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1. A role for BATF3 in TH9 differentiation and T-cell-driven mucosal pathologies

Author

Tsuda, Masato, Hamade, Hussein, Thomas, Lisa S, Salumbides, Brenda C, Potdar, Alka A, Wong, Michelle H, Nunnelee, Jordan S, Stamps, Jasmine T, Neutzsky-Wulff, Anita Vibsig, Barrett, Robert J, Wang, Yizhou, Tang, Jie, Funari, Vincent A, Targan, Stephan R, and Michelsen, Kathrin S

Subjects
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15, Helper-Inducer, T-Lymphocytes, Cells, Knockout, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Immunology, Inbred C57BL, Lymphocyte Activation, Medical and Health Sciences, Antibodies, Promoter Regions, Mice, Genetic, Underpinning research, Genetics, Animals, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neutralizing, Inflammation, Cultured, Inflammatory and immune system, Interleukin-9, Cell Differentiation, Biological Sciences, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Repressor Proteins, Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, Signal Transduction, Protein Binding
Abstract

T helper 9 (TH9) cells are important for the development of inflammatory and allergic diseases. The TH9 transcriptional network converges signals from cytokines and antigen presentation but is incompletely understood. Here, we identified TL1A, a member of the TNF superfamily, as a strong inducer of mouse and human TH9 differentiation. Mechanistically, TL1A induced the expression of the transcription factors BATF and BATF3 and facilitated their binding to the Il9 promoter leading to enhanced secretion of IL-9. BATF- and BATF3-deficiencies impaired IL-9 secretion under TH9 and TH9-TL1A-polarizing conditions. In vivo, using a T-cell transfer model, we demonstrated that TL1A promoted IL-9-dependent, TH9 cell-induced intestinal and lung inflammation. Neutralizing IL-9 antibodies attenuated TL1A-driven mucosal inflammation. Batf3-/- TH9-TL1A cells induced reduced inflammation and cytokine expression in vivo compared to WT cells. Our results demonstrate that TL1A promotes TH9 cell differentiation and function and define a role for BATF3 in T-cell-driven mucosal inflammation.

Published
2019

2. Inflammation-independent TL1A-mediated intestinal fibrosis is dependent on the gut microbiome

Author

Jacob, Noam, Jacobs, Jonathan P, Kumagai, Kotaro, Ha, Connie WY, Kanazawa, Yoshitake, Lagishetty, Venu, Altmayer, Katherine, Hamill, Ariel M, Von Arx, Aimee, Sartor, R Balfour, Devkota, Suzanne, Braun, Jonathan, Michelsen, Kathrin S, Targan, Stephan R, and Shih, David Q

Subjects
Tumor Necrosis Factor Ligand Superfamily Member 15, Immunology, Crohn's Disease, Inbred C57BL, Autoimmune Disease, Medical and Health Sciences, Transgenic, Oral and gastrointestinal, Mice, Crohn Disease, Animals, Humans, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Intestinal Mucosa, Aetiology, Inflammation, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Fibroblasts, Ileitis, Biological Sciences, Colitis, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Fibrosis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Intestines, Collagen, Digestive Diseases
Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor-like cytokine 1A (TL1A, TNFSF15) is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), modulating the location and severity of intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. TL1A expression is increased in inflamed gut mucosa and associated with fibrostenosing Crohn's disease. Tl1a-overexpression in mice lead to spontaneous ileitis, and exacerbated induced proximal colitis and fibrosis. IBD is associated with shifts in the gut microbiome, but the effect of differing microbial populations and their interaction with TL1A on fibrosis has not been investigated. We demonstrate that the pro-fibrotic and inflammatory phenotype resulting from Tl1a-overexpression is abrogated in the absence of resident microbiota. To evaluate if this is due to the absence of a unique bacterial population, as opposed to any bacteria per se, we gavaged germ-free (GF) wild-type and Tl1a-transgenic (Tl1a-Tg) mice with stool from specific pathogen free (SPF) mice and a healthy human donor (Hu). Reconstitution with SPF, but not Hu microbiota, resulted in increased intestinal collagen deposition and fibroblast activation in Tl1a-Tg mice. Notably, there was reduced fibroblast migration and activation under GF conditions compared to native conditions. We then identified several candidate organisms that correlated directly with increased fibrosis in reconstituted mice and showed that these organisms directly impact fibroblast function in vitro. Thus, Tl1a-mediated intestinal fibrosis and fibroblast activation are dependent on specific microbial populations.

Published
2018

3. High-density mapping of the MHC identifies a shared role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in inflammatory bowel diseases and heterozygous advantage in ulcerative colitis

Author

Goyette, Philippe, Boucher, Gabrielle, Mallon, Dermot, Ellinghaus, Eva, Jostins, Luke, Huang, Hailiang, Ripke, Stephan, Gusareva, Elena S., Annese, Vito, Hauser, Stephen L., Oksenberg, Jorge R., Thomsen, Ingo, Leslie, Stephen, Daly, Mark J., Van Steen, Kristel, Duerr, Richard H., Barrett, Jeffrey C., Mcgovern, Dermot P. B., Schumm, L. Philip, Traherne, James A., Carrington, Mary N., Kosmoliaptsis, Vasilis, Karlsen, Tom H., Franke, Andre, Rioux, John D., Abraham, Clara, Achkar, Jean Paul, Ahmad, Tariq, Amininejad, Leila, Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., Andersen, Vibeke, Anderson, Carl A., Andrews, Jane M., Aumais, Guy, Baidoo, Leonard, Baldassano, Robert N., Balschun, Tobias, Bampton, Peter A., Barclay, Murray, Bayless, Theodore M., Bethge, Johannes, Bis, Joshua C., Bitton, Alain, Brand, Stephan, Brant, Steven R., Buning, Carsten, Chew, Angela, Cho, Judy H., Cleynen, Isabelle, Cohain, Ariella, Croft, Anthony, D'Amato, Mauro, Danese, Silvio, De Jong, Dirk, De Vos, Martine, Denapiene, Goda, Denson, Lee A., Devaney, Kathy L., Dewit, Olivier, D'Inca, Renata, Dubinsky, Marla, Edwards, Cathryn, Ellinghaus, David, Essers, Jonah, Ferguson, Lynnette R., Festen, Eleonora A., Fleshner, Philip, Florin, Tim, Franchimont, Denis, Fransen, Karin, Gearry, Richard, Georges, Michel, Gieger, Christian, Glas, Jurgen, Green, Todd, Griffiths, Anne M., Guthery, Stephen L., Hakonarson, Hakon, Halfvarson, Jonas, Hanigan, Katherine, Haritunians, Talin, Hart, Ailsa, Hawkey, Chris, Hayward, Nicholas K., Hedl, Matija, Henderson, Paul, Xinli, Hu, Hui, Ken Y., Imielinski, Marcin, Ippoliti, Andrew, Jonaitis, Laimas, Kennedy, Nicholas A., Khan, Mohammed Azam, Kiudelis, Gediminas, Kugathasan, Subra, Kupcinskas, Limas, Latiano, Anna, Laukens, Debby, Lawrance, Ian C., Lee, James C., Lees, Charlie W., Leja, Marcis, Van Limbergen, Johan, Lionetti, Paolo, Liu, Jimmy Z., Louis, Edouard, Mahy, Gillian, Mansfield, John, Massey, Dunecan, Mathew, Christopher G., Milgrom, Raquel, Mitrovic, Mitja, Montgomery, Grant, Mowat, Craig, Newman, Wwilliam, Aylwin, Ng, Siew C., Ng, Evelyn Ng, Sok Meng, Nikolaus, Susanna, Ning, Kaida, Nothen, Markus, Oikonomou, Ioannis, Palmieri, Orazio, Parkes, Miles, Phillips, Anne, Ponsioen, Cyriel Y., Potocnik, Uros, Prescott, Natalie J., Proctor, Deborah D., Radford Smith, Graham, Rahier, Jean Francois, Raychaudhur, Soumya, Regueiro, Miguel, Rieder, Florian, Roberts, Rebecca, Russell, Richard K., Sanderson, Jeremy D., Sans, Miquel, Satsangi, Jack, Schadt, Eric E., Schreiber, Stefan, Scott, Regan, Seielstad, Mark, Sharma, Yashoda, Silverberg, Mark S., Simms, Lisa A., Skieceviciene, Jurgita, Spain, Sarah L., Steinhart, A. Hillary, Stempak, Joanne M., Stronati, Laura, Sventoraityte, Jurgita, Targan, Stephan R., Taylor, Kirstin M., Ter Velde, Anje, Theatre, Emilie, Torkvist, Leif, Tremelling, Mark, Van Der Meulen, Andrea, Van Sommeren, Suzanne, Vasiliauskas, Eric, Vermeire, Severine, Verspaget, Hein W., Walters, Thomas, Wwang, Kai, Wwang, Ming Hsi, Wweersma, Rinse K., Wei, Zhi, Whiteman, David, Wijmenga, Cisca, Wilson, David C., Winkelmann, Juliane, Xavier, Ramnik J., Zeissig, Sebastian, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Clarence K., Zhang, Hu, Zhang, Wwei, Zhao, Hongyu, Zhao, Zhen Z., Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Traherne, James [0000-0002-6003-8559], Kosmoliaptsis, Vasilis [0000-0001-7298-1387], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Heterozygote, Genotype, Genotyping Techniques, Genetic Linkage, Ulcerative, Human leukocyte antigen, Biology, Major histocompatibility complex, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Article, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Alleles, Chromosome Mapping, Colitis, Ulcerative, Crohn Disease, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome-Wide Association Study, HLA-DRB1 Chains, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Phenotype, Genetics, medicine, HLA-DR, Polymorphism, Colitis, HLA-DRB1, Crohn's disease, Single Nucleotide, medicine.disease, Ulcerative colitis, digestive system diseases, Immunology, biology.protein
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies of the related chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) known as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have shown strong evidence of association to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This region encodes a large number of immunological candidates, including the antigen-presenting classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Studies in IBD have indicated that multiple independent associations exist at HLA and non-HLA genes, but they have lacked the statistical power to define the architecture of association and causal alleles. To address this, we performed high-density SNP typing of the MHC in >32,000 individuals with IBD, implicating multiple HLA alleles, with a primary role for HLA-DRB1*01:03 in both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Noteworthy differences were observed between these diseases, including a predominant role for class II HLA variants and heterozygous advantage observed in ulcerative colitis, suggesting an important role of the adaptive immune response in the colonic environment in the pathogenesis of IBD.

Published
2015
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4. Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease

Author

Jostins, Luke, Ripke, Stephan, Weersma, Rinse K., Duerr, Richard H., Mcgovern, Dermot P., Hui, Ken Y., Lee, James C., Philip Schumm, L., Sharma, Yashoda, Anderson, Carl A., Essers, Jonah, Mitrovic, Mitja, Ning, Kaida, Cleynen, Isabelle, Theatre, Emilie, Spain, Sarah L., Raychaudhuri, Soumya, Goyette, Philippe, Wei, Zhi, Abraham, Clara, Achkar, Jean Paul, Ahmad, Tariq, Amininejad, Leila, Ananthakrishnan, Ashwin N., Andersen, Vibeke, Andrews, Jane M., Baidoo, Leonard, Balschun, Tobias, Bampton, Peter A., Bitton, Alain, Boucher, Gabrielle, Brand, Stephan, Büning, Carsten, Cohain, Ariella, Cichon, Sven, D'Amato, Mauro, De Jong, Dirk, Devaney, Kathy L., Dubinsky, Marla, Edwards, Cathryn, Ellinghaus, David, Ferguson, Lynnette R., Franchimont, Denis, Fransen, Karin, Gearry, Richard, Georges, Michel, Gieger, Christian, Glas, Jürgen, Haritunians, Talin, Hart, Ailsa, Hawkey, Chris, Hedl, Matija, Xinli, Hu, Karlsen, Tom H., Kupcinskas, Limas, Kugathasan, Subra, Latiano, Anna, Laukens, Debby, Lawrance, Ian C., Lees, Charlie W., Louis, Edouard, Mahy, Gillian, Mansfield, John, Morgan, Angharad R., Mowat, Craig, Newman, William, Palmieri, Orazio, Ponsioen, Cyriel Y., Potocnik, Uros, Prescott, Natalie J., Regueiro, Miguel, Rotter, Jerome I., Russell, Richard K., Sanderson, Jeremy D., Sans, Miquel, Satsangi, Jack, Schreiber, Stefan, Simms, Lisa A., Sventoraityte, Jurgita, Targan, Stephan R., Taylor, Kent D., Tremelling, Mark, Verspaget, Hein W., De Vos, Martine, Wijmenga, Cisca, Wilson, David C., Winkelmann, Juliane, Xavier, Ramnik J., Zeissig, Sebastian, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Clarence K., Zhao, Hongyu, Silverberg, Mark S., Annese, Vito, Hakonarson, Hakon, Brant, Steven R., Radford Smith, Graham, Mathew, Christopher G., Rioux, John D., Schadt, Eric E., Daly, Mark J., Franke, Andre, Parkes, Miles, Vermeire, Severine, Barrett, Jeffrey C., Cho, Judy H., Barclay, M, Peyrin Biroulet, L, Chamaillard, M, Colombel, Jf, Cottone, M, Croft, A, D'Incà, R, Halfvarson J, Hanigan K, Henderson, P, Hugot, Jp, Karban, A, Kennedy, Na, Khan, Ma, Lémann, M, Levine, A, Massey, D, Milla, M, Montgomery, Gw, Ng, Sm, Oikonomou, I, Peeters, H, Proctor, Dd, Rahier, Jf, Roberts, R, Rutgeerts, P, Seibold, F, Stronati, Laura, Taylor, Km, Törkvist, L, Ublick, K, Van Limbergen, J, Van Gossum, A, Vatn, Mh, Zhang, H, Zhang, W, Andrews, Jm, Bampton, Pa, Florin, Th, Gearry, R, Krishnaprasad, K, Lawrance, Ic, Mahy, G, Radford Smith, G, Roberts, Rl, Simms, La, Amininijad, L, Cleynen, I, Dewit, O, Franchimont, D, Georges, M, Laukens, D, Theatre, E, Vermeire, S, Aumais, G, Baidoo, L, Barrie AM 3rd, Beck, K, Bernard, Ej, Binion, Dg, Bitton, A, Brant, Sr, Cho, Jh, Cohen, A, Croitoru, K, Daly, Mj, Datta, Lw, Deslandres, C, Duerr, Rh, Dutridge, D, Ferguson, J, Fultz, J, Goyette, P, Greenberg, Gr, Haritunians, T, Jobin, G, Katz, S, Lahaie, Rg, Mcgovern, Dp, Nelson, L, Ning, K, Paré, P, Regueiro, Md, Rioux, Jd, Ruggiero, E, Schumm, L, Schwartz, M, Scott, R, Sharma, Y, Silverberg, Ms, Spears, D, Steinhart, A, Stempak, Jm, Swoger, Jm, Tsagarelis, C, Zhang, C, Zhao, H, Aerts, J, Ahmad, T, Arbury, H, Attwood, A, Auton, A, Ball, Sg, Balmforth, Aj, Barnes, C, Barrett, Jc, Barroso, I, Barton, A, Bennett, Aj, Bhaskar, S, Blaszczyk, K, Bowes, J, Brand, Oj, Braund, Ps, Bredin, F, Breen, G, Brown, Mj, Bruce, In, Bull, J, Burren, Os, Burton, J, Byrnes, J, Caesar, S, Cardin, N, Clee, Cm, Coffey, Aj, Connell, Jm, Conrad, Df, Cooper, Jd, Dominiczak, Af, Downes, K, Drummond, He, Dudakia, D, Dunham, A, Ebbs, B, Eccles, D, Edkins, S, Edwards, C, Elliot, A, Emery, P, Evans, Dm, Evans, G, Eyre, S, Farmer, A, Ferrier, In, Flynn, E, Forbes, A, Forty, L, Franklyn, Ja, Frayling, Tm, Freathy, Rm, Giannoulatou, E, Gibbs, P, Gilbert, P, Gordon Smith, K, Gray, E, Green, E, Groves, Cj, Grozeva, D, Gwilliam, R, Hall, A, Hammond, N, Hardy, M, Harrison, P, Hassanali, N, Hebaishi, H, Hines, S, Hinks, A, Hitman, Ga, Hocking, L, Holmes, C, Howard, E, Howard, P, Howson, Jm, Hughes, D, Hunt, S, Isaacs, Jd, Jain, M, Jewell, Dp, Johnson, T, Jolley, Jd, Jones, Ir, Jones, La, Kirov, G, Langford, Cf, Lango Allen, H, Lathrop, Gm, Lee, J, Lee, Kl, Lees, C, Lewis, K, Lindgren, Cm, Maisuria Armer, M, Maller, J, Mansfield, J, Marchini, Jl, Martin, P, Massey, Dc, Mcardle, Wl, Mcguffin, P, Mclay, Ke, Mcvean, G, Mentzer, A, Mimmack, Ml, Morgan, Ae, Morris, Ap, Mowat, C, Munroe, Pb, Myers, S, Newman, W, Nimmo, Er, O'Donovan, Mc, Onipinla, A, Ovington, Nr, Owen, Mj, Palin, K, Palotie, A, Parnell, K, Pearson, R, Pernet, D, Perry, Jr, Phillips, A, Plagnol, V, Prescott, Nj, Prokopenko, I, Quail, Ma, Rafelt, S, Rayner, Nw, Reid, Dm, Renwick, A, Ring, Sm, Robertson, N, Robson, S, Russell, E, St Clair, D, Sambrook, Jg, Sanderson, Jd, Sawcer, Sj, Schuilenburg, H, Scott, Ce, Seal, S, Shaw Hawkins, S, Shields, Bm, Simmonds, Mj, Smyth, Dj, Somaskantharajah, E, Spanova, K, Steer, S, Stephens, J, Stevens, He, Stirrups, K, Stone, Ma, Strachan, Dp, Su, Z, Symmons, Dp, Thompson, Jr, Thomson, W, Tobin, Md, Travers, Me, Turnbull, C, Vukcevic, D, Wain, Lv, Walker, M, Walker, Nm, Wallace, C, Warren Perry, M, Watkins, Na, Webster, J, Weedon, Mn, Wilson, Ag, Woodburn, M, Wordsworth, Bp, Yau, C, Young, Ah, Zeggini, E, Brown, Ma, Burton, Pr, Caulfield, Mj, Compston, A, Farrall, M, Gough, Sc, Hall, As, Hattersley, At, Hill, Av, Mathew, Cg, Pembrey, M, Satsangi, J, Stratton, Mr, Worthington, J, Hurles, Me, Duncanson, A, Ouwehand, Wh, Parkes, M, Rahman, N, Todd, Ja, Samani, Nj, Kwiatkowski, Dp, Mccarthy, Mi, Craddock, N, Deloukas, P, Donnelly, P, Blackwell, Jm, Bramon, E, Casas, Jp, Corvin, A, Jankowski, J, Markus, Hs, Palmer, Cn, Plomin, R, Rautanen, A, Trembath, Rc, Viswanathan, Ac, Wood, Nw, Spencer, Cc, Band, G, Bellenguez, C, Freeman, C, Hellenthal, G, Pirinen, M, Strange, A, Blackburn, H, Bumpstead, Sj, Dronov, S, Gillman, M, Jayakumar, A, Mccann, Ot, Liddle, J, Potter, Sc, Ravindrarajah, R, Ricketts, M, Waller, M, Weston, P, Widaa, S, Whittaker, P., AGEM - Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and Groningen Institute for Gastro Intestinal Genetics and Immunology (3GI)

Subjects
Genome-wide association study, Disease, SUSCEPTIBILITY, Inflammatory bowel disease, NUMBER, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, NETWORK, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, Genomics, Ulcerative colitis, 3. Good health, Colitis, Ulcerative, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genome, Human, Haplotypes, Humans, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Mycobacterium, Mycobacterium Infections, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Phenotype, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Reproducibility of Results, Genome-Wide Association Study, Host-Pathogen Interactions, IRGM, Medical genetics, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, EXPRESSION, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Biology, Molecular gastro-enterology and hepatology Pathogenesis and modulation of inflammation [IGMD 2], TUBERCULOSIS, 03 medical and health sciences, Medical research, medicine, Allele, METAANALYSIS, 030304 developmental biology, HYPER-IGE SYNDROME, MUTATIONS, medicine.disease, RISK LOCI, Genetic architecture, digestive system diseases
Abstract

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, the two common forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), affect over 2.5 million people of European ancestry, with rising prevalence in other populations(1). Genome-wide association studies and subsequent meta-analyses of these two diseases(2,3) as separate phenotypes have implicated previously unsuspected mechanisms, such as autophagy(4), in their pathogenesis and showed that some IBD loci are shared with other inflammatory diseases(5). Here we expand on the knowledge of relevant pathways by undertaking a meta-analysis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis genome-wide association scans, followed by extensive validation of significant findings, with a combined total of more than 75,000 cases and controls. We identify 71 new associations, for a total of 163 IBD loci, that meet genome-wide significance thresholds. Most loci contribute to both phenotypes, and both directional (consistently favouring one allele over the course of human history) and balancing (favouring the retention of both alleles within populations) selection effects are evident. Many IBD loci are also implicated in other immune-mediated disorders, most notably with ankylosing spondylitis and psoriasis. We also observe considerable overlap between susceptibility loci for IBD and mycobacterial infection. Gene co-expression network analysis emphasizes this relationship, with pathways shared between host responses to mycobacteria and those predisposing to IBD.

Published
2012
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5. Meta-analysis identifies 29 additional ulcerative colitis risk loci, increasing the number of confirmed associations to 47

Author

Anderson, Carl A, Boucher, Gabrielle, Lees, Charlie W, Franke, Andre, D'Amato, Mauro, Taylor, Kent D, Lee, James C, Goyette, Philippe, Imielinski, Marcin, Latiano, Anna, Lagacé, Caroline, Scott, Regan, Amininejad, Leila, Bumpstead, Suzannah, Baidoo, Leonard, Baldassano, Robert N, Barclay, Murray, Bayless, Theodore M, Brand, Stephan, Büning, Carsten, Colombel, Jean-Frédéric, Denson, Lee A, De Vos, Martine, Dubinsky, Marla, Edwards, Cathryn, Ellinghaus, David, Fehrmann, Rudolf SN, Floyd, James AB, Florin, Timothy, Franchimont, Denis, Franke, Lude, Georges, Michel, Glas, Jürgen, Glazer, Nicole L, Guthery, Stephen L, Haritunians, Talin, Hayward, Nicholas K, Hugot, Jean-Pierre, Jobin, Gilles, Laukens, Debby, Lawrance, Ian, Lémann, Marc, Levine, Arie, Libioulle, Cecile, Louis, Edouard, McGovern, Dermot P, Milla, Monica, Montgomery, Grant W, Morley, Katherine I, Mowat, Craig, Ng, Aylwin, Newman, William, Ophoff, Roel A, Papi, Laura, Palmieri, Orazio, Peyrin-Biroulet, Laurent, Panés, Julián, Phillips, Anne, Prescott, Natalie J, Proctor, Deborah D, Roberts, Rebecca, Russell, Richard, Rutgeerts, Paul, Sanderson, Jeremy, Sans, Miquel, Schumm, Philip, Seibold, Frank, Sharma, Yashoda, Simms, Lisa A, Seielstad, Mark, Steinhart, A Hillary, Targan, Stephan R, van den Berg, Leonard H, Vatn, Morten, Verspaget, Hein, Walters, Thomas, Wijmenga, Cisca, Wilson, David C, Westra, Harm-Jan, Xavier, Ramnik J, Zhao, Zhen Z, Ponsioen, Cyriel Y, Andersen, Vibeke, Torkvist, Leif, Gazouli, Maria, Anagnou, Nicholas P, Karlsen, Tom H, Kupcinskas, Limas, Sventoraityte, Jurgita, Mansfield, John C, Kugathasan, Subra, Silverberg, Mark S, Halfvarson, Jonas, Rotter, Jerome I, Mathew, Christopher G, Griffiths, Anne M, Gearry, Richard, Ahmad, Tariq, Brant, Steven R, and Chamaillard, Mathias

Subjects
Risk, Prevention, Human Genome, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Crohn's Disease, Ulcerative, Biological Sciences, Colitis, Autoimmune Disease, Medical and Health Sciences, Oral and gastrointestinal, Crohn Disease, Genetics, Humans, Digestive Diseases, Nutrition, Genome-Wide Association Study, Developmental Biology
Abstract

Genome-wide association studies and candidate gene studies in ulcerative colitis have identified 18 susceptibility loci. We conducted a meta-analysis of six ulcerative colitis genome-wide association study datasets, comprising 6,687 cases and 19,718 controls, and followed up the top association signals in 9,628 cases and 12,917 controls. We identified 29 additional risk loci (P < 5 × 10(-8)), increasing the number of ulcerative colitis-associated loci to 47. After annotating associated regions using GRAIL, expression quantitative trait loci data and correlations with non-synonymous SNPs, we identified many candidate genes that provide potentially important insights into disease pathogenesis, including IL1R2, IL8RA-IL8RB, IL7R, IL12B, DAP, PRDM1, JAK2, IRF5, GNA12 and LSP1. The total number of confirmed inflammatory bowel disease risk loci is now 99, including a minimum of 28 shared association signals between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

Published
2011

6. HMPL-004 (Andrographis paniculata extract) Prevents Development of Murine Colitis by Inhibiting T-cell Proliferation and TH1/TH17 Responses

Author

Michelsen, Kathrin S., Wong, Michelle H., Ko, Brian, Thomas, Lisa S., Dhall, Deepti, and Targan, Stephan R.

Subjects
Lymphocyte Activation, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Article, Interferon-gamma, Mice, Animals, Immunology and Allergy, RNA, Messenger, Intestinal Mucosa, Cells, Cultured, Cell Proliferation, Homeodomain Proteins, Mice, Knockout, Plant Extracts, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukins, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Dextran Sulfate, Interleukin-17, Gastroenterology, Cell Differentiation, Th1 Cells, Flow Cytometry, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Th17 Cells, Colitis, Ulcerative, Andrographis paniculata
Abstract

Extracts of the plant Andrographis paniculata have been used to treat inflammatory diseases in Asian countries. A recent double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of HMPL-004 (A. paniculata extract) has demonstrated its safety and effectiveness for induction of clinical response, remission, and mucosal healing in patients with mild to moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). We aimed to determine if HMPL-004 could prevent the development of T-cell-dependent murine colitis and to define its in vivo mechanism(s) of action.CD(+)4CD45RB(high) T cells were transferred into Rag1(-/-) mice and gavaged daily with HMPL-004 or methyl cellulose (MC). Severity of colitis was evaluated by weight loss, histology, and cytokine expression.Mice treated with MC developed colitis within 4-7 weeks, as evaluated by weight loss, and severe intestinal inflammation. HMPL-004-treated mice did not lose weight and displayed only very mild intestinal inflammation. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and IL-22 expression were significantly decreased in HMPL-004-treated mice. We observed higher percentages of naïve CD4(+) T cells in the lamina propria of HMPL-004-treated mice. At early timepoints HMPL-004-treated mice have significantly reduced splenic cell counts, reduced CD4(+), and IL-17(+), and IFN-γ T(+) cells. Furthermore, HMPL-004 inhibited the proliferation of CD4 T cells and differentiation into TH1/TH17 cells in vitro.HMPL-004 inhibits the development of chronic colitis by affecting early T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and TH(1)/TH(17) responses in a T-cell-driven model of colitis, presenting a unique mechanism of action. Our data suggest that HMPL-004 could be an attractive herbal therapeutic for inflammatory bowel disease.

Published
2012
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7. Epithelial endoplasmic reticulum stress orchestrates a protective IgA response

Author

Grootjans, Joep, Krupka, Niklas, Hosomi, Shuhei, Matute, Juan D, Hanley, Thomas, Saveljeva, Svetlana, Gensollen, Thomas, Heijmans, Jarom, Li, Hai, Limenitakis, Julien P, Ganal-Vonarburg, Stephanie C, Suo, Shengbao, Luoma, Adrienne M, Shimodaira, Yosuke, Duan, Jinzhi, Shih, David Q, Conner, Margaret E, Glickman, Jonathan N, Fuhler, Gwenny M, Palm, Noah W, De Zoete, Marcel R, Van Der Woude, C Janneke, Yuan, Guo-Cheng, Wucherpfennig, Kai W, Targan, Stephan R, Rosenstiel, Philip, Flavell, Richard A, McCoy, Kathy D, Macpherson, Andrew J, Kaser, Arthur, and Blumberg, Richard S

Subjects
Inflammation, Mice, Knockout, X-Box Binding Protein 1, Plasma Cells, Autophagy-Related Proteins, Epithelial Cells, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, digestive system, 3. Good health, Immunoglobulin A, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Tissue Culture Techniques, Mice, Autophagy, Animals, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Immunity, Mucosal
Abstract

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the major secretory immunoglobulin isotype found at mucosal surfaces, where it regulates microbial commensalism and excludes luminal factors from contacting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IgA is induced by both T cell-dependent and -independent (TI) pathways. However, little is known about TI regulation. We report that IEC endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induces a polyreactive IgA response, which is protective against enteric inflammation. IEC ER stress causes TI and microbiota-independent expansion and activation of peritoneal B1b cells, which culminates in increased lamina propria and luminal IgA. Increased numbers of IgA-producing plasma cells were observed in healthy humans with defective autophagy, who are known to exhibit IEC ER stress. Upon ER stress, IECs communicate signals to the peritoneum that induce a barrier-protective TI IgA response.

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