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Sales, product design, and engineering teams benefit immensely from better understanding customer perspectives. How do customers combine a product's technical specifications (i.e., engineered attributes) to form abstract product benefits (i.e., meta-attributes)? To address this question, the authors use machine learning and natural language processing to develop a methodological framework that extracts a hierarchy of product attributes based on contextual information of how attributes are expressed in consumer reviews. The attribute hierarchy reveals linkages between engineered attributes and meta-attributes within a product category, enabling flexible sentiment analysis that can identify how consumers receive meta-attributes, and which engineered attributes are main drivers. The framework can guide managers to monitor only portions of review content that are relevant to specific attributes of interest. Moreover, managers can compare products within and between brands, where different names and attribute combinations are often associated with similar benefits. The authors apply the framework to the tablet computer category to generate dashboards and perceptual maps and provide validations of the attribute hierarchy using both primary and secondary data. Resultant insights allow the exploration of substantive questions, such as how Apple improved successive generations of iPads and why Hewlett-Packard and Toshiba discontinued their tablet product lines.

Нормативні вимоги до оцінки сейсмостійкості елементів енергоблоків атомних електростанцій передбачають необхідність врахування різних технологічних умов експлуатації в сполученні із сейсмічними впливами. Раніше вже були проаналізовані переваги та недоліки запропонованого експлуатуючою організацією узагальненого алгоритму дій щодо визначення необхідності (або її відсутності) врахування різних сполучень експлуатаційних та сейсмічних навантажень. Встановлено, що вказаний аспект потребує ґрунтовного дослідження для тепломеханічного обладнання, сейсмостійкість якого підтверджена методом GIP-ВВЕР, зокрема: вплив несейсмічних навантажень у разі порушення нормальної експлуатації та проєктної аварії на існуючі результати оцінки сейсмостійкості тепломеханічного обладнання методом GIP-ВВЕР. До того, не вирішеним залишилось також питання коректного визначення технологічних параметрів, які відповідають порушенню нормальної експлуатації та проєктній аварії, для систем та елементів енергоблоків атомних електростанцій, для яких в технологічному регламенті безпечної експлуатації енергоблока не встановлені умови та межі безпечної експлуатації. У статті містяться методологічні підходи до вирішення вказаних проблемних питань. Стаття входить до циклу публікацій в журналі «Ядерна та радіаційна безпека», присвячених розгляду нормативних вимог до сполучень експлуатаційних та сейсмічних навантажень під час оцінки сейсмостійкості різноманітних елементів атомних електростанцій.

The Federal Government's incentive to provide local food in the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) came with the enactment of Law No. 11,947/2009 which determines the use of at least 30% of the financial resources of this public policy for the acquisition of food from Family Farm. The purchase process must be done by public call, however, nutritionists, who are technically responsible of the PNAE Executing Entities, have encountered difficulties in applying the specifications of foodstuffs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specifications of foodstuffs in the public call for the PNAE destined to state schools in indigenous areas and in traditional communities of the capital and the inland of the State of Amazonas in 2021. The exploratory-descriptive study was carried out with a mixed approach, based on the analysis of public notices issued by the State Education and Sports Department of Amazonas. The results of the analyses show that beans, bananas and fruit pulps were the most detailed in the public call. When the general attributes of the food were evaluated, the findings indicate non-conformities of the specifications according to Technical Note No. 5007/2016. It was found that 93.48% of the foods were classified with insufficient adequacies. It was concluded that most of the foodstuffs described in the public call were not in compliance with PNAE legislation. These results reinforce the importance of the participation of the nutricionist’s in the management and execution of the PNAE, especially in the monitoring and elaboration of public calls for the purchase of foodstuffs, guaranteeing safe and quality food for schoolchildren.

The problem of improving the quality of forecasting the cost of measuring equipment is considered. The main methods and models for forecasting the cost of measuring equipment, as well as the main factors that determine the cost are described. A method for calculating the cost of promising measuring equipment, which allows taking into account its technical specifications, has been developed. Methods for calculating the nonlinear dependence of the cost of measuring equipment on its technical specifications are suggested. As an example, additive and multiplicative models of the cost of generators of high-frequency signals and spectrum analyzers as functions of the technical specifications of these devices are considered.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in finding a noninvasive method to induce the acceleration of dental movement, methods such as low intensity vibrations, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and low-level laser therapy (LLLT). There have been multiple studies on the efficacy of LLLT in animal models, in vitro and in patients without conclusive results. Objective: Evaluate the state of the art on the use of LLLT to increase the rate of the orthodontic tooth movement to create a concise reference guide of the different laser and protocols available. Materials and Methods: We searched online databases for articles with the keywords LLLT, LLLI, OTM, photobiomodulation. Results: We found conflicting information as to the efficacy of LLLT to accelerate OTM. There is no consensus in the way the irradiation should be performed. Conclusions: The lack of a standardized irradiation protocol makes it hard to compare conflicting results, even in cases where the laser have the same technical specifications.

Resumen La enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico (ERGE) se define como el tránsito anormal del contenido gástrico hacia el esófago, que se da por una alteración de la barrera antirreflujo, causando síntomas o complicaciones. Para su correcto diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico, se requiere de la integración de hallazgos clínicos, endoscópicos y monitorización del pH esofágico en 24 horas con o sin impedanciometría, la cual debe ser realizada con especificaciones técnicas, y su interpretación debe basarse en la mejor evidencia clínica disponible, con el objetivo de tener diagnósticos precisos que permitan tomar las mejores decisiones con los pacientes. Recientemente, en el Consenso de Lyon se han incorporado nuevas directrices para el diagnóstico de ERGE por monitorización de pH esofágico, las cuales se revisan en este artículo. Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined as the abnormal transit of gastric contents into the esophagus. It is caused by an alteration of the anti-reflux barrier, causing multiple symptoms or complications. In order to achieve accurate diagnosis and proper therapeutic approach, integration of clinical findings, endoscopic findings and 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring, with or without impedancometry, is required. These tests must be performed following technical specifications and their interpretation must be based on the best clinical evidence available to obtain accurate diagnoses that allow making the best decisions to the benefit of patients. Recently, the Lyon Consensus incorporated new guidelines for the diagnosis of GERD by esophageal pH monitoring, which are reviewed in this paper.

The simulation of vehicle chassis system is widely deployed at the early stage of a new car development project in order to verify if the technical specifications such as durability and comfort of ...

The task of the automated formation of technical specifications within the framework of a given resource and raw material supply is performed using algorithms with a predetermined structure, which are aimed at minimizing the difference between a certain documented model and the existing situation. However, in conditions when an approximation to a given model is impossible due to a lack of resources and raw materials, such algorithms do not fulfill the task. To solve this problem, the article proposes to develop a principle for creating variable algorithms based on the creation of processes for constructing actions. A template of the variational standard model and the rules for its customization by the user are required. The mechanism of action acts as a template for the model of a variable standard. A variational standard is a method of forming an assessment of the desired state of a target object, which can be achieved taking into account the existing restrictions due to raw materials, resources and standards. Mathematically, this task can be reduced to finding the extremum of the objective function with quantitative arguments, however, in contrast to this, the article proposes a solution to the problem for a function with mixed (qualitative and quantitative arguments).

The air medical transport of intubated patients is a high-risk mission that requires preplanning before helicopter launch. This case describes a scenario in which the helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) team was unable to ventilate a patient because of the mechanical limitations of the transport ventilator. The HEMS mission was ultimately aborted, and the patient had to be transported by a ground crew equipped with a hospital-based ventilator. In addition to the optimal medical management of the patient in status asthmaticus, critical care transport crews must be familiar with the treatment of patients exhibiting extremely high peak airway pressures. Specifically, ventilator manipulations as well as the technical specifications of the transport ventilator may preclude the patient from being transported by the HEMS team. It is imperative that the patient's current ventilator setting be evaluated before the launch of the aircraft to prevent any possible delays in patient care.

Purpose. To formulate science-based requirements for the design and technical characteristics of the compressed air foam generating systems and develop their testing technique. Methods. Theoretical analysis, technical inspection, field tests. Findings. As a result of the research work carried out jointly with the Open Joint Stock Company «MINSK MOTOR PLANT» Holding Managing Company an experimental model of the compressed air foam generating system was developed and manufactured. Science-based requirements for the design and technical characteristics for this system have been formulated. It has been established that the experimental model of the compressed air foam generating system provides operation in the following basic modes: water supply for fire extinguishing; delivery of the wetting agent solution for fire extinguishing; compressed air foam supply for fire extinguishing; compressed air supply for operation of pneumatic rescue tools and equipment. Application field of research. The formulated science-based requirements for the design and technical characteristics of the compressed air foam generating system and the developed testing technique will be used in technical specifications during production at the OJSC «MINSK MOTOR PLANT» Holding Managing Company as well as other enterprises.

The article discusses issues related to the introduction of additional engineering information into the digital model of the product. It is known that technical conditions and dimensions are an integral part of any drawing, and the expansion of the possibilities for presenting engineering data as part of a digital model allows you to get rid of drawing documents. Most software systems for enterprises use the specified functionality in models, but the transfer of data (models and technical conditions in them) is difficult between systems. An example is exporting data from NX CAD to Solid Works. The proposed solutions in this article make it possible to transfer the technical conditions and the required model by means of a software solution and developed methods based on the functionality of the geometric kernel of Open Cascade.

One of the important properties of industrial radiographic films that determine the clarity of the resulting image is granularity. In the technical specifications for any industrial radiographic film, the manufacturer is obliged to provide information on granularity in addition to other characteristics such as sensitivity to radiation and contrast, and the companies that attest radiographic films must evaluate it. This is required by the international standard ISO 11699-1: 2008. The granularity value (among other characteristics) determines the belonging of the radiographic film to a certain class, and, consequently, the possibility of using the film in X-ray or gamma tetsing of certain objects. To assess the granularity, specific equipment and adherence to the technology of this process, regulated by ISO 11699-1: 2008, is required. The article provides information on the assessment of granularity by means of the developed stand with dummies of the optical system and the data collection system in automatic and manual modes. The developed stand was used to assess the granularity of the D5 (Agfa) radiographic film. The obtained experimental data coincide within the permissible range with the data specified in the certificate of conformity to international standards.

Objectives The objective of this study was to introduce the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), to describe use cases of SNOMED CT with the barriers and facilitators, and finally, to propose strategies for adopting and implementing SNOMED CT in Korea as a member of SNOMED International. Methods We reviewed a collection of SNOMED CT documents, such as introductory materials, practical guides, technical specifications, and reference materials provided by SNOMED International and the literature on SNOMED CT published by researchers to identify use cases of SNOMED CT with barriers and facilitators. We also surveyed the attendees of SNOMED CT education and training series offered by the Korea Human Resource Development Institute for Health and Welfare to identify perceived barriers to adopting SNOMED CT in Korea. Results We identified the barriers and facilitators to adopt SNOMED CT experienced by international terminology experts and prospective Korean users. They were related to governance and infrastructure, support services for use, education and training programs, use cases, and vendor capability to implement SNOMED CT. Based on these findings, we identified strategies for adopting and implementing SNOMED CT in Korea. They included the establishment of SNOMED CT management infrastructure, the development of SNOMED CT education and training programs for various user groups, the provision of support services for SNOMED CT use, and the development of SNOMED CT use cases. Conclusions These strategies for the adoption and implementation of SNOMED CT need to be executed step by step.

Environmental monitoring data for tire road wear particles are vastly limited compared to those for other microplastics, primarily due to analytical challenges with quantification. Recently, two ISO technical specifications have been released using pyrolysis GC-MS for quantification. However, these methods have major assumptions, including that the content of natural and synthetic rubber in tire tread is constant across formulations and that the pyrolysis products chosen are selective. This study analyzed a wide range of commercially available tires from Australia and Norway, using pyrolysis GC-MS to test these assumptions. The percent mass of synthetic rubber in tires (n = 39) was highly variable, ranging from

A device for treating in vitro cultures of stem cells and neuroblasts with weak electric fields has been developed. The purpose of the treatment is to control the process of cell differentiation, as well as the growth and orientation of neurites. The structure of the device and the electric circuit of its output stage are described, together with the main technical specifications and the operation of the device.

Introduction: Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Beijing Xinfadi Wholesale Market, a series of COVID-19 outbreaks has indicated the threat of transmission due to outer surfaces of objects under low temperatures. Therefore, 2 kinds of chlorine-containing disinfectants for -18 degrees C and -40 degrees C were developed in order to solve the problem of low temperature disinfection. Methods: The properties of two cryogenic disinfectants were evaluated by low-temperature test. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used as two indicator microorganisms to evaluate the effects of the two cryogenic disinfectants in the laboratory and field tests according to Technical Specifications for Disinfection (2002 version) and Test method for bactericidal effect of disinfectants in laboratory (GB/T 38502-2020). Results: Two disinfectants could remain in the liquid state at -18 degrees C or -40 degrees C in 72 hours without crystallization and precipitation, and the average log values of microbial reduction before and after disinfection (the average killing log value) both on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were >3 in the laboratory and field tests. Discussion: The results showed that these two disinfectants remained functional at low temperature to disinfect the packaging of imported cold chain food and surrounding packaging to prevent transmission of COVID-19 from material to people.

HighlightsHorizontal distribution according ISO Standard 16119 is a measurement procedure to evaluate boom sprayers.ISO Standards 5682-1 and 5682-2 establish technical requirements for horizontal patternators.In this study, three types of patternators were evaluated to test their capability to meet the standards.The evaluated patternators showed similar results for spray distribution patterns.Minor deviations from ISO Standard 5682 did not imply differences according ISO Standard 16119.Abstract. Uniformity of spray volume distribution is one of the officially established measurements for the evaluation of horizontal boom sprayers according to ISO Standard 16119 and requirements established by ISO Standard 16122. Measurement of spray distribution patterns requires the use of specific devices such as horizontal patternators, which are included in the technical specifications for ISO Standards 5682-1 and 5682-2. Three such devices were tested, including two manual patternators (fixed and mobile) and one electronic patternator. According to information provided by the manufacturers, all three patternators align with ISO requirements. This study evaluated and compared the results obtained with the three patternators. Specifically, the horizontal distributions measured by the patternators were evaluated and compared using four nozzle types (XR 11003, AIXR 11003, TTJ60 11003, and AITTJ60 11003), three boom heights, and three operating pressures. Tests were conducted to quantify single-nozzle spray patterns, the coefficient of variation (CV) of the entire boom distribution, the liquid recovery capability of the three patternators, and the ability to simulate the entire boom spray distribution from a single-nozzle spray pattern. Results demonstrated correct functioning of all three patternators, resulting in identical conclusions considering the requirements established in the ISO standards. The CV values of the horizontal distributions were less than 10% for all cases. Moreover, the trends in values for all the evaluated factors (nozzle type, boom height, and operating pressure) were the same, independent of the patternator used. Keywords: ISO 16119, ISO 16122, ISO 5682, Liquid recovery, Nozzle spray pattern, Patternator, Spray boom, Transverse distribution, Uniformity.

The new concept of safety is reflected and developed in order to improve the safety of railway traffic in the newly created open market. In the new business conditions, subsystems related to freight cars must also meet a number of conditions in order to have a safe traffic, which are mainly related to technical specifications - TSIs. It is also very important to provide uniform procedures related to freight cars maintenance (ECM). The development of risk assessment and risk management methods has made it possible to replace reactive safety control methods with a modern proactive and systematic approach to safety management. In the new concept of safety and in accordance with the recommendations of the European Union and common methods for risk evaluation and assessment, it is necessary to perform risk assessment in railway transport, even in the subsystem of freight cars.

Stratospheric airship is a special near-space air vehicle which has lots of advantages than other traditional flying aircrafts, such as long endurance, strong survival ability, low cost, excellent resolution detector etc. In addition, the stratospheric airship can be an ideal stratospheric bearing platform. This paper firstly gave an overview describing some technical differences between the stratospheric airship and the traditional airship, including the working environment, design specifications, structure characteristics, energy system, flying modes, and so on. Some technical difficulties including the materials, power system which apply to the stratospheric airship and deformation of the huge hull, super-heating effect, and station-keeping were discussed. Furthermore, technical target, technical specifications, design concept, and overview of flying tested about two stratospheric demonstration airships which were representative achievements of the research on the stratospheric airship in China were introduced. Finally, the predictions about the progress and direction of development were discussed.

JSC "The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy" in 2019 carried out scientific, scientific-technical, organizational activities in the field of development, verification of national standards for refractories, harmonized with ISO standards, provided scientific-methodological, information and consulting services for the provision of normative documentation at the request of refractory enterprises in Ukraine.The Institute organized and coordinated the activities of TC 7 "Refractories", prepared a work plan and reports on the work done by TC in 2019.In 2019, JSC "The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy" developed five new specifications and 10 changes to the current technical specifications for serial refractory products manufactured by refractory enterprises in Ukraine. 1 new technical specification for serial refractory products, developed by PrJSC "KDZ", was checked and approved. Two new technical specifications and 5 changes to the current technical specifications for pilot refractory products manufactured by JSC "The URIR named after A. S. Berezhnoy" were developed. Changes to technical specifications and new technical specifications developed in concordance with requirements of the modern system to standardizations of the Ukraine (SОU КZPS 74.9-02568182-003:2016, DSTU 1.5:2015, SOU MPP 01.120-090:2005), have been endorsed by manufacturers and enterprise consumers, tested for compliance with current legislation, technical regulations and regulatory documents and entered into the database "Technical conditions of Ukraine" — SE "Kharkivstandardmetrology", and approved by the technical committee TC 7 «Refractories».

Previous research has proposed various rein­forcement learning algorithms. However, scientists suggest more research should be put into the safety mechanisms of these algorithms. There have been several efforts to turn these mechanisms into technical specifications to make direct progress in this field possible. The focus of this paper is to test reinforcement learning algorithms and their modifications (DQN, A2C, and SAC Discrete) for safe interruptibility. The environment the algorithms were trained in is proposed in AI Safety Gridworlds paper. The results show that the tested reinforcement learning algorithms are all safely interruptible with hyperparameter settings proposed in this paper. The only limitation is that training has to be monitored and stopped in the right moment for algorithms to be safely interruptible.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) are extracorporeal therapeutic procedures often implemented in management of patients. Critically ill patients may be afflicted with disease processes that require both TPE and CKRT. Performing TPE discontinuous with CKRT is technically easier, however, it disrupts CKRT and may compromise with CKRT efficiency or hemofilter life. Concurrent TPE with CKRT offers several advantages including simultaneous control of disease process and correction of electrolyte, fluid, and acid-base disturbances that may accompany TPE. Additionally, TPE may be performed by either centrifugation method or membrane plasma separation method. The technical specifications of these methods may influence the methodology of concurrent connections. This report describes and reviews two different approaches to circuit arrangements when establishing concurrent TPE and CKRT.

Most Internet of Things (IoT) devices are powered by electrical grids. Therefore, the supply of power to these devices is interrupted by critical grid failures, which can occur during natural disasters. To support the development of IoT devices that can operate during disasters, the most commonly used energy systems were evaluated. In this study, lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells were compared to evaluate and compare their operation time, output power, and general technical specifications. The operating time of the fuel cell 10W was 57 min because of the failure, which was shorter than the other systems. Moreover, an IoT device using Raspberry Pi was evaluated to determine the optimal energy system. Currently, batteries are more cost-effective, however as the cost of fuel cells comes down, the higher power density will be valuable.

El problema del patrimonio instrumento indispensable de conocimiento y de su tutela revisten cada vez mayor importancia en el debate contemporáneo en cuanto testimonio identitario de formas de vida y de culturas, conscientes de que no es posible en la arquitectura garantizar el conocimiento de la cultura del pasado si no es conservando la materia que lo atestigua.El presente artículo aborda el tema del régimen de protección y conservación del patrimonio arquitectónico en la República Argentina con el objetivo de analizar el desarrollo de los instrumentos de protección (políticas patrimoniales) a nivel nacional, Argentina, y principalmente a nivel local de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hace un análisis preliminar de la legislación existente, desde las primeras normativas de preservación hasta aquellas actualmente vigentes.Examina su desarrollo y sus límites, trazando la historia de las medidas adoptadas y evaluando la eficacia de las especificaciones técnicas que, aunque referidas a la situación argentina, adquieren un significado universal.

Chassis technical specifications such as durability and ride comfort are the focuses during vehicle development projects. Additionally, robustness is also important as it is related to manufacturin...

Описываются решения задач определения оптимальных технологических параметров морских нефтеперевалочных комплексов с использованием разработанной автором мелодики определения простоев судов с привлечением приоритетных моделей систем массового обслуживания и вычисления параметров помех по метеофакторам как потока случайных событий. К основным параметрам относятся: загрузка нефтепричалов, их количество, а также вместимость резервуарного парка припортовых нефтебаз. В основу нахождения оптимума положен тот факт, что при росте объёма перерабатываемых грузов растёт и число обрабатываемых судов, а значит в условиях морской стихии штормов, ураганов и т.д. растут и их простои, то есть непроизводительные затраты. При увеличении числа причалов и объёмов резервуарного парка увеличиваются объёмы перевалки грузов, но и увеличиваются затраты на строительство и эксплуатацию причалов в первом случае и резервуаров во втором случае. Вычисление всех этих экономических категорий и получение их оптимальных соотношений и позволяет решить искомую задачу – нахождение оптимальных величин основных параметров нефтеперевалочных комплексов. Ключевые слова: Нефтеперевалочный комплекс, простои судов., загрузка., число причалов, объём резервуарного парка, оптимальный параметр, доходы. The article describes problem solving for defining the optimal basic technical specifications for sea oil terminals, using author’s methodic for measuring demurrage, using priority models of queueing theory and calculation of interference characteristics based on meteorological factors, interpreted as stream of random events. Basic characteristics are: dock loading, their quantity and capacity of reservoir park of maritime oil bases. Optimum findings are based on a fact, which states that growth of processed goods amount leads to the growth of processed vehicles amount, which means that in conditions of sea hazards, storms, hurricanes, etc. demurrage - unproductive expenditures - will also rise.Growth of dock number and reservoir park capacity will lead to growth of processed goods capacity, but will also rise construction and operation costs for docks in the first case and reservoirs - in the second case. Calculation of all these economic evaluations and finding of their optimal ratio allows us to solve the basic task - to find optimal numbers for basic technical specifications for sea oil terminals.

UHD-1/4K and UHD-2/8K satellite broadcasts were launched on 1 December 2018 in Japan. One of these services, the broadcast of UHD-2/8K was the first of its kind in the world. This broadcasting system adopts high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) with highly efficient compression performance, a newly developed (Integrated Services Digital Broadcasting) ISDB-S3 transmission system, which uses the 16APSK modulation scheme and other new technologies. In this paper, we provide details of the new UHD-1/4K and UHD-2/8K services, focusing on standardizing technical specifications and practical ways to introduce new reception systems into households .

Within the national project “Safe and quality automobile roads” realization a big number of bridge passages will be constructed, including steel road bridges with small (14–42 m) spans instead of reinforced concrete bridges. Application of metal rolled products of 10ХСНД, 15ХСНД, 10ХСНДА, 15ХСНДА steels in the steel structures of bridges with small spans results in unreasonable increase the costs of the bridges structures. This circumstance stipulates necessity to elaboration and implementation of cheap lean alloy steel for manufacturing standard short-spanned bridges. The steel production should involve minimal and lean alloying method and ensure complex of operation properties in normalized state. At JSC “Ural Steel” an experiment work was accomplished for elaboration lean alloy steel 12Г2СБД due to STO 13657842-1 having standard yield strength 345 MPa. In cooperation with NIZ “Mosty”, OJSC “CNIIS” and CNIIchermet after I.P. Bardin technical specifications of plates for short-spanned bridges were elaborated and approved. Comprehensive technology of 12Г2СБД steel plate production was elaborated. A trial batch of 12Г2СБД steel plates was produced and shipped to ZAO “Kurganstalmost”. Study of welding and technological characteristics of the trial batch plates was carried out. The study showed, that the plates of 12Г2СБД steel have low sensitiveness against heat action of a welding thermal cycle and can be used in welding structures of steel bridge spans providing keeping the plant and assembling welding technology by standard regimes (due to welding technology of steel 10–15ХСНД). Application of the plant and assembling technology at welding by standard regimes makes it possible to use the plates of the elaborated steel for manufacturing metal structures of short-spanned metal bridges for various weather conditions. The plated can be used for both a regular performance (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –40 °С inclusive) and a northern performance Zone A (the calculated minimum temperature is down to –50 °С inclusive).

A technological process for renovation and repair of plunger pumps is developed. Technical specifications and technical conditions for repairs and the equipment for conducting the repairs and inspection of repaired pumps are prepared. The effectiveness of the proposed technology, by means of which the service life of the pumps may be increased, is demonstrated.

The aim of this study was to review and compare the physical and technical specifications of all cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanners for extremity imaging present on the Russian and European markets. Information on the physical and technical specifications of each device was obtained from official open sources. In most cases, it was additionally verified by representatives of manufacturing companies. The review includes 8 devices from 5 manufacturers. All available physical and technical specifications of CBCT scanners for extremity imaging have been systematized and analyzed.

In this paper, the existing techniques for testing the environmental health of the Metalworking Fluids (MWFs) are reviewed. Metalworking Fluids (MWFs) are used in various metal cutting operations as coolants and lubricants. A comprehensive evaluation is carried out on existing standard testing techniques of the Metalworking fluids for biodegradability and eco-toxicity. The existing standards are sufficiently available to test the biodegradability and eco-toxicity of MWFs, many of which are based on the OECD test guidelines. Various standard biodegradability testing classifications are demonstrated in a tree diagram and all the available standard tests for biodegradability and eco-toxicity are tabulated in this paper along with their technical specifications. A Flow chart was drawn to differentiate between screening and simulation tests. The flow chart also helps to take decisions on the selection of tests for ready and inherent biodegradation of MWFs. This paper provides study on aquatic toxicity testing techniques as well.

Freezing is an essential step in food production and processing. It can dampen seasonal fluctuations for products that are not available all year round and make them available also during the off-season. After storing the product for a certain amount of time in a frozen state, it has to be further processed. Therefore thawing is another crucial step in food production and processing. Thawing is a challenging task since it affects the quality of the final product. Thawing (and freezing) are bottlenecks in the production and processing chain influencing the profitability, environmental impact, and, ultimately, the product quality. An example could be that the product is in the thawer longer than necessary and hence utilizes more energy than needed with implications on the product quality and to some minor degree also on the environment. In this chapter, thawing methods are presented concerning their functional principles, technical specifications, and to some degree, also quality-preserving factors. Two main principles exist, namely, methods, which provide heat/energy to the frozen product only via the boundary layers, and methods that generate heat inside the product. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, but the methods providing heat via the product’s boundary layers are typically used in large-scale industrial applications.

Objective - to outline the basic ideas about the conditions and results of the burning of human corpses and the potential possibilities of a forensic medical examination of the burned remains. It is impossible to burn the corpse of an adult to a state of only homogeneous ash not only on the fire, but also in special crematorium chambers. After the burning of the corpse, ash and bone fragments remain in a state of black, gray and white heat. The state of the cremated remains allows, at least, establishing the number of incinerated corpses, their species and anatomical affiliation. Reconstruction of the conditions of corpse burning is possible only within the framework of a comprehensive forensic examination with the participation of specialists in the field of fire-technical affairs and forensic medical experts. The exclusive competence of specialists in the field of fire-technical affairs is the verification of the conditions of combustion (type and volume of fuel, technical features of combustion, duration of cremation, etc.).Работы — дать основное представление об условиях и результатах сжигания трупов людей и потенциальных возможностях судебно-медицинской экспертизы сожженных останков. Сжечь труп взрослого человека до состояния только однородной золы невозможно на костре и даже в специальных камерах крематория. После сжигания трупа остаются зола и костные фрагменты в состоянии черного, серого и белого каления. Состояние кремированных останков позволяет, как минимум, установить число сожженных трупов, их видовую и анатомическую принадлежность. Реконструкция условий сжигания трупа возможна только в рамках комплексной судебной экспертизы с участием специалистов в области пожарно-технического дела и судебно-медицинских экспертов. Исключительной компетенцией специалистов в области пожарно-технического дела являются верификация условий сжигания (вид и объем примененного топлива, технические особенности сжигания, продолжительность и т.п.).

Despite the advantages that robot-assisted surgery can offer to patient care, its use in ophthalmic surgery has not yet progressed to the extent seen in other fields. As such, its use remains limited to research environments, both basic and clinical. The technical specifications for such ophthalmic surgical robots are highly challenging, but rapid progress has been made in recent years, and recent developments in this field ensure that the use of this technology in operating theatres will soon be a real possibility. Fully automated ocular microsurgery, carried out by a robot under the supervision of a surgeon, is likely to become our new reality. This review discusses the use of robot-assisted ophthalmic surgery, the recent progress in the field, and the necessary future developments which must occur before its use in operating theatres becomes routine.Trotz der Vorteile der robotergestützten Chirurgie bei der Krankenbehandlung ist ihr Einsatz in der Augenchirurgie noch nicht so weit fortgeschritten wie in anderen medizinischen Bereichen. Der Einsatz robotergestützter Chirurgie in der Augenheilkunde beschränkt sich zurzeit noch auf die Grundlagenforschung und die klinische Forschung. Die technischen Spezifikationen für Chirurgieroboter, die in der Augenheilkunde eingesetzt werden könnten, sind sehr anspruchsvoll, aber es wurden rasche Fortschritte in den letzten Jahren erzielt, und die neuesten Entwicklungen auf diesem Gebiet deuten darauf hin, dass der Einsatz dieser Technologie im Operationssaal bald eine reale Möglichkeit sein könnte. Die vollautomatisierte, von einem Roboter unter Aufsicht eines Chirurgen durchgeführte, okulare Mikrochirurgie wird wahrscheinlich unsere neue Realität werden. Dieser Übersichtsartikel diskutiert den Einsatz robotergestützter Augenchirurgie, die kürzlich erzielten Fortschritte auf diesem Gebiet und die notwendigen Entwicklungen, die in der Zukunft stattfinden müssen, bevor diese Technologie routinemäßig im Operationssaal eingesetzt werden kann.

The use of Reclaimed Asphalt (RA) into new asphalt mixtures becomes an inevitable step for sustainable infrastructure. Saving natural, non-renewable materials, such as bitumen and aggregates, the asphalt industry is moving forward with more recycling. Although asphalt is a 100% reusable material, high recycling rates are not yet easily achievable due to many limitations, going from technical specifications through RA properties to asphalt plant capabilities. The rate of RA, which may be used within a new asphalt mixture, depends on many aspects: variability, moisture and fines contents, presence of polymers, brittleness of aged binder, etc. The latter is directly linked to the degree of the RA binder ageing. As higher RA content increases the asphalt mixture stiffness, the material becomes more brittle and prone to cracking. The use of recycling additives is taking recycling to the next level by solving these issues. With the growing need of the industry for asphalt recycling agents, many products have appeared on the market with different effects. In this study, three asphalt recycling agents (two industrial and one alternative) were used as rejuvenators. Blends with 50% of rejuvenated RA binder (RAb) and virgin binder were subjected to different ageing levels: short (RTFOT), long (PAV for 20 h) and prolonged (PAV for 60 h). After each ageing level, physical, rheological and chemical properties were evaluated addressing the ageing behaviour of the additives used. Testing results showed that one industrial additive lost almost all its properties after prolonged ageing, whereas the other additives showed comparable results with the second industrial product.

Natural language processing techniques have proven to be useful for analysis of technical specifications documents. One such technique, information extraction (IE), can help automate the analysis of software systems requirement specifications (SysRS) by extracting structured information from unstructured or semi-structured natural language data, allowing for requirements to be converted into formal logic. Current IE techniques are not designed for SysRS data, and often do not extract the information needed for requirements formalization. In this work, we introduce an IE method specifically designed for SysRS data. We provide a description of our approach, analysis of the technique on a set of real requirements, example of how information obtained using our technique can be converted into a formal logic representation, and discussion of our technique and its benefits in automated SysRS analysis tasks.

Business documents are central to the operation of all organizations, and they come in all shapes and sizes: project reports, planning documents, technical specifications, financial statements, meeting minutes, legal agreements, contracts, resumes, purchase orders, invoices, and many more. The ability to read, understand and interpret these documents, referred to here as Document Intelligence (DI), is challenging due to not only many domains of knowledge involved, but also their complex formats and structures, internal and external cross references deployed, and even less-than-ideal quality of scans and OCR oftentimes performed on them. This workshop aims to explore and advance the current state of research and practice in answering these challenges.

In this paper, the implementation of static magnetic field on lubrication cooling technological condition in the machining process is discussed. Moreover, the new construction of UMD-1 and SMD-2 magnetizing devices is given in the article. Nowadays, increasing the wear resistance of cutting tools used in metal cutting processes is one of the controversial issues of the manufacturing industry. Using the effect of magnetic field on lubricating cooling technological condition can be a modern solution to this problem. For this purpose, the authors designed a new device for magnetizing flowing lubrication cooling liquids in the machining process. Technical specifications of UMD-1 and SMD-2 magnetizing devices are also given in the paper.

Safety is one of the most important basic needs for mankind, satisfying the need for safety increases stability and leads to a high living standard in a protected environment. The most popular security solution nationwide is the video surveillance system. In the present paper a study on the power consumption of a video surveillance system is proposed. With an experience of over 14 years in the field of security systems, the authors choose for analysis the most common video surveillance system installed in the residential buildings, both in terms of the number of video cameras installed and the technical specifications of the equipment.

In order to help basketball players to carry out training more efficiently and reasonably, and obtain the technical specifications of their shootings timely in training, this paper constructs a shooting detection algorithm to assist basketball players in training. Firstly, Hough transform algorithm is applied to the shooting video to detect the trajectory of the basketball in the shooting. By analyzing the basketball trajectory, it is found that the best shooting angle should be 49° to 51°. Then, the basic principles of HOG feature and SVM are studied, and the HOG feature of basketball hit and miss is extracted to train the SVM classifier. Finally, the training model was tested, and the classification accuracy of basketball hit or miss was 91.75%. This study will help the basketball players in their training and also could be applied to other ball games.

This paper aims to present Transelectrica’s concept of augmented reality, based on a series of technical specifications adapted to the digitization requirements of the Company and highlighting the benefits of implementing this technology. Through this study, there will be identified the work processes within the operation and maintenance activities that are subject to the risk of human errors due to the lack of clear and effective training, or the assistance of an expert. The proposed solution is to implement the concept of augmented reality on equipments installed in transmission substations. A demo version will be presented, which can then be replicated in other pilot projects of the Company.