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MIL-100(Fe)-modified nanofiber membrane are prospective adsorbents for the removal of drugs from sewage.

A novel Pd/SnO2 nanocomposite with abundant Pd(100)/SnO2 interfaces shows a record-high mass activity of 14.55 A mgPd−1 towards electrochemical formic acid oxidation.

The relation between the integrated thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) $y$-decrement versus halo mass ($Y$--$M$) can potentially constrain galaxy formation models, if theoretical and observational systematics can be properly assessed. We investigate the $Y$--$M$ relation in the SIMBA and IllustrisTNG-100 cosmological hydrodynamic simulations, quantifying the effects of feedback, line-of-sight projection, and beam convolution. We find that SIMBA's AGN jet feedback generates strong deviations from self-similar expectations for the $Y$--$M$ relation, especially at $M_{500}, 14 pages, 7 figures. Accepted by MNRAS, comments welcome

We study the stacked filaments connecting group-mass halo pairs, using dark-matter-only N-body simulations. We calculate the dark matter over-density profile of these stacked filaments at different redshifts as a function of the distance perpendicular to the filament axis. A four-parameter universal functional form, including three comoving scale radii and one amplitude parameter (core density), provides a good fit out to a radius of 20 cMpc/h for stacked filaments over a range of redshifts, lengths and masses. The scale radii are approximately independent of redshift but increase as power-laws with the comoving filament length. Lastly, we compare the scaling of the filament mass measured directly from the simulations to the predicted scaling from the halo-halo-matter three-point correlation function as a function of redshift and of the mass of the halo pairs. We find that both measured scalings are similar to, but somewhat shallower than the predictions, by 10% and 30%, respectively. These results provide a template to interpret present and upcoming observational results based on stacking, for example, weak lensing, thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich, or X-ray observations., Comment: 15 pages. 11 figures. Accepted by MNRAS. Comments welcome

Inspired by transformation optics, we propose a new concept for plasmonic photocatalysis by creating a novel hybrid nanostructure with a plasmonic singularity. Our geometry enables broad and strong spectral light harvesting at the active site of a nearby semiconductor where the chemical reaction occurs. A proof-of-concept nanostructure comprising Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) and Au-Au dimer (t-CZTS@Au-Au) is fabricated via a colloidal strategy combining templating and seeded growth. On the basis of numerical and experimental results of different related hybrid nanostructures, we show that both the sharpness of the singular feature and the relative position to the reactive site play a pivotal role in optimizing photocatalytic activity. Compared with bare CZTS, the hybrid nanostructure (t-CZTS@Au-Au) exhibits an enhancement of the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate by up to ∼9 times. The insights gained from this work might be beneficial for designing efficient composite plasmonic photocatalysts for diverse photocatalytic reactions.

Background With the development of urbanization in China and the liberalization of the hukou conversion policy, more and more people have converted from agricultural hukou to non-agricultural hukou. Based on this, the present study intends to examine whether there is an association between earlier hukou conversion and current depression level in the group of older adults, and the underlying mechanisms of this association. Method The present study used data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) to explore the relationship between earlier hukou conversion and current depression level in older adults, using 10,213 older adults who had a hukou conversion as the study population. This study used ordinary least squares (OLS) and ordered logit models for regression analysis to explore the association between earlier hukou conversion and current depression level. Meanwhile, we further analyzed whether social status and social relationships play a mediating role between earlier hukou conversion and depression level of the older adults. Results The study led to the following conclusions: (1) Older adults who had a hukou conversion had lower levels of depression compared to those who had an agricultural hukou. (2) Compared to older adults who had an agricultural hukou, they had lower level of depression for both active and passive hukou conversions. (3) Older adults who had received lower education and lived in the eastern region exhibited lower level of depression in both actively and passively changing hukou. (4) Changes in social status and social relationship are the mediating mechanisms between hukou conversion and depression level of older adults. Conclusion This study found that there was some association between earlier hukou conversion and current depression level of the group of older adults. There is a significant reduction in depression level of the older adults after they have achieved hukou conversion to obtain a non-agricultural hukou. The government can learn from the formation mechanism of lower depression level of the older adults who had achieved hukou conversion to promote the reform and the development of the hukou system.

In the continuous development of electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR), Cu-based electrocatalysts have received great attention, due to their unique ability to produce high value-added multicarbon products. Of particular interest are various Cu-comprising nanocrystals, not only because they usually show better catalytic properties than bulk materials, but also because their well-defined structures and highly tunable compositions facilitate in-depth mechanistic studies. This review aims to summarize the latest developments of electrocatalysts for ECR, with a focus on systems using Cu-comprising nanocrystals. We first give a general introduction to the field of ECR, covering the significance of this process, reaction mechanisms, catalyst evaluation criteria, and electrolytic cell configurations. Next, we discuss Cu-comprising nanocrystals developed for ECR by categorizing them into four groups: monometallic copper, copper-containing bimetals/multimetals, copper compounds, and copper–metal oxide hybrids; among these groups, we choose representative examples for detailed discussion on the synthetic methods, structural and compositional reaction sensitivities, and catalyst evolution during ECR. In the last section, we outline the challenges in this field from the fundamental and applicative aspects, and give perspectives on the expansion of catalyst varieties, the identification and preservation of active sites, and the exploration of industrially relevant operations for these nanocrystals. We hope the insights provided in this review will inspire the design and development of next-generation catalysts for ECR.

The frequency and destructiveness of hurricanes and related extreme weather events (e.g., cyclones, severe storms) have been increasing due to climate change. A growing body of evidence suggests that victims of hurricanes have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), likely due to increased stressors around time of the hurricane and in their aftermath.The objective was to systematically examine the evidence of the association between hurricanes (and related extreme weather events) and adverse CVD outcomes with the goal of understanding the gaps in the literature.A comprehensive literature search of population-level and cohort studies focused on CVD outcomes (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure) related to hurricanes, cyclones, and severe storms was performed in the following databases from inception to December 2021: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library. Studies retrieved were then screened for eligibility against predefined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Studies were then qualitatively synthesized based on the time frame of the CVD outcomes studied and special populations that were studied. Gaps in the literature were identified based on this synthesis.Of the 1,103 citations identified, 48 met our overall inclusion criteria. We identified articles describing the relationship between CVD and extreme weather, primarily hurricanes, based on data from the United States (42), Taiwan (3), Japan (2), and France (1). Outcomes included CVD and myocardial infarction-related hospitalizations (30 studies) and CVVD-related mortality (7 studies). Most studies used a retrospective study design, including one case-control study, 39 cohort studies, and 4 time-series studies.Although we identified a number of papers that reported evaluations of extreme weather events and short-term adverse CVD outcomes, there were important gaps in the literature. These gaps included

Human c-Cbl is a RING-type ligase and plays a central role in the protein degradation cascade. To elucidate its conformational changes related to substrate binding, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of different variants/states of c-Cbl for a cumulative time of 68 μs. Our simulations demonstrate that before the substrate binds, the RING domain samples a broad set of conformational states at a biologically relevant salt concentration, including the closed, partially open, and fully open states, whereas substrate binding leads to a restricted conformational sampling. Phe378 and the C-terminal region play an essential role in stabilizing the partially open state. To visualize the allosteric signal transmission pathways from the substrate-binding site to the 40 Å apart RING domain and identify the critical residues for allostery, we have created a subgraph from the optimal and suboptimal paths. Redundant paths are seen in the SH2 domain where the substrate binds, while the major bottlenecks are found at the junction between the SH2 domain and the linker helix region as well as that between the SH2 domain and the 4H bundle. These bottlenecks separate the paths into two overall routes. The nodes/residues at the bottlenecks on the subgraph are considered allosteric hot spots. This subgraph approach provides a general tool for network visualization and determination of critical residues for allostery. The structurally and allosterically critical residues identified in our work are testable and would provide valuable insights into the emerging strategies for drug discovery, such as targeted protein degradation.

Background Synthetic plastics are extremely versatile and convenient materials that can be used to create a diversity of useful products, but their widespread use is causing increasing damage to the planet. As a result, there has been considerable efforts towards the development of more biodegradable and environmentally-friendly materials. Among various alternatives, starch is considered as a good substitute for synthetic polymers due to its abundant supply, low cost, complete biodegradation, high biocompatibility, and good film-forming properties. However, a number of technical challenges need to be overcome to increase the practical of starch-based materials for manner applications. Scope and approach An up-to-date review of starch-based materials is given, with emphasis on methods to improve their properties and widen their application in food packaging. The preparation methods, common additives, characterization techniques, and applications of starch-based biodegradable materials are summarized. Additionally, advanced technological approaches to prepare innovative starch-based biodegradable materials are also introduced to stimulate new areas for future research. Key findings and conclusions Starch-based materials have great potential as biodegradable food packaging materials that will reduce environmental pollution. The functional performance of starch-based biodegradable materials can be extended or improved by adding other biopolymers or additives, as well as by using novel preparation techniques. Nevertheless, the large-scale economic production of high-performance starch-based biodegradable materials is still a challenge and more research is still required in this area.

Electrical properties (EPs) of tissues facilitate early detection of cancerous tissues. Magnetic resonance electrical properties tomography (MREPT) is a technique to non-invasively probe the EPs of tissues from MRI measurements. Most MREPT methods rely on numerical differentiation (ND) to solve partial differential Equations (PDEs) to reconstruct the EPs. However, they are not practical for clinical data because ND is noise sensitive and the MRI measurements for MREPT are noisy in nature. Recently, Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have been introduced to solve PDEs by substituting ND with automatic differentiation (AD). To the best of our knowledge, it has not been applied to MREPT due to the challenges in using PINN on MREPT as (i) a PINN requires part of ground-truth EPs as collocation points to optimize the network’s AD, (ii) the noisy input data disrupts the optimization of PINNs despite the noise-filtering nature of NNs and additional denoising processes. In this work, we propose a PINN-MREPT model based on a canonical analytic MREPT model. A reference padding layer with known EPs was added to surround the region of interest for providing additive collocation points. Moreover, an optimizable diffusion coefficient was embedded in the analytic MREPT model used in the PINN-MREPT. The noise robustness of the proposed PINN-MREPT for single-sample reconstruction was tested by using numerical phantoms of human brain with extra tumor-like tissues at different noise levels. The results of numerical experiments show that PINN-MREPT outperforms two typical numerical MREPT methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy, sensitivity to the extra tissues, and the correlations of line profiles in the regions of interest. The advantage of the PINN-MREPT is shown by the results of an experiment on phantom measurement, too. Moreover, it is found that the diffusion term plays an important role to achieve a noise-robust PINN-MREPT. This is an important step moving forward to a clinical application of MREPT.

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and plants form a symbiotic relationship that promotes plant growth and development. However, the regulatory mechanisms through which AMF promote plant growth and development are largely unexplored. In this study, the apple rootstock M26 was assessed physiologically, transcriptionally and metabolically when grown with and without AMF inoculation. AMF significantly promoted the number of lateral root (LR) increase and shoot elongation. Root transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted lateral root development mainly by affecting glucose metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, and hormone metabolism. Shoot transcriptomic and metabolic data showed that AMF promoted shoot elongation mainly by affecting hormone metabolism and the expression of genes associated with cell morphogenesis. To investigate whether shoot elongation is caused by root development, we analyzed the root/shoot dry weight ratio. There was a correlation between shoot growth and root development, but analysis of root and shoot metabolites showed that the regulation of AMF on plant shoot metabolites is independent of root growth. Our study bridged the gap in the field of growth and development related to AMF.

Inorganic electrides are a new class of compounds catering to the interest of scientists due to the multiple usages exhibited by interstitial electrons in the lattice. However, the influence of the shape and distribution of interstitial electrons on physical properties and new forms of physical states are still unknown. In this work, crystal structure search algorithms are employed to explore the possibility of forming new electrides in the As-Li system, where interstitial electrons behave as 1D electron chains (1D electride) in Pmmm phase of AsLi$_7$ and transform into 0D electron clusters (0D electride) in P6/mmm phase at 80 GPa. The P6/mmm phase has relatively high superconductivity at 150 GPa (Tc=38.4K) than classical electrides, even at moderate pressure with Tc=16.6K. The novel superconducting properties are conjectured to be possibly due to three Van Hove singularities at the Fermi level. In addition, a Dirac cone in the band has been observed, expanding the sources of Dirac materials. The survival of AsLi$_7$ at room temperature is confirmed by molecular dynamics simulation at 300 K. At 1000 K, the As atoms in the system act like solid, while a portion of the Li atoms cycle around the As atoms, and another portion of the Li atoms flow freely like liquid, showing the novel physical phenomenon of the coexistence of the plastic and superionic states. This suggests that the superionic and plastic states cannot only be found in hydrides but also in the electride. Our results indicate that superconducting electride AsLi$_7$ with superionic and plastic states can exist in Earth's interior.

With the overall transformation and upgrading of China's economic structure, the development concept of green finance has been established in the financial industry, but it is also facing new challenges in the near future. First, this article will summarize the previous studies of green finance. Based on the current finance development situation, this article will investigate the difficulties encountered in implementing green finance in China and finding solutions. The study aims to provide a theoretical reference for the development of green finance in China.

Lead ion(Pb2+) is one of the most hazardous heavy metal ions in aquatic environments. Carbon materials and manganese dioxide(MnO2) have been shown to be prospective adsorbents to cope with the lead pollution. In this study, a novel hollow carbon@MnO2 composite nanofiber adsorbent was prepared by the combination of electrospinning and carbonization. The PAN nanofiber membrane is subjected to a pre-oxidation and carbonization process, and then the obtained carbon nanofibers react with KMnO4 solution during the hydrothermal process to develop the hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers. The hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers displayed a higher adsorption capacity of Pb2+ than carbon and MnO2/PDA/PAN nanofibers. The maximum adsorption capacity toward Pb2+ by hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers was 460.83 mg/g. After 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, the carbon@MnO2 nanofibers had a good recyclability and the removal efficiency remained 81.47%. Moreover, the removal efficiency of the hollow composite nanofibers for Pb2+ from real wastewater could reach 94.37%. This work shows a strategy for synthetics of the hollow carbon@MnO2 nanofibers, which exhibits a promising potential in actual wastewater treatment.

Background Political participation is an important component of civil rights. Several studies have shown that citizens’ political participation not only influences the allocation of public resources, but also has a positive correlation with participants’ life satisfaction. Recently, political participation has become increasingly frequent in China; however, the research on Chinese citizens’ political participation and life satisfaction is insufficient. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between political participation and life satisfaction in the Chinese cultural context, and how this relationship varied under different conditions. Methods Based on 8,475 respondents from the 2015 Chinese Social Survey, ordinary least squares modeling was used to investigate the relationship of Chinese citizens’ political participation and their life satisfaction, and the differences that might exist in this relationship. Results Political participation was closely related to life satisfaction. Compared with non-political participants, the life satisfaction of political participants was 0.133 units higher, which was significant at the 1% level. Regarding the types of political participation, citizens engaged in institutionalized political participation had higher life satisfaction, whereas citizens engaged in non-institutionalized political participation had lower life satisfaction. Furthermore, two social capitals, namely social tolerance and social trust, were the mediating variables linking political participation to citizens’ life satisfaction. Conclusions In China, citizens engaged in political participation had higher life satisfaction, in contrast, citizens engaged in non-institutionalized political participation had lower life satisfaction.

A Muon station for sciEnce, technoLOgy and inDustrY (MELODY) has been listed in the China Spallation Neutron Source upgrade plan, and the infrastructure construction is scheduled to start by the end of 2022. The 1.6 GeV double-pulsed proton bunch will be extracted from the Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) ring to a stand-alone target station. One surface muon and one decay muon beamline are designed to provide multi-terminals for applications. In this report, we describe the design of MELODY and prospect for future applications.

The Phase II upgrade project of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) includes the construction of a surface muon beam line and a muon spin rotation/relaxation/resonance (μSR) spectrometer, which will be the first μSR spectrometer built in China. Here, we report the conceptual design of the spectrometer, including the detector arrangement, magnets, sample environment (SE) and sample chamber. Based on the design parameters of the muon beam (1 Hz, 105 μ+/pulse), the spectrometer possesses over 2500 detector units to maximize the counting rate. Three different types of magnets can generate a zero field (ZF), a longitudinal field (LF) within 5000 G, and a transverse field within 400 G. The SE consists of a cryostat and a closed-cycle refrigerator (CCR) to provide temperatures lower than 2 K in the current stage. It has potentials to be updated to 300 mK. The sample chamber is designed with a fly past structure to reduce the background for experiments with small-sized samples.

We successfully fabricate a novel concave nanostructure that is composed of atomically dispersed Ru atoms in Pt3Sn nanoconcaves (Ru-Pt3Sn NCs), which shows enhanced performance in methanol electroxidation compared to commercial Pt/C. This could be ascribed to the stable intermetallic structure and active surface structure, as well as the synergy among Pt, Sn and Ru.

The default mode network (DMN) has a unique activity pattern in the resting brain. Studies on resting-state brain activity are helpful to identify various brain dynamic characteristics of patients with mental diseases and those of healthy people. The brain produces a series of changes in different eye states. However, the relationship between eye states and the DMN, which is closely related to the resting state, has not been widely examined. This study recruited 42 healthy students aged 17–22. Participants completed the Profile of Mood States questionnaire. Thereafter, the electroencephalogram data was collected with the patients’ eyes open and closed. Changes in neural oscillation and the DMN’s information transmission during different eye openness states were compared. The results showed that the neural oscillation activities of the parietal-occipital network such as the superior parietal lobule and precuneus were significantly enhanced in the eyes open state. In addition, the effective connectivity within the DMN was enhanced during opened eyes, especially from the left precuneus to the left posterior cingulate cortex, and this connectivity was negatively correlated with the Vigor-Activity mood state in the eyes open state. The activity of the DMN in the resting-state is regulated by eye states, which may relate to mood and emotional perception.

Working memory functions are known to be altered after total sleep deprivation (TSD). However, few studies have explored the deficits of working memory updating (WMU) after TSD, or the underlying electrophysiological mechanisms of these alterations. In the current exploratory study, we enrolled 14 young male volunteers who performed two kinds of WMU tasks—spatial and object two-back tasks—with simultaneous electroencephalography recordings under two sleep conditions: a normal sleep baseline condition and after 36 h of TSD. Repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that compared with those at baseline, the rates of correct responses in the WMU tasks decreased significantly after TSD. Analysis of event-related potentials revealed that the average amplitude of P3 components decreased significantly in the frontal and central brain regions and increased significantly in the parietal brain regions. Our findings suggest that TSD damages WMU behavior, impairs cognitive functions in the frontal and central brain regions, and triggers greater activation in the parietal brain regions. This is the first study to report the existence of event-related compensatory neural activity. This event-related compensatory effect may provide a new perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying the influences triggered by sleep loss.

The annular folded lens (AFL) is a design form offering large aperture, high-resolution imaging in a very axially compact package. The folded optic can be made monolithic for easier fabrication and alignment, yet the introduction of refractive surfaces with a dispersive optical material gives way to chromatic aberrations. AFL designs using homogeneous media are generally limited to the monochromatic regime with polychromatic performance greatly reduced. By introducing freeform gradient-index (F-GRIN) media, monolithic AFL designs can achieve higher monochromatic performance as well as provide color correction for diffraction-limited polychromatic imaging. Monochromatic and polychromatic design methodologies are surveyed where the F-GRIN is constrained to remain feasible for fabrication.

This study compared the quality, oxidation, and microstructure of high-market-share PSE-like chicken meat (PSE) after domestic cooking with those of normal chicken meat (NOR). Cooking techniques included steaming (ST), boiling (BO), roasting (RO), and microwaving (MV) at 60, 70, and 80 °C. The results indicated that PSE-induced chicken breasts were of poor quality, with significantly higher cooking loss rates (NOR: 22.1%

Recently, electrides have received increasing attention due to their multifunctional properties as superconducting, catalytic, insulating, and electrode materials, with potential to offer other performance and possess novel physical states. This work uncovers that Li5N as an electride possess four novel physical states simultaneously: electride state, super-coordinated state, superconducting state, and superionic state. By obtaining high-pressure phase diagrams of the Li–N system at 150–350 GPa using a crystal structure search algorithm, we find that Li5N can remain stable as P6/mmm structure and has a 14-fold super-coordination number, as verified by Bader charge and electron localization function analysis. Its superconducting transition temperature reaches the highest at 150 GPa (T c = 48.97 K). Besides, Li5N exhibits the superionic state at 3000 K, in which N atoms act like solid, while some Li atoms flow like liquid. The above results are further verified at a macroscopic level by using deep learning potential molecular dynamics simulations.

Alerts are crucial for requesting prompt human intervention upon cloud anomalies. The quality of alerts significantly affects the cloud reliability and the cloud provider's business revenue. In practice, we observe on-call engineers being hindered from quickly locating and fixing faulty cloud services because of the vast existence of misleading, non-informative, non-actionable alerts. We call the ineffectiveness of alerts "anti-patterns of alerts". To better understand the anti-patterns of alerts and provide actionable measures to mitigate anti-patterns, in this paper, we conduct the first empirical study on the practices of mitigating anti-patterns of alerts in an industrial cloud system. We study the alert strategies and the alert processing procedure at Huawei Cloud, a leading cloud provider. Our study combines the quantitative analysis of millions of alerts in two years and a survey with eighteen experienced engineers. As a result, we summarized four individual anti-patterns and two collective anti-patterns of alerts. We also summarize four current reactions to mitigate the anti-patterns of alerts, and the general preventative guidelines for the configuration of alert strategy. Lastly, we propose to explore the automatic evaluation of the Quality of Alerts (QoA), including the indicativeness, precision, and handleability of alerts, as a future research direction that assists in the automatic detection of alerts' anti-patterns. The findings of our study are valuable for optimizing cloud monitoring systems and improving the reliability of cloud services., Comment: In Proceedings of the 52nd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN'22)

As our cities grow, it is important to develop policies and streetscape designs that provide pedestrians with safe comfortable walking conditions and acknowledge the challenges involved in making urban places feel liveable and safe while understanding the critical role of streets around busy destinations. To understand these challenges at a nuanced, human level, new methods of citizen engagement are needed. This paper outlines the development and application of a new citizen perception collection method, using immersive virtual environments (IVE), coupled with an interactive emoji affective activation-pleasure grid and digital slider elements, embedded within an online e-participation survey to quantify, and rank the impact of individual (single-variable) urban design elements and safe system treatments on pedestrians’ perceptions of safety and place. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for providing detailed, interrogable, scalable citizen perception data of a variety of urban street design elements and safe system treatments, which allows a statistical analysis of responses and prioritization of the most effective pedestrian-oriented interventions for maintaining or enhancing street vibrancy and liveability. Our IVE e-participation approach is an important contribution to forming a better understanding of streetscapes and provides a valuable method for urban designers and transport planners to prioritise different streetscape place and safety approaches.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of oxidative attributes, protein DJ-1 expression, oxidized form (oxDJ-1), and cellular localization in RFN and PSE pork meat during the post-mortem aging. The longissimus thoracis of RFN and PSE groups were collected and classified by determination of pH, color and purge loss and then aged for 1, 3 and 7 d at 4 °C postmortem. Results showed that the content of DJ-1 and oxDJ-1 was continuously increased during 7 d of postmortem aging. A relatively higher protein DJ-1, oxDJ-1, oxygen reactive species and disulfide bond contents were found in PSE meat in comparison to RFN meat. Immunostaining showed that protein DJ-1 was located in cytoplasm, membrane and some nucleus of muscle cells. DJ-1 was shown to correlate with meat quality and oxidative attributes, suggesting a regulatory role in resisting oxidative stress and meat quality formation during post-mortem aging.