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This paper addresses the issue of dynamic instability in quadrotor caused by changes in load mass during flight. To tackle this problem, the Lyapunov exponent method is adopted to study the dynamics and motion stability of the system. This approach resolves the challenge of constructing system eigenvalues due to the nonlinearity and high order of the quadrotor. To enhance the reliability of stability analysis, a quantitative relationship between system dynamics parameters and motion stability is established by combining the dynamic model with the Lyapunov exponent method. This approach compensates for inaccuracies in theoretical modeling analysis caused by factors such as load mass changes. The experiments demonstrate that changing the wheelbase and load mass improves flight motion stability, ensuring the reliability of the quadrotor flight system. Overall, this paper provides an in-depth analysis of the motion stability of a quadrotor and proposes a reliable method for stability analysis that accounts for changes in load mass during flight.

More and more new ultrasound techniques with their own characteristics are applied in the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules. This study amied to assess and compare the diagnostic value of the Demetics ultrasound-assisted diagnosis system and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) combined with the Thyroid Image Reporting and Data Systems (TI-RADS) for thyroid nodules.A total of 600 thyroid nodules with pathological findings were retrospectively analysed. Demetics and CEUS were performed for all nodules. The diagnostic efficacy of Demetics and CEUS for nodules of different sizes was evaluated and compared in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), positive likelihood ratio (LR+) and negative likelihood ratio (LR-). The characteristics of nodules diagnosed and misdiagnosed by Demetics were compared to analyse the factors affecting the diagnostic accuracy of Demetics. The necessity of CEUS for nodules that are prone to misdiagnosis in Demetics was assessed.Both Demetics and CEUS can be used for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules of different sizes. The diagnostic agreement between Demetics and CEUS for thyroid nodules of different sizes was moderate, substantial and fair, respectively. The sensitivity and NPV of Demetics were higher than those of CEUS, and the specificity, PPV and LR+ of CEUS were higher than that of Demetics. The LR- of Demetics was lower than those of CEUS. There were significant differences in age, calcification and margin in analysing the factors affecting Demetics. CEUS correctly diagnosed 50 of the 101 nodules misdiagnosed by Demetics.Demetics showed high sensitivity in diagnosing thyroid nodules, while CEUS showed high specificity. In clinical practice, CEUS can further improve the diagnostic accuracy for nodules that are easily misdiagnosed by Demetics.

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for the differentiation of benign and malignant peripheral pulmonary lesions has been considered experimental for many years. This study was aimed at evaluating the feasibility of CEUS as a diagnostic modality in this area of discussion. CEUS diagnostic accuracy was explored by comparison with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT). The collective included 449 patients with 449 definitive diagnoses (benign, 178; malignant, 271). Logistic regression analysis of CEUS data revealed that delayed time to enhancement, chaotic pattern of distribution of vessels and mild extent of enhancement were independent risk factors for predicting malignancy. Time to wash-out and homogeneity of enhancement did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Based on histopathology or clinical follow-up as a reference standard, CEUS and CECT had similar diagnostic accuracies of 80.16% and 81.75%, respectively. CEUS is a potentially useful imaging tool for diagnosing peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the axial skeleton. Meanwhile, copper is a mineral nutrient involved in cell proliferation and death pathways and has been observed in various diseases. Methods: The purpose of this study was to identify potential new biomarkers of ankylosing spondylitis through biomarker analysis and explore its immune cell infiltration analysis. Gene expression profiles of GSE73754, GSE25101 and GSE18781 datasets were retrieved from the GEO database. Three machine learning algorithms, i.e., minimum absolute shrinkage and selection operator ( LASSO ), random forest ( RF ) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination ( SVM-RFE ), were used to screen cuprotosis-related genes ( CRGs ) of ankylosing spondylitis. Besides, ankylosing spondylitis specimens were classified using the consensus clustering method. The three machine learning results were intersected with the CRGs obtained by difference analysis and the differential CRGs obtained by clustering to obtain key genes. Additionally, the infiltration of immune cells was detected by ssGSEA, and the cuprotosis-related genes related to immune cells and immune function were detected by spearman correlation analysis. The nomogram model was established, and the accuracy of cuprotosis-related genes in predicting the development of AS disease was verified by external data sets. Result: The two AS libraries in the GEO database were merged after removing the batch effect. Through the difference analysis, 6 CRGs were obtained, 9 CRGs were obtained by LASSO algorithm, 4 CRGs were obtained by SVM-RFE, and 13 CRGs were obtained by RF. It was also found by clustering the consistency of AS samples that they could be divided into 2 subtypes, and 5 CRGs were obtained as well. Finally, two key genes of SLC31A1 and PDHB were obtained by VENN intersection. The immune infiltration and GSEA analysis showed that PDHB had the strongest positive correlation with T cells CD8, followed by T cells CD4 memory resting, and had the strongest negative correlation with Neutrophils. Besides, SLC31A1 had the strongest positive correlation with NK cells resting and the strongest negative correlation with T cells CD8. By establishing a nomogram model, it was found that the two genes could better predict the development of AS, and the verification of the external data set GSE18781 indicated the stronger predictive ability of PDHB. Conclusion: In summary, the present study revealed several newly discovered cuprotosis-related genes that interfered with the progression of ankylosing spondylitis through immune infiltration, and found the large research space of PDHB.

Monitoring the site-specific local structure and dynamics of polynucleotides and DNA is important for understanding their biological functions. However, structurally characterizing these biomolecules with high time resolution has been known to be experimentally challenging. In this work, several 5-silylethynyl-2'-deoxynucleosides and 5-substituted phenylethynyl-2'-deoxynucleosides on the basis of deoxycytidine (dC) and deoxythymidine (dT) were synthesized, in which the alkynyl group shows intensified CC stretching vibration with infrared transition dipole moment magnitude close to that of typical CO stretching, and exhibits structural sensitivities in both vibrational frequency and spectral width. In particular, 5-trimethylsilylethynyl-2'-dC (

For layered transition metal oxides cathode-based lithium batteries, the chemical degradation of electrolytes leads to fast battery capacity decay, severely challenging their practical applications. This kind of chemical degradation of electrolytes is caused by the oxidation of reactive oxygen (e.g., singlet oxygen) and the attack of free radicals during cycling. To address this, we first report a biologically inspired antiaging strategy of developing the photostabilizer with singlet oxygen- and free radicals-scavenging abilities as a cathode binder additive. It is fully evidenced that this binder system consisting of the binder additive and a commercially available polyvinylidene difluoride can scavenge singlet oxygen and free radicals generated during high-voltage cycling, thus significantly restraining electrolyte decomposition. As a result, high-voltage layered transition metal oxides-based lithium batteries with reproducibly superior electrochemical performance, even under elevated temperatures, can be achieved. This bioinspired strategy to scavenge reactive oxygen and free radicals heralds a new paradigm for manipulating the cathode/electrolyte interphase chemistry of various rechargeable batteries involving layered transition metal oxides-based cathodes.

Objective to evaluate the role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) of the Simple Rules (SR) from the International Ovarian Tumor Analysis group for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant adnexal tumors. Methods A total of 180 patients with suspected malignant adnexal masses admitted to Lanzhou University Second Hospital were included, all of whom received conventional ultrasound (US) and CEUS examination before surgery. All masses were assessed using SR in US and SR in CEUS respectively. To compare the diagnostic performance , the sensitivity, specificity, negative and positive predictive values , Youden index and area under the curves values of SR in US and SR in CEUS were obtained. Results SR in CEUS was better than SR in US with its sensitivity, negative predictive values , Youden index and area under the curves . The specificity and negative predictive value of SR in CEUS were lower than that of SR in US. Compared with SR in US, SR in CEUS significantly reduced the number of uncertain masses(21, 36.7% vs 66, 11.7%). Conclusion We concluded that SR in CEUS performed well in the diagnosis of malignant adnexal masses. SR in CEUS is a supplement to SR in US.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as a new tool for characterizing vascularization of primary peripheral lung cancer. METHODS: 315 consecutive patients with definite primary peripheral lung cancers underwent CEUS examination from November 2016 to March 2022. CEUS parameters including time to enhancement (TE), time to peak (TP), time to wash-out (TW), distribution of vessels (DV), extent of enhancement (EE) and homogeneity of enhancement (HE) were obtained. RESULTS: The lesions were grouped on the basis of TE which reflects tumor vascularization: early enhancement (pulmonary arterial vascularization) (n = 91) and delayed enhancement group (bronchial arterial vascularization) (n = 224). Overall, lung tumors commonly (71.1%) manifested a delayed enhancement which indicating blood supply originated from bronchial arteries, while an early enhancement was present in less than a third of the cases. Tumors with bronchial vascularization tended to show a delayed, reduced and heterogeneous enhancement. Correspondingly, it is characterized by a shorter TE, marked EE and a relatively infrequent occurrence of necrosis in tumors with pulmonary vascularization. CONCLUSIONS: Providing micro-perfusion information, CEUS is a potentially imaging tool for evaluating blood supply in primary peripheral lung cancer.

Here, we report (C4H9)4NCuCl2 single crystals with a luminous intensity that remains largely the same after soaking in water for 24 h. (CH9)4NCuCl2 has a new type zero-dimensional framework, in which the isolated [CuCl2]- anions are wrapped by organic (C4H9)4N+ cations. As expected, (C4H9)4NCuCl2 shows a broad emission band at 508 nm with a photoluminescence quantum yield of approximately 82% at room temperature, stemming from self-trapped exciton (STE) emission. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurement reveals that there is an energy barrier ΔE (24.0 meV) between the intrinsic state and STE state, which leads to the increase in emission intensity with an increase in temperature (98-278 K), while the emission intensity begins to decrease when the temperature is higher than 278 K due to the effects of both thermal quenching and carrier scattering. Our findings provide a new idea for the design of lead-free anti-water stability metal halide materials.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising candidates to traditional lithium ion batteries due to its low cost, high theoretical specific capacity (1675 mAh g−1) and energy density (2600 Wh kg−1) of sulfur. Compared with traditional liquid electrolytes, polymer electrolytes (PEs) are ever-increasingly preferred due to their higher safety, superior compatibility, long cycling stability and so on. Despite some progresses on PEs, however, there remain lots of hurdles to be addressed prior to commercial applications. This review begins with native advantages for PEs to replace LEs, and then proposes the ideal requirements for PEs. Furthermore, a brief development history of typical PEs for Li-S batteries is presented to systematically summarize the recent achievements in Li-S batteries with PEs. Noted that the structure-performance relationships of polymer matrixes for PEs are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities on the future development of PEs are presented. We hold the view that composite polymer electrolytes in virtue of the high ionic conductivity and the compatible interfacial property will be promising solution for high performance Li-S batteries.

Research on the chemistry of high-energy-density transition metal oxide cathodes (TMOCs) is at the forefront in the pursuit of lithium-ion batteries with increased energy density. As a critical component of these cathodes, binders not only glue cathode active material particles and conducting carbons together and to current collectors but also play pivotal roles in building multiscale compatible interphases between electrolytes and cathodes. In this review, we outline several vital design considerations of high-voltage binders, several of which are already present in traditional binder design that need to be highlighted, and systematically reveal the chemistry and mechanisms underpinning such binders for in-depth understanding. Further optimization of the design of polymer binders to improve battery performance is also discussed. Finally, perspectives regarding the future rational design and promising research opportunities of state-of-the-art binders for high-voltage TMOCs are presented.

Soil salinity is one of the major abiotic stressors that seriously affects plant growth and yield. Soluble sugars activated by salt stress serve as the osmoprotectants to improve salt tolerance for plants, and meanwhile they could provide energy sources supporting plant growth and development. However, the molecular mechanism that negatively regulates sugar accumulation under salt stress is not fully understood. Here, we provide evidences that the functions of the ankyrin-repeat kinase gene 2 ( APK2) under salt stress in Arabidopsis. The protein APK2 interacts with and phosphorylates the sugar transporter STP11 during salt stress response. The phosphorylated STP11 is degraded and affects its glucose transport ability. As expected, the apk2 mutant increased salt tolerance. Importantly, salt sensitive phenotype of the stp11 mutant was recovered by the mutation of phosphorylation site Thr . These results totally indicate that APK2 regulates salt tolerance by phosphorylating STP11 protein, which then modulates STP11 protein stability and transport activity. Thus, the study reveals a new molecular mechanism underlying salt-induced stress adaptation by balancing the cellular content of soluble sugar via enhanced degradation of sugar transporter.

Background Ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) technology is a new drug and gene delivery strategy. This study investigates novel ultrasound (US) sensitive siRNA-loaded nanobubbles (siRNA-NBs) to explore the relationship between PDLIM5 mediated autophagy and drug resistance development using epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods US sensitive siRNA-NBs were designed to inhibit the expression of PDLIM5 in gefitinib-resistant human NSCLC PC9GR cells in vitro. The expression of autophagy-related proteins (P62 and LC3-II/I) and autophagosomes in PC9GR cells after PDLIM5 gene silencing were explored. Results US-sensitive PDLIM5-targeted siRNA-NBs were effectively delivered into PC9GR cells, inhibiting PDLIM5 expression, increasing LC3-II/I and p62 expressions and increasing autophagosomes in PC9GR cells in vitro. Conclusions Using UTMD, US-sensitive siRNA-NBs have the potential as an ideal delivery vector to mediate highly effective RNA interference for NSCLC cells. Furthermore, PDLIM5 plays a role in the autophagy-mediated resistance in gefitinib-resistant PC9GR cells.

Nitrate transporter (

ObjectivePostoperative delirium (POD) starts in the recovery room and occurs up to 5 days after surgery. However, the POD guidelines issued by the European Society of Anesthesiology (ESA) suggest that the effect of regional anesthesia on POD is controversial. This meta-analysis aims to investigate whether perioperative regional anesthesia reduced the incidence of POD.MethodsStandard Published randomized controlled trails (RCTs) were searched from bibliographic databases to identify all evidence that reported regional anesthesia assessing incident delirium following diverse surgeries. The primary outcome was the incidence of POD, and the secondary outcomes were POD scores, pain scores, and emergence time. The relative risk (RR) for dichotomous outcomes and the weighted or standardized mean difference (WMD, SMD) for continuous outcomes were estimated using a random-effects model.ResultsTwenty RCTs with 2110 randomized participants undergoing different surgeries were included. Meta-analysis showed that regional anesthesia was associated with less POD incidence compared to general anesthesia (total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) or inhalation anesthesia) (relative risk (RR) = 0.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.45–0.85)). Subgroup analysis showed that the decrease in POD incidence was associated with a nerve block (0.46, 95% CI = 0.32–0.67) and regional-combined-general anesthesia (0.42, 95% CI = 0.29–0.60). Regional anesthesia significantly reduced POD incidence in the recovery room after pediatric surgeries (0.41, 95% CI = 0.29–0.56). Regional anesthesia also reduced the POD score (SMD −0.93, 95% CI = −1.55 to −0.31) and pain score (SMD −0.95, 95% CI = −1.72 to −0.81). There was no significant difference in emergence time between regional anesthesia and general anesthesia (WMD −1.40, 95% CI = −3.83 to 6.63).ConclusionsThere was a significant correlation between regional anesthesia and the decrease in POD incidence, POD score, and pain score.

By virtue of environmental friendliness, low cost, and the high theoretical capacity of sulfur (1675 mAh/g), metal–sulfur batteries (MSBs), as promising next-generation rechargeable cells, have att...

© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited 2021, corrected publication 2022, The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world., This project was supported by funds from: the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Imagine Grant (to E.M.B.); the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (JSPS KAKENHI; 16h03079, 17h00875, 18k12015, and 20h04581 to Y.Y.); the research programme Dipartimenti di Eccellenza from the Ministry of Education University and Research (MIUR to N. Cellini and G.M. and the Department of General Psychology of the University of Padua); statutory funds of the University of Wroclaw (to A. Sorokowska); the Charles University Research Programme PROGRES (Q18 to M. Vranka); the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2016:0229 to J.K.O.); the Rubicon Grant (019.183sg.007 to K.v.S.) from the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research; the Australian Research Council (dp180102384 to R.M.R.); the US National Institutes of Health (NIMH111640 to M.N.-D.), the Huo Family Foundation to N.J.; the NSF Directorate for Social, Behavioral and Economic Sciences, Division of Social and Economic Sciences (1559511 to J.S.L.); the US National Institutes of Health (RO1-CA-224545 to J.S.L.); Eesti Teadusagentuur–Estonian Research Council (PSG525 to A. Uusberg); the J. William Fulbright Program (to F. Azevedo); the HSE Basic Research Program (to D. Dubrov); Dominican University (a Faculty Development Grant to A. Krafnick); and the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir supporting PSF (ANR-15-IDEX-02 to H.I.); the Slovak Research and Development Agency (project no. APVV-20-0319 to M. Adamkovič); the programme FUTURE LEADER of Lorraine Université d’Excellence within the French National Research Agency Investissements d’avenir (ANR-15-IDEX-04-LUE to S.M.). Computation for this research was assisted by: the Harvard Business School compute cluster (HBSGrid); and the Open Science Grid. The Open Science Grid is supported by the National Science Foundation award 1148698 and the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science, as well as by the compute resources and assistance of the UW-Madison Center For High Throughput Computing (CHTC) in the Department of Computer Sciences. The CHTC is supported by UW-Madison, the Advanced Computing Initiative, the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, the Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, and the National Science Foundation, and is an active member of the Open Science Grid, which is supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science.

Recently, zero-dimensional (0D) metal halides have made remarkable achievements in the field of optoelectronics due to their diverse structures and optical performances. Here, we report 0D (TBA)2Cu2I4 (TBA+ = tetrabutylammonium cation) single crystals (SCs), which shows a dual-emission band at 473 and 699 nm and a bright cool-white emission with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 72.5% at room temperature (RT). The temperature-dependent emission spectra and Raman spectra show that a dual self-trapped exciton (STE) is present in this compound, and the external thermal energy can effectively regulate the population of STEs in the two emitting states, and thus the emission color can be changed from blue at a low temperature (78 K) to a cool-white emission at RT. More specifically, (TBA)2Cu2I4 SCs possess high anti-water stability, and can maintain highly efficient emission even if immersed in water for 24 hours. Also noteworthily, the high thermal stability, air stability and photostability of this component have also been proved.

Low-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid metal halides have drawn intense attention due to their flexible structures and outstanding optical properties. However, the toxicity of lead halides hinders their future application in optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report a zero-dimensional (0D) lead-free compound of (TPA)2SbCl5 (TTA+ = tetrapropylammonium cation) single crystals (SCs), which crystallizes in a triclinic system with P symmetry. Interestingly, (TPA)2SbCl5 exhibits a single broad orange emission band at 610 nm under low-energy excitation (e.g., 375 nm) with a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 95.3%, while it shows a dual-band emission profile with an additional narrow emission band at 466 nm at high-energy excitation (e.g., 300 nm), which is formed by the transformation of the doublet of spin–orbit interactions into two individual STEs. The Raman spectra supplied clear evidence for the self-trapped exciton (STE) with clear multiphonon modes in (TPA)2SbCl5, which reflects its strong nonlinear electron–phonon coupling. The emission mechanism for the temperature-dependent dual emission can be attributed to the radiative transitions of singlet STEs and triplet STEs in [SbCl5]2− clusters. Moreover, a white-light-emitting diode (WLED) was also fabricated by mixing (TPA)2SbCl5 with green (Ba2SiO4:Eu2+) and blue (BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+) phosphors, which exhibited CIE coordinates of (3.48, 3.50), a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 4900 K, and a color rendering index (CRI) of 93.2. Our achievements illustrate that the lead-free compound of (TPA)2SbCl5 has great potential in solid-state lighting.

Great efforts have been devoted to the development of high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) to meet the requirements of emerging technologies such as electric cars, large-scale energy storage, and portable electronic devices. To this end, silicon-based electrodes have been increasingly regarded as promising electrode materials by virtue of their high theoretical capacity, low costs, environmental friendliness, and high natural abundance. It has been noted that during repeated cycling, severe challenges such as huge volume change remain to be solved prior to practical application, which boosts the development of advanced cross-linked binders via chemical bonds (CBCBs) beyond traditional PVDF binder. This is because CBCBs can effectively fix the electrode particles, inhibit the volume expansion of Si particles, and stabilize the solid electrolyte interface and thus can enable good cycling stability of silicon anode-based batteries. In light of these merits, CBCBs hence arouse much attention from both industry and academia. In this review, we present chemical/mechanical characteristics of CBCBs and systematically discuss the recent advancements of cross-linked binders via chemical bonding for silicon-based electrodes. Focus is placed on the cross-linking chemistries, construction methods and structure-performance relationships of CBCBs. Finally, the future development and performance optimization of CBCBs are proposed. This discussion will provide good insight into the structural design of CBCBs for silicon-based electrodes.

Salt stress seriously restricts the growth and yield of potatoes. Plant cystatins are vital players in biotic stress and development, however, their roles in salt stress resistance remain elusive. Here, we report that StCYS1 positively regulates salt tolerance in potato plants. An in vitro biochemical test demonstrated that StCYS1 is a bona fide cystatin. Overexpression of StCYS1 in both Escherichia coli and potato plants significantly increased their resistance to high salinity. Further analysis revealed that the transgenic plants accumulated more proline and chlorophyll under salt stress conditions. Moreover, the transgenic plants displayed higher H2O2 scavenging capability and cell membrane integrity compared with wild-type potato. These results demonstrate that StCYS1 is closely correlated with salt stress and its overaccumulation can substantially enhance salt stress resistance.

Enzymatic browning is a major issue affecting the quality of processed potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). To understand the molecular mechanism of browning, transcriptional analyses were performed by employing potatoes that differed in browning. Coexpression analysis indicated that 9 out of 15 upregulated genes in browning-less groups encoded for potato protease inhibitors (StPIs). In addition, gene otology analysis showed that the enriched terms were mainly involved in protease inhibitors. Overexpression of cysteine StPI 143 and StPI 146 individually reduced browning and lowered protease activities and tyrosine and total free amino acid (FAA) contents, but they could not decrease polyphenol oxidase activity. Moreover, supplementing exogenous tyrosine or total FAAs into transgenic potato mash to wild-type amounts promoted mash browning, browning with total FAAs, more than with tyrosine, resembling wild-type levels. These results implied that cysteine StPIs reduced browning via lowering the accumulation of FAAs in addition to tyrosine. Our findings have enriched the knowledge about the roles and mechanisms of protease inhibitors in regulating enzymatic browning of potato, which provide new ways for controlling potato browning.

Background Accurate diagnosis of unexplained cervical lymphadenopathy (CLA) using medical images heavily relies on the experience of radiologists, which is even worse for CLA patients in underdeveloped countries and regions, because of lack of expertise and reliable medical history. This study aimed to develop a deep learning (DL) radiomics model based on B-mode and color Doppler ultrasound images for assisting radiologists to improve their diagnoses of the etiology of unexplained CLA. Methods Patients with unexplained CLA who received ultrasound examinations from three hospitals located in underdeveloped areas of China were retrospectively enrolled. They were all pathologically confirmed with reactive hyperplasia, tuberculous lymphadenitis, lymphoma, or metastatic carcinoma. By mimicking the diagnosis logic of radiologists, three DL sub-models were developed to achieve the primary diagnosis of benign and malignant, the secondary diagnosis of reactive hyperplasia and tuberculous lymphadenitis in benign candidates, and of lymphoma and metastatic carcinoma in malignant candidates, respectively. Then, a CLA hierarchical diagnostic model (CLA-HDM) integrating all sub-models was proposed to classify the specific etiology of each unexplained CLA. The assistant effectiveness of CLA-HDM was assessed by comparing six radiologists between without and with using the DL-based classification and heatmap guidance. Results A total of 763 patients with unexplained CLA were enrolled and were split into the training cohort (n=395), internal testing cohort (n=171), and external testing cohorts 1 (n=105) and 2 (n=92). The CLA-HDM for diagnosing four common etiologies of unexplained CLA achieved AUCs of 0.873 (95% CI: 0.838–0.908), 0.837 (95% CI: 0.789–0.889), and 0.840 (95% CI: 0.789–0.898) in the three testing cohorts, respectively, which was systematically more accurate than all the participating radiologists. With its assistance, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of six radiologists with different levels of experience were generally improved, reducing the false-negative rate of 2.2–10% and the false-positive rate of 0.7–3.1%. Conclusions Multi-cohort testing demonstrated our DL model integrating dual-modality ultrasound images achieved accurate diagnosis of unexplained CLA. With its assistance, the gap between radiologists with different levels of experience was narrowed, which is potentially of great significance for benefiting CLA patients in underdeveloped countries and regions worldwide.

Silicon (Si) has been regarded as an alternative anode material to traditional graphite owing to its higher theoretical capacity (4200 vs. 372 mAh g−1). However, Si anodes suffer from the inherent volume expansion and unstable solid electrolyte interphase, thus experiencing fast capacity decay, which hinders their commercial application. To address this, herein, an endotenon sheath-inspired water-soluble double-network binder (DNB) is presented for resolving the bottleneck of Si anodes. The as-developed binder shows excellent adhesion, high mechanical properties, and a considerable self-healing capability mainly benefited by its supramolecular hybrid network. Apart from these advantages, this binder also induces a Li3N/LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface layer, contributing to a superior cycle stability of Si electrodes. As expected, the DNB can achieve mechanically more stable Si electrodes than traditional polyacrylic acid and pectin binders. As a result, DNB delivers superior electrochemical performance of Si/Li half cells and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/Si full cells, even with a high loading of Si electrode, to traditional polyacrylic acid and pectin binders. The bioinspired binder design provides a promising route to achieve long-life Si anode-assembled lithium batteries. "Image missing"

OBJECTIVES: To observe and assess the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in patients with iso-/hypervascular solid pancreatic lesions. METHODS: 70 pancreatic lesions (all confirmed by surgery or biopsy pathology) that manifested iso-/hyperenhancement on CEUS were retrospectively studied from January 2018 to January 2022, including 24 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC), 15 mass-forming pancreatitis (MFP), 24 pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNET) (14 hyper-PNETs, 10 iso-PNETs), and 7 solid pseudopapillary tumors of pancreas (SPTP). 65 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) that manifested hypoenhancement on CEUS were retrospectively studied from January 2020 to January 2022. CEUS patterns and the clinical and pathologic features were analyzed, and the diagnostic ability of CEUS for iso/hyperenhanced solid pancreatic lesions was assessed. RESULTS: Centripetal enhancement, heterogeneous enhancement, early washout, and hypoenhancement in the late phase mostly appeared in iso-/hyper-PDACs (p

Recently, cuprous halide perovskite-type materials have drawn tremendous attention for their intriguing optical properties. Here, a zero-dimensional (0D) Cu(I)-based compound of [(C

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease that makes breathing difficult and is often accompanied by abdominal pain and distension. Moxibustion, a special external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine, has shown beneficial effects in the treatment of abdominal pain. Currently, there is a lack of systematic reviews on moxibustion for the treatment of abdominal pain. We conduct this study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of moxibustion in the treatment of abdominal pain. This study is designed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for abdominal pain in COVID-19. Methods: Randomized controlled trials from December 2019 to December 2021 will be included, without restrictions on language or publication date. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Databases, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, and VIP Database were searched. Two researchers will independently select studies, extract data, and evaluate study quality. The Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials will be used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Statistical analyses will be conducted using the RevMan 5.3 software. Results: This study aimed to prove the efficacy and safety of moxibustion for abdominal pain in patients with COVID-19. Our study provides a more accurate treatment method for abdominal pain during COVID-19. We will publish our results in a peer-reviewed journal. Conclusion: This study will provide more convincing evidence for clinicians to treat these conditions and help them make appropriate decisions. Ethics and dissemination: This study did not include personal information. Ethical approval was not required for this study. INPLASY registration number: INPLASY2021120104.

High-voltage spinel manganese oxide LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) that possesses high energy densities, high thermal and electrochemical stabilities, good operating safeties, low costs, and good rate perfo...