decades, especially in the light of exacerbating climate change. Yet long-term studies focusing on the analysis of the changes of mortality answers to extreme heat are rare, particularly in the Mediterranean region. Minimum Mortality, or so-called Optimum temperatures are increasingly used to assess the levels of adaptation to changing temperatures. The warming of the air temperatures in Spain affected the entire national territory since the turn of the XX century. However, the number of studies exploring the evolution of adaptation to heat and relying on multidecadal time-series data in Spain at any administrative level is very limited. To our knowledge, the present research is the first one to leverage daily mortality and temperature data in the city of Madrid since the end of the XIX century until today. Methods. We examined the patterns of adaptation to extreme heat in the city of Madrid in the period from 1890 until 2020 using daily data on air temperature received from the meteorological stations and all-cause mortality from yearly books and civil registers. Using a distributed-lag nonlinear modelling approach we explored the complex heat-mortality relations and estimated the changes in the adaptation metrics by decade. Expected results. Based on the previous research by the authors performed at different spatial levels in Spain for shorter time periods, we expect to see an overall increase in the optimum temperatures over time, along with an increment of the air temperatures, especially in the last decades. We also expect to see a general reduction in the heat-attributable mortality fractions, which would indicate a progressive adaptation to overall warming of air temperatures and intensification of weather extremes. On the other hand, the dose-response relationship is expected to differ between sex- and age-groups, being supposedly the highest for older woman in the beginning of the study period. We expect a spatially different response of mortality to intense heat within the city due to different housing environment and development of urban infrastructures in each area of the city.

In this research work, the coaxial electrospinning technique was used for the development of composite membranes based on poly(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene)/polyacrylonitrile (ABS/PAN) micrometer fibers loaded with ZnO nanoparticles (NpZnO) in order to evaluate their efficiency in the photoreduction of Cr VI ions in aqueous solutions. The morphological analysis of the fibers was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical composition of the materials was determined by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) with attenuated total reflectance (ATR), the crystallinity of the nanoparticles in the fibrous materials was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the residual Cr VI concentration was measured with the Nesslerizations method. It was demonstrated that by means of the electrospinning technique it is possible to manufacture coaxial fibers based on ABS/PAN with homogeneous morphology with mean diameters of 1.1 µm. Furthermore, through this technique it was possible to obtain ABS/PAN-NpZnO composite coaxial fibers with concentrations of 15, 25 and 30 wt.% of NpZnO, thus favoring the increase in the dose of the photocatalyst. The maximum efficiency of said membrane was obtained with 30 % wt.% of NpZnO with respect to the total solid, allowing the reduction of Cr VI to 81.59 % after 8 h with a substrate concentration of 50 mg/l. Therefore, ABS/PAN-NpZnO fibers are promising candidates for applications related to environmental remediation, such as water regeneration filters, thus partially contributing to the development of sustainable technologies.

“Estanflación” es el fenómeno de estancamiento económico con inflación y desempleo. En general, los economistas entienden por “estanflación” como el proceso de inflación y desempleo con disminución de la tasa de crecimiento real de la economía. Esto se conoce como desaceleración económica o decrecimiento económico. Este fenómeno puede llegar a convertirse en valores negativos que es lo que se conoce como “recesión económica” que es cuando la tasa de crecimiento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) cae por debajo de “cero” por dos trimestres consecutivos.

Blastocystis spp. is a unicellular organism that resides in digestive tract of various vertebrates, with a worldwide distribution and a variable prevalence. For many years, Blastocystis spp. was considered a cyst of a flagellate, a fungus, or a saprophyte yeast of the digestive tract; in 1996, it is placed in the group of stramenopiles (heterokonts). Since its new classification, many questions have arisen around this protist about its role as a pathogen or non-pathogen organism. Recent evidence indicates that Blastocystis spp. participates in the immune inflammatory response in the intestinal microbiome generating an anti-inflammatory response, showing a lower concentration of fecal inflammatory markers in infected human hosts. Here, we review recent findings on the regulatory function of Blastocystis spp. in the immune inflammatory response to comprehend the purpose of Blastocystis spp. in health and disease, defining if Blastocystis spp. is really a pathogen, a commensal or even a mutualist in the human gut microbiome.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex developmental disorder characterised by impaired social interaction and communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviour. Previous systematic reviews have traditionally assessed the prevalence of ASD on global or regional context, with very few meta-analyses at the country level. The objective of this study is to systematically evaluate published and unpublished observational studies that present prevalence and comorbidity of ASD among children, adolescent and adult population in Spain.

Este libro se dirige a estudiantes y profesionistas en salud y educación quienes, en la práctica diaria, enfrentan problemáticas en las que se requiere su acción para modificar el comportamiento humano desde las más tempranas etapas del desarrollo del niño, hasta el adulto mayor. El conjunto de estas investigaciones destaca la importancia de la multidisciplinariedad en la intervención de los diversos factores que afectan el desarrollo y la calidad de vida de la población. Esta edición ofrece una serie de casos de estudio, así como posibles soluciones propuestas por investigadores en formación, de pregrado y posgrado, en un espacio de reflexión e interacción multidisciplinar.

Los contenidos teórico-prácticos de la asignatura de electrónica para estudiantes de bachillerato técnico han pasado por varias dificultades relacionadas al proceso de enseñanza, al conocimiento teórico que se imparte y, a la falta de motivación de los estudiantes en esta materia. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la factibilidad de aplicación de la gamificación como estrategia de aprendizaje del componente teórico en la asignatura de electrónica para poder consolidar en los estudiantes un aprendizaje significativo. La población seleccionada para este estudio correspondió a estudiantes de una institución secundaria de bachillerato técnico. Para analizar esta perspectiva se diseñó una encuesta cuyos resultados permitieron comprobar las hipótesis de investigación relacionadas a verificar la factibilidad de aplicación de la gamificación como recurso educativo para mejorar el aprendizaje de electrónica en estudiantes de bachillerato técnico, donde además, se ha planteado la utilización de estrategias relacionadas a la motivación, el cumplimiento de retos, desafíos, recompensas y, el uso herramientas tecnológicas con un enfoque gamificado.

Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 has been related to drug side effects and cancer susceptibility; its protein structure and acetylation capacity results from the polymorphism’s arrays on the NAT2 gene. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, cornerstones of the pharmacological effects, have shown diversity patterns across populations, ethnic groups, and even interethnic variation. Although the 1000 Genomes Project database has portrayed the global diversity of the NAT2 polymorphisms, several populations and ethnicities remain underrepresented, limiting the comprehensive picture of its variation. The NAT2 clinical entails require a detailed landscape of its striking diversity. This systematic review spans the genetic and acetylation patterns from 164 articles from October 1992 to October 2020. Descriptive studies and controls from observational studies expanded the NAT2 diversity landscape. Our study included 243 different populations and 101 ethnic minorities, and, for the first time, we presented the global patterns in the Middle Eastern populations. Europeans, including its derived populations, and East Asians have been the most studied genetic backgrounds. Contrary to the popular perception, Africans, Latinos and Native Americans have been significantly represented in recent years. NAT2*4, *5B, and *6A were the most frequent haplotypes globally. Nonetheless, the distribution of *5B and *7B were less and more frequent in Asians, respectively. Regarding the acetylator status, East Asians and Native Americans harboured the highest frequencies of the fast phenotype, followed by South Europeans. Central Asia, the Middle East, and West European populations were the major carriers of the slow acetylator status. The detailed panorama presented herein, expands the knowledge about the diversity patterns to genetic and acetylation levels. These data could help clarify the controversial findings between acetylator states and the susceptibility to diseases and reinforce the utility of NAT2 in precision medicine.