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Corey A Kemper,1 Casper Mihl,2,3 Bibi Martens,2,3 Michael C McDermott,2,4 Babs MF Hendriks2,3 1Bayer U.S. LLC, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Radiology R&D, Indianola, PA, USA; 2Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 3Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 4Bayer AG, Radiology R&D, Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Corey A Kemper, Bayer U.S. LLC, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Radiology R&D, 1 Bayer Dr, Indianola, PA, USA, Tel +1 412 225 3907, Email corey.kemper@bayer.comPurpose: To compare an investigational device (MEDRAD® Centargo CT Injection System, “Centargo”) to the currently available MEDRAD® Stellant CT Injection System (“Stellant”), in terms of efficiency, injector performance, and user satisfaction.Patients and Methods: A total of 425 patients at two sites were enrolled; 198 patients in phase one, a randomized study (98 Stellant and 100 Centargo). The second observational phase included 227 patients who were injected with Centargo. Phase one recorded times for setup, disassembly, and patient changeovers. Demographic data, subjective image quality, and injection parameters were collected. Phase two assessed usability via a questionnaire provided to all end-users of both systems (radiographers).Results: Patient changeover times were statistically significantly faster with Centargo (15.4s ± 8.7s vs 53.7s ± 19.6s, p < 0.001). Centargo day-setup times were similar to Stellant (138.1s ± 92s vs 151.8s ± 30.6s, p = 0.33) and end-of-day-disassembly times were significantly slower (60.6s ± 27s vs 17.1s ± 12.9s, p < 0.001). Based on four different scenarios modelling patient throughput, the projected time savings with Centargo over Stellant was 40– 63%, with the highest efficiency improvements for higher throughputs and the use of larger contrast medium bottles. Both Centargo and Stellant usability averaged between “Very Easy” and “Easy” in all responses to the questionnaire. There were no instances of interrupted injections due to communication loss or detected air and no insufficient images due to injector performance. No safety issues were identified.Conclusion: Centargo was able to demonstrate improved efficiency as compared to Stellant while maintaining injector performance and high usability scores.Keywords: power injection, efficiency, time savings, usability, Centargo

Background Systematic reviews often require substantial resources, partially due to the large number of records identified during searching. Although artificial intelligence may not be ready to fully replace human reviewers, it may accelerate and reduce the screening burden. Using DistillerSR (May 2020 release), we evaluated the performance of the prioritization simulation tool to determine the reduction in screening burden and time savings. Methods Using a true recall @ 95%, response sets from 10 completed systematic reviews were used to evaluate: (i) the reduction of screening burden; (ii) the accuracy of the prioritization algorithm; and (iii) the hours saved when a modified screening approach was implemented. To account for variation in the simulations, and to introduce randomness (through shuffling the references), 10 simulations were run for each review. Means, standard deviations, medians and interquartile ranges (IQR) are presented. Results Among the 10 systematic reviews, using true recall @ 95% there was a median reduction in screening burden of 47.1% (IQR: 37.5 to 58.0%). A median of 41.2% (IQR: 33.4 to 46.9%) of the excluded records needed to be screened to achieve true recall @ 95%. The median title/abstract screening hours saved using a modified screening approach at a true recall @ 95% was 29.8 h (IQR: 28.1 to 74.7 h). This was increased to a median of 36 h (IQR: 32.2 to 79.7 h) when considering the time saved not retrieving and screening full texts of the remaining 5% of records not yet identified as included at title/abstract. Among the 100 simulations (10 simulations per review), none of these 5% of records were a final included study in the systematic review. The reduction in screening burden to achieve true recall @ 95% compared to @ 100% resulted in a reduced screening burden median of 40.6% (IQR: 38.3 to 54.2%). Conclusions The prioritization tool in DistillerSR can reduce screening burden. A modified or stop screening approach once a true recall @ 95% is achieved appears to be a valid method for rapid reviews, and perhaps systematic reviews. This needs to be further evaluated in prospective reviews using the estimated recall.

Background Efforts to promote clean cooking through adoption of clean-burning fuels such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) are often based on the idea that near-exclusive use of LPG could lead to health improvements. However, benefits beyond health, such as time savings, could be more tangible and meaningful to LPG users. Objectives This study investigated the effect of an LPG intervention on time spent cooking and collecting fuel, using objective measures of stove temperatures combined with self-reports under conditions of near-exclusive LPG use. We also investigated the perceived value of any time savings and potential economic and quality of life implications. Methods We analyzed data from the Cardiopulmonary outcomes and Household Air Pollution trial in Puno, Peru, a randomized controlled trial with 180 participants assessing exposure and health impacts of an LPG stove, fuel, and behavioral intervention. Surveys conducted with 90 intervention women receiving free LPG and 90 control women cooking primarily with biomass assessed time spent cooking and collecting biomass fuel and use of time savings. Cooking time was objectively measured with temperature sensors on all stoves. Qualitative interviews explored perceptions and use of time savings in more depth. Results Intervention women spent 3.2 fewer hours cooking and 1.9 fewer hours collecting fuel per week compared to control women, but cooked on average 1.0 more meals per day. Participants perceived time saved from LPG positively, reporting more time for household chores, leisure activities, and activities with income-generating potential such as caring for animals and working in fields. Discussion This paper suggests that the benefits of LPG extend beyond health and the environment. LPG use could also lead to economic and quality of life gains, through increased time for work, rest, and consumption of hot meals, and reduced arduous biomass fuel collection.

BackgroundAimsThe benefits of digital pathology for workflow improvement and thereby cost savings in pathology, at least partly outweighing investment costs, are being increasingly recognised. Successful implementations in a variety of scenarios have started to demonstrate the cost benefits of digital pathology for both research and routine diagnosis, contributing to a sound business case encouraging further adoption. To further support new adopters, there is still a need for detailed assessment of the impact that this technology has on the relevant pathology workflows, with an emphasis on time-saving.To assess the impact of digital pathology adoption on logistic laboratory tasks (i.e. not including pathologists' time for diagnosis-making) in the Laboratorium Pathologie Oost Nederland, a large regional pathology laboratory in The Netherlands.Methods and resultsConclusionsTo quantify the benefits of digitisation, we analysed the differences between the traditional analogue and new digital workflows, carried out detailed measurements of all relevant steps in key analogue and digital processes, and compared the time spent. We modelled and assessed the logistic savings in five workflows: (i) routine diagnosis; (ii) multidisciplinary meeting; (iii) external revision requests; (iv) extra stainings; and (v) external consultation. On average, >19 working hours were saved on a typical day by working digitally, with the highest savings in routine diagnosis and multidisciplinary meeting workflows.By working digitally, a significant amount of time could be saved in a large regional pathology laboratory with a typical case mix. We also present the data in each workflow per task and concrete logistic steps to allow extrapolation to the context and case mix of other laboratories.

The purpose of this paper is to define factors that influence the emergence of induced i.e. generated traffic for experts involved in highway feasibility studies. An explanation of the practical methods for forecasting generated traffic is done by reviewing international experiences in the relevant literature. Also, the idea underlying this paper is to explain the different treatments of generated traffic in evaluating highway projects with no tolls, which is based on socio-economic aspects versus the evaluation of highway projects with tolls, which is based on financial aspects. Finally, we propose that since it is hard to measure the economic benefits from indirect effects (in the evaluation of socio-economic aspects) the evaluators could determine the economic benefits of the generated traffic using the same procedure as for normal traffic. KEYWORDS: induced traffic (generated traffic), normal traffic, coefficient of elasticity, time savings, vehicle operating cost (VOC) savings, the economic surplus

We analyzed the role played by different module types that influence the time spent on an ERP implementation. By using the concept of interdependences together with organizational integration theory, we distinguished between business-support and value-chain modules and affirmed that their respective implementation times would differ. We also highlighted the existence of time-savings and facilitator mechanisms that could reduce the total elapsed time for an ERP implementation with these module types. We found empirical support for our hypotheses by using data from 141 organizations and using econometric duration models. Through contextual, organizational, and project specific controls, our results lead us to the conclusion that value-chain modules take longer than business-support modules to implement. Furthermore, we found empirical evidence of time-savings and facilitator mechanisms in the ERP implementation process. Publicado

Public funding of water supply infrastructure in developing countries is often justified by the expectation that the time spent on water collection significantly decreases, leading to increased labor force participation of women. In this study we empirically test this hypothesis by applying a difference-in-difference analysis to a sample of 2000 households in rural Benin where improved water supply was phased in over time. Time savings per day are rather modest at 35 minutes: even though walking distances are considerably reduced, women still spend a lot of time waiting at the water source. Moreover, a reduction in time to collect one water container induces women to collect a higher number of containers per day. Our results indicate that time savings are rarely followed by increased labor supply of women: men are the first to be freed from water fetching activities.

Purpose: The objective is to improve collaboration and enhance quality of care services in municipal, home care services by implementing and developing an integrated planning tool making use of optimisation technology for better decision support. The project will through piloting and action based research establish knowledge on change in work processes to improve collaboration and efficiency. Context : A planning tool called Spider has been piloted in home care in Horten municipality since 2015 to address the challenges of planning to improve collaboration and quality and to increase utilisation of human resources. Planning of homecare services is a complex task that involves assigning 1) staff to patients, 2) routing staff visits, and 3) scheduling treatments while considering required competences, temporal precedencies between activities, competencies, preferences (of both caregivers and patients), labour laws, organisational policies and so on, within a restricted budget. Despite being a very complex optimisation task, planning is a ‘manual’ task with limited support from the electronic patient journal system resulting in inefficient solutions negatively affecting collaboration, service quality, quality of life, efficiency and costs. The project in Horten is unique and there is no similar tool available for home care. The project being an activity in the National Program for Welfare, started in one home care unit in 2015. Early 2016, the tool was implemented in all home care units being integrated with the electronic patient journal system (CosDoc) and the rostering system (Visma) in Horten. A Regional Research Funded project called OPTET is continuing research activities in Horten to develop new service processes and will include municipalities in Sandefjord, Porgrunn and Bergen. Methods: The project has used an exploratory design where research has been related to an ongoing innovation process in home care in Horten giving the required anchoring from management to do changes affecting users, relatives and employees. Methods for human centred design [1] combined with methods of innovation processes [2] have been applied and the pilot has been through several iterations with problem formulation, testing and evaluation to establish insight and knowledge on how work processes can be changed to improve collaboration and efficiency. Qualitative methods in terms of interviews and workshops are applied from action based research and design [3,4] and quantitative methods are used for evaluation. New service and work processes are described using Service Blueprint [5] and Business Process Modelling [6]. Results and Discussion: Results from Horten municipality are showing improved efficiency through 1) reduced planning time by ~40%, 2) time savings due to improved planning by 10% and 3) improved service quality by reducing number of caregivers per user by 22%. Having Spider implemented in all home care units, evaluations will continue and also include evaluations of 4) gains by improved flexibility in resource allocation since Spider is enabling larger care units, 5) improved utilisation of resources and competence, 6) improved work professionality and employee satisfaction and 7) improved health and quality of life for users. The results from the study is likely to change the way home care is organised in the future. References ISO-standard Human centred design for interactive systems, ISO-standard, ISO 9241-210:2010 Roper, S., J. Du and J. H. Love (2008). "Modelling the innovation value chain", Research Policy 37(6): 961-977 Baskerville R, Pries-Heje J. Grounded action research: a method for understanding IT in practice. Acting Mgmt & Info Tech.1999; 9:1-23 Sein M, Henfridsson O, Purao S, Rossi M, Lindgren R. Action design research. 2011 Mary J.Bitner, A.L. Ostrom, F. N Morgan: Service Blueprinting: A Practical Technique for Service Innovation. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/product/service-blueprinting-a-practical-technique-for-ser/an/CMR397-PDF-ENG Business Process Modelling (BPM) er en standard fra Object Management Group. www.omg.com

ISBN : 978-1-4244-5653-6; International audience; We offer, in this paper, a new method to segment text in natural scenes. This method is based on the use of a morphological operator: the Toggle Mapping. The efficiency of the method is illustrated and the method is compared, according to various criteria, with common methods issued from the state of the art. This comparison shows that our method gives better results and is faster than the state of the art methods. Our method reduces also the number of segmented regions. This can lead to time saving in a complete scheme (executing time of multiple processing steps usually depends on the number of regions) and proves that our algorithm is more relevant.

Incredible dynamic of the e-commerce is explained by the competitive advantages versus the “classic” commerce: very permissive entry barriers, accessible (low) investments to start-up the business, relatively accelerated cash cycle allowing a good recover of the invested funds even considering lower margins. Despite these incontestable advantages there are some inconvenients, mainly: length of time for delivery, risk of electronic payments, no possibility of direct contact of the products. Cost leadership strategy is the most efficient strategy, while implementation of the differentiation strategy is difficult to do. Comparative analysis of the development of the e-commerce in Romanian economy should be argued by a marketing research in the field of Romanian enterprises.