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Cyanosporus is a genus widely distributed in Asia, Europe, North America, South America and Oceania. It grows on different angiosperm and gymnosperm trees and can cause brown rot of wood. Blue-tinted basidiomata of Cyanosporus makes it easy to distinguish from other genera, but the similar morphological characters make it difficult to identify species within the genus. Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cyanosporus were carried out based on worldwide samples with an emphasis on Chinese collections, and the species diversity of the genus is updated. Four new species, C. flavus, C. rigidus, C. subungulatus and C. tenuicontextus, are described based on the evidence of morphological characters, distribution areas, host trees and molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF). Our study expanded the number of Cyanosporus species to 35 around the world including 23 species from China. Detailed descriptions of the four new species and the geographical locations of the Cyanosporus species in China are provided.

Leptoporus is a rare and remarkable genus, mainly occurring in coniferous forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Recent phylogenetic studies showed that Leptoporus belongs to Irpicaceae in the phlebioid clade. It is worth noting that most species in the phlebioid clade can cause white-rot decay, except for the Leptoporus species, which can cause a brown-rot decay. In this study, we performed phylogenetic and taxonomic studies of Leptoporus and related genera. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were conducted based on sequences from multiple loci including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II gene (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF1). Combined with morphological characteristics, a new species, Leptoporus submollis sp. nov., is discovered and illustrated from Southwest China.

Mask wearing is the easiest and most effective way to avoid COVID-19 infection; however, it affects interpersonal activities, especially face identification. This study examined the effects of three mask coverage levels (full coverage, FC; coverage up to the middle [MB] or bottom of the nose bridge [BB]) on face identification accuracy and time. A total of 115 university students (60 men and 55 women) were recruited to conduct a computer-based simulation test consisting of 30 questions (10 questions [five face images each of men and women] for the three mask coverage levels). One unmasked target face and four face images with a specified mask coverage level were designed for each question, and the participants were requested to select the same face from the four covered face images on the basis of the target face. The ANOVA results indicated that identification accuracy was significantly affected by sex (p p p

The genus Hydnellum is a kind of ectomycorrhizal fungi that can play a role in the material cycle by connecting the plant roots to the soil, and some species of Hydnellum are medicinal fungi with vital research value. The species diversity of Hydnellum is unclear in China. In this study, five new species of Hydnellum are described from China based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses inferred from two datasets of ITS + LSU and ITS + LSU + SSU + RPB2 sequences. H. chocolatum is characterized by its chocolate basidiomata with the fibrillose, spongy to tomentose pileal surface, and subglobose to globose basidiospores measuring (4.5–)5–6 × 4–5(–5.8) μm. H. concentricum is characterized by its zonate pileal surface, thin context, short stipe, presence of both simple septa and clamp connections in generative hyphae of spines, and subglobose to ellipsoidal basidiospores measuring (3.5–)4–5(–5.2) × (3.2–)3.5–5 μm. H. crassipileatum is characterized by its thick pileus with the reddish brown to grayish brown pileal surface, and subglobose to ellipsoidal basidiospores measuring 4–6(–6.5) × 4–5.5 μm. H. melanocarpum is characterized by its vinaceous brown to black pileus with spongy pileal surface, presence of both simple septa and clamp connections in generative hyphae of spines, and subglobose basidiospores measuring 4.5–5.5(–6) × (3.5–)3.8–5.1 μm. H. radiatum is characterized by its radially aligned stripes on pileal surface, grayish brown context, short stipe, and subglobose to ellipsoidal basidiospores measuring (3.5–)4–5 × 3–4.5(–5) μm. Full descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of the new species are provided.

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) has emerged as an effective optoelectronics material due to its novel optical properties. Understanding the role of defects in exciton kinetics is crucial for achieving high-efficiency TMD devices. Here, we observe defects induced anomalous power dependence exciton dynamics and spatial distribution in hexagonal heterogeneous WS2. With transient absorption microscopy study, we illustrate that these phenomena originate from the competition between radiative and defect-related non-radiative decays. To understand the physics behind this, a decay model is introduced with two defect-related channels, which demonstrates that more excitons decay through non-radiative channels in the dark region than the bright region. Our work reveals the mechanisms of anomalous exciton kinetics by defects and is instrumental for understanding and exploiting excitonic states in emerging 2D semiconductors.

The precessional switching mechanism has governed the magnetic switching in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in the sub-nanosecond range, which exponentially increases the switching current density of magnetic random access memory (MRAM). Thus, there needs to be an alternative switching mechanism with much higher energy efficiency to bring down the switching current density significantly and make the MRAM compatible with high-speed L1/2—static random access memory (SRAM) at sub-nanosecond range. Using the recent discovered external electric field ( $E$ -field) tunable Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida (RKKY) phenomena in a synthetic ferrimagnet (E-SFi), we propose a totally different Chrysanthemum -like switching mechanism to realize a low-energy picosecond writing MRAM design, which breaks the precessional switching mechanism at picosecond region. And our results show that the critical switching current density can be significantly reduced by one order of magnitude compared to that of a conventional MTJ design down to 100 ps. In addition, we study the robustness of the asynchronous conditions between the charge current pulse and the $E$ -field pulse for its practical applications.

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Background The skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) is a new method to measure sympathetic nerve activity by using conventional ECG electrodes. We developed a novel approach to analyze the complexity of SKNA time series under different time scales and showed its prognostic significance in patients receiving critical care. Methods This study measured SKNA in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). Each recording is 10-minute long with 10000Hz sampling rate. Multi-scale fluctuation analysis (MSFA) was developed to quantify the variation within each time scale after removing the linear trend. The prognostic value of SKNA was combined with traditional prognostics scoring system to improve the predictive values. Results 155 patients were recruited. After 30 and 90 days, 30 and 48 patients expired. MSFA was significantly higher in survival group than mortality group for 30-day (0.487 ± 0.185 vs 0.401 ± 0.045, p = 0.018) and 90-day (0.499 ± 0.196 vs 0.414 ± 0.061, p = 0.001) follow-up. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score was significantly lower in the survival group compared to the expired group for 30-day and 90-day (4.1 ± 2.9 vs. 5.5 ± 4.1, p = 0.032 and 3.9 ± 3.0 vs. 5.4 ± 3.5, p = 0.012). The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed MSFA lower than 0.401 (log-rank test:4.96, p = 0.03) or with SOFA score lower than 5 (log-rank test:5.49, p = 0.019) have a significantly higher mortality rate. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that the MSFA is an independent predictor for 30-day mortality (HR = 2.35, 1.08–5.09, p = 0.031) and 90-day mortality (HR = 1.96, 1.08–3.58, p = 0.027). Conclusion MSFA was a significant prognostic predictor for critically ill patients. MSFA adding to SOFA score could help improve risk prediction.

Obtaining small, fast, and energy-efficient spintronic devices requires a new way of manipulating spin states in an effective manner. Here, a prototype photovoltaic spintronic device with a p-n junction Si wafer is proposed which generates photo-induced electrons and changes the ferromagnetism by interfacial charge doping. A ferromagnetic resonance field change of 48.965 mT and 11.306 mT is achieved in Co and CoFeB thin films under sunlight illumination, respectively. The transient reflection (TR) analysis and the first principles calculation reveal the photovoltaic electrons that are doped into the magnetic layer and alter its Fermi level, correspondingly. This finding provides a new method of magnetism modulation and demonstrates a solar-driven spintronic device with abundant energy supply, which may further expand the landscape of spintronics research.

In this work, the regrowth method is used on lens-structure diamond ultraviolet (UV) detector to suppress the surface defects caused by the lens fabrication process. After the regrowth of thin diamond film, the structure of the lens remains. Therefore, in the UV region, the regrown lens detector exhibits the highest responsivity compared with the original lens detector and the regrown planar detector. Moreover, the regrown lens detector two response peaks at around 240 nm and 240 nm. Under 220 nm or 240 nm illumination, the regrown lens detector display a fast response speed without obvious persistent photoconductive effect. This provides an efficient way to extend the the detection range of diamond UV detector while not sacrificing the performance of transient response.

Yu Gan Long (YGL) is a Chinese traditional herbal formula which has been reported to attenuate liver fibrosis for many years and we have explored its anti-fibrotic mechanism through blocking transforming growth factor (TGF-β) in the previous study. But the mechanisms associated with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB remain obscure. In this study, we further investigated the mechanism of YGL reducing carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in rats. Our results showed that YGL suppressed CCl4-induced upregulation of collagen IV (Col IV), type HI precollagen (PCHI), hyaluronuc acid (HA) and laminin (LN), which are implicated in liver fibrosis. Also, YGL reduced the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, which acts as the indicator of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, YGL decreased the serum levels of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) mitogen PDGF-BB and inflammation cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. Markers involved in liver fibrosis, such as Ras, p-Raf-1, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-P38, p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-JAKl, p-STAT3 were downregulated significantly after treatment with YGL. Our results indicated that YGL ameliorated CCl4-induced liver fibrosis by reducing inflammation cytokines production, and suppressing Ras/ERK, PI3K/AKT, and JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathways, which provided further evidence towards elucidation of the anti-fibrotic mechanism of YGL.

To achieve efficient doping in polymer solar cells (PSCs), the dopant needs to be selectively located in the binary components of a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film according to its polarity. The rarely studied n-type dopant is thoroughly examined in a simplified planar heterojunction (PHJ) device to address its favored location in the active layer. Results show that the n-dopant distribution in the acceptor layer or at the donor/acceptor interface produces enhanced device performance, whereas it harms the device when located in the donor layer. Based on the results, the benefit of n-type doping is then transferred to the highly efficient BHJ devices via a sequential coating procedure. The performance improvement is closely linked to the variations in the dopant's location in the BHJ film, which is carefully examined by the synchrotron techniques with delicate chemical sensitivity. More interestingly, the sequential coating procedure can be easily extended to the p-doped device only by changing the dopant's polarity in the middle layer. These findings pave the way for ambipolar doping in PSCs and enable performance improvement by molecular doping within the expectations.

A new white-rot species, Phlebiopsis lacerata sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. It is characterized by resupinate to effuse-reflexed basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with simple septate generative hyphae, conical cystidia that are thick-walled, heavily encrusted with large crystal in the apical part, and ellipsoid basidiospores (4–5.5 × 3–3.5 µm). Phylogenetic analyses of the ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions showed that P. lacerata belongs to the Phanerochaetaceae and is nested in the phlebioid clade. Further investigation based on ITS+nLSU sequences with more representative taxa in Phlebiopsis demonstrated that P. lacerata forms a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then groups with P. crassa.

Fomitopsis is a worldwide brown-rot fungal genus of Polyporales, which grows on different gymnosperm and angiosperm trees and has important ecological functions and economic values. In this study, species diversity, phylogenetic relationships, and ecological habits of Fomitopsis were investigated. A total of 195 specimens from 24 countries representing 29 species of Fomitopsis were studied. Based on the morphological characters and phylogenetic evidence of DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), 30 species are accepted in Fomitopsis, including four new species: F. resupinata, F. srilankensis, F. submeliae and F. yimengensis. Illustrated descriptions of the novel species and the geographical locations of the Fomitopsis species are provided.

Finding an effective way to greatly tune spin Hall angle in a low power manner is of fundamental importance for tunable and energy-efficient spintronic devices. Recently, topological insulator of Bi2Se3, having a large intrinsic spin Hall angle, show great capability to generate strong current-induced spin-orbit torques. Here we demonstrate that the spin Hall angle in Bi2Se3 can be effectively tuned asymmetrically and even enhanced about 600% reversibly by applying a bipolar electric field across the piezoelectric substrate. We reveal that the enhancement of spin Hall angle originates from both the charge doping and piezoelectric strain effet on the spin Berry curvature near Fermi level in Bi2Se3. Our findings provide a platform for achieving low power consumption and tunable spintronic devices.

In this study, phylogenetic analyses of

The complex micro-/nanoscale wrinkle morphology primarily fabricated by elastic polymers is usually designed to realize unique functionalities in physiological, biochemical, bioelectric, and optoelectronic systems. In this work, we fabricated inorganic freestanding BaTiO

The layered van der Waals CuInP2S6 (CIPS) features interesting functional behaviors, including reversible ferroelectric polarization, Cu ion migration, negative capacitance effect, etc. Here, the CIPS flakes were exfoliated from the CVT-grown high-quality single crystals, which were fabricated into metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures by conventional photolithography. It was found that the CIPS flakes persisted in the dominant out-of-plane polarization and the minor in-plane polarization. Clear hysteresis current–voltage (I–V) loops, as well as the rectifying character, were revealed in metal/CIPS/metal heterostructures, indicating the potential application as a memory device. Additionally, the different metal electrode could significantly modulate the Schottky-like barrier at metal/CIPS interfaces, resulting in symmetric or asymmetric I–V loops. The complicated I–V curves may have originated from the voltage-induced Cu ion migration, reversible ferroelectric polarization, and carrier (ion) trapping/detrapping. This work may facilitate the metal electrode selection for the ferroelectric CIPS-based device application.

As the Abrikosov vortex lattice has recently been found in van der Waals heterostructures constructed by a two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnet and a superconductor, we propose the realization of cavity-photon–vortex coupling in a superconductive cavity to construct a new hybrid quantum system in this paper. We study the corresponding hybrid states therein, including the exceptional lines (ELs) in the parameter space. Considering that the parameters of our system are adjustable by external magnetic field and temperature, our system and the ELs are much easier to be realized in experiments. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the corresponding hybrid states can be switched by tuning the source of AC, which makes this hybrid system more advantageous to realize hybrid quantum computing in the future. Moreover, for practical use in detecting hybrid states and the vortex dynamics, the transmission amplitude of an external transverse electric wave through the cavity is also studied.

We introduce a simple method with thermal annealing round gold disk for agglomeration to fabricate orderly arranged nanostructure arrays on diamond for single photon source applications. In the annealing process, the dependence of gold sphere size on disk thickness and diameter was investigated, showing that gold sphere diameter was decreased with decreasing gold disk thickness or diameter. The condition parameters of ICP etch were adjusted to obtain different nanostructure morphologies on diamond. The collection efficiency of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center embedded in nanostructure as-fabricated could reach to 53.56% compared with that of 19.10% in planar case with the same simulation method.

The present study aimed to explore the mechanism of the sweating of Dipsacus asper on content changes of triterpene sa-ponins by detecting the total triterpene saponins and the index component asperosaponin Ⅵ in the crude and sweated D. asper, and analyzing the differentially expressed proteins by isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification(iTRAQ) combined with LC-MS/MS. After sweating, the content of total triterpene saponins decreased manifestly, while that of asperosaponin Ⅵ increased significantly. As revealed by the iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis, 140 proteins with significant differential expression were figured out, with 50 up-regulated and 90 down-regulated. GO analysis indicated a variety of hydrolases, oxido-reductases, and transferases in the differential proteins. The results of activity test on two differentially expressed oxido-reductases were consistent with those of the iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS analysis. As demonstrated by the analysis of enzymes related to the triterpene saponin biosynthesis pathway, two enzymes(from CYP450 and UGT families, respectively, which are involved in the structural modification of triterpene saponins) were significantly down-regulated after sweating. The findings suggested that sweating of D. asper presumedly regulated triterpene saponins by affecting the expression of downstream CYP450 s and UGTs in the biosynthesis pathway of triterpene saponins of D. asper.

Finding an effective way to greatly tune spin Hall angle in a low power manner is of fundamental importance for tunable and energy-efficient spintronic devices. Recently, topological insulator of Bi

The mitochondrial genome encodes 13 proteins that are components of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS), suggesting that precise regulation of these genes is crucial for maintaining OXPHOS functions, including ATP production, calcium buffering, cell signaling, ROS production, and apoptosis. Furthermore, heteroplasmy or mis-regulation of gene expression in mitochondria frequently is associated with human mitochondrial diseases. Thus, various approaches have been developed to investigate the roles of genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome. In this review, we will discuss a wide range of techniques available for investigating the mitochondrial genome, mitochondrial transcription, and mitochondrial translation, which provide a useful guide to understanding mitochondrial gene expression. [BMB Reports 2020; 53(1): 3-9].

A new, white-rot, poroid, wood-inhabiting fungal genus, Rhomboidia, typified by R. wuliangshanensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. Collected from subtropical Yunnan Province in southwest China, Rhomboidia is characterized by annual, stipitate basidiomes with rhomboid pileus, a monomitic hyphal system with thick-walled generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores with thin, hyaline, smooth walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and LSU nuclear RNA gene regions showed that Rhomboidia is in Steccherinaceae and formed as distinct, monophyletic lineage within a subclade that includes Nigroporus, Trullella, and Flabellophora .

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, rigid and fragile up on drying, cream to pale greyish hymenial surface; a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI-, CB-; ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, ornamented, IKI-, CB- basidiospores measuring as 7–8.5 × 5–5.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference methods (BPP). The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that T. yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to T. byssinella and T. laevis. Both morphological characteristics and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in Trechispora.

Fabrication of a low-dark-current and high-response-speed three-dimensional diamond UV photodetector using the bottom-up method is demonstrated. The photovoltaic detector exhibits typical rectifier ${I}$ - ${V}$ characteristics. The dark current is 14.2 pA under a reverse bias of 10 V, and it is five-orders-of-magnitude lower than that of photoconductive detectors. Transient response measurement indicates that the decay time of the photovoltaic detector is about 590 ms and the persistent photoconductivity phenomenon is weak. This remarkable reduction of the dark current and persistent photoconductivity can be attributed to the Schottky barrier formation between W and oxygen-terminated diamond. The photovoltaic detector also demonstrates a larger deep UV-to-visible rejection ratio than photoconductive detector.

Spin-transfer torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) is one of the next-generation nonvolatile memories, which has the most promising industrial prospect and has generated lots of new ideas. One of the continuous challenges in STT-MRAM development is to reduce the critical write current. Recently, one published paper reported that under a small electric bias voltage, the synthetic anti-ferromagnetic (SAF) multilayer system could be switched between an anti-ferromagnetic coupling state and a ferromagnetic coupling state. Based on this phenomenon, we propose a new type of STT-MRAM of which the critical write current can be reduced by an assisting electric-field (E-field). Micromagnetic simulation has been performed to study the dynamic switching behavior of the magnetization of the SAF free layer with tunable Ruderman–Kittel–Kasuya–Yosida interaction under the impact of an E-field.

Advanced exfoliation techniques are crucial for exploring the intrinsic properties and applications of 2D materials. Though the recently discovered Au-enhanced exfoliation technique provides an effective strategy for the preparation of large-scale 2D crystals, the high cost of gold hinders this method from being widely adopted in industrial applications. In addition, direct Au contact could significantly quench photoluminescence (PL) emission in 2D semiconductors. It is therefore crucial to find alternative metals that can replace gold to achieve efficient exfoliation of 2D materials. Here, the authors present a one-step Ag-assisted method that can efficiently exfoliate many large-area 2D monolayers, where the yield ratio is comparable to Au-enhanced exfoliation method. Differing from Au film, however, the surface roughness of as-prepared Ag films on SiO

Highly developed meningeal lymphatics remove waste products from the brain. Disruption of meningeal lymphatic vessels in a mouse model of amyloid pathology (5XFAD) accelerates the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the meninges and brain, and causes learning and memory deficits, suggesting that clearance of toxic wastes by lymphatic vessels plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discovered that DSCR1 (Down syndrome critical region 1, known also as RCAN1, regulator of calcineurin 1) facilitates the drainage of waste products by increasing the coverage of dorsal meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, upregulation of DSCR1 in 5XFAD mice diminishes Aβ pathology in the brain and improves memory defects. Surgical ligation of cervical lymphatic vessels afferent to dcLN blocks the beneficial effects of DSCR1 on Aβ accumulation and cognitive function. Interestingly, intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV1-DSCR1 to 5XFAD mice is sufficient to rebuild the meningeal lymphatic system and re-establish cognitive performance. Collectively, our data indicate that DSCR1 facilitates the growth of dorsal meningeal lymphatics to improve drainage efficiency and protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, further highlighting that improving meningeal lymphatic function is a feasible treatment strategy for AD. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Fomitopsis pinicola is a common brown-rot fungal species found in northern hemisphere. It grows on many different gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Recent studies show that it is a species complex; three species from North America and one species from Europe have been recognized in this complex. In the current study, six new species in the Fomitopsis pinicola complex were discovered from East Asia, based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses inferred from the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF). Detailed descriptions of the six new species are provided. Our results also indicates that species of the F. pinicola complex from East Asia usually have limited distribution areas and host specialization.

Mitochondrial initiation factor 3 (mtIF3) binds to and dissociates mitochondrial ribosomes. The mtIF3-small subunit complex then recruits mtIF2, mRNA, and N-formylmethionine-tRNA to initiate mitochondrial translation. Intriguingly, transcripts of the nuclear-encoded mtIF3 gene have been shown present in axonal growth cones; however, the biological function of this compartmentalization remains largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) induces local translation of mtIF3 mRNA in axonal growth cones. Subsequently, mtIF3 protein is translocated into axonal mitochondria and promotes mitochondrial translation as assessed by our newly developed bimolecular fluorescence complementation sensor for the assembly of mitochondrial ribosomes. We further show that BDNF-induced axonal growth requires mtIF3-dependent mitochondrial translation in axons. These findings provide new insight into how neurons adaptively control mitochondrial physiology and axonal development via local mtIF3 translation.

Based on the exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTOs), we developed a first-principles method to calculate the current operators and investigated the anomalous Hall effect in bcc Fe as an example, with which we successfully separated the skew scattering contribution from the side jump and intrinsic contributions by fitting the scaling law with the introduction of sparse impurities. By investigating the temperature dependence of the anomalous Hall effect in bulk Fe, we predicted a fluctuated anomalous Hall angle as a function of temperature when considering only phonons, which, in the future, can be measured in experiments by suppressing magnon excitation, e.g., by applying a high external magnetic field.

Fomitopsis pinicola is a common brown-rot fungal species found in northern hemisphere. It grows on many different gymnosperm and angiosperm trees. Recent studies show that it is a species complex; three species from North America and one species from Europe have been recognized in this complex. In the current study, six new species in the Fomitopsis pinicola complex were discovered from East Asia, based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses inferred from the sequence data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF). Detailed descriptions of the six new species are provided. Our results also indicates that species of the F. pinicola complex from East Asia usually have limited distribution areas and host specialization.

Cyanosporus is a cosmopolitan brown-rot fungal genus, recognizable by blue-tinted basidiocarps. Species in this genus were usually treated as belonging to the Postia caesia complex, however, recent phylogenetic analyses showed that this complex represents an independent genus. During further studies on Cyanosporus, five new species were discovered based on morphological features and molecular data. Phylogenetic analyses of Cyanosporus were conducted using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nLSU), the small subunit of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (nSSU), the small subunit of mitochondrial rRNA gene (mtSSU), the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB1), the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2), and the translation elongation factor 1-α gene (TEF); illustrated descriptions of the new species are provided. In addition, fifteen species previously belonging to the Postia caesia complex are transferred to Cyanosporus and proposed as new combinations.

Electrical contacts are crucial to the high performances of electronic devices, and they become more prominent for the popular two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors because they commonly have high contact resistances and are sensitive to the interfacial states. In this paper, taking monolayer MoS2 as an example, first-principles calculations are done to study and predict the influences of the contact mode on the interfacial electronic states of monolayer MoS2/metal (metal = Mg, Al, In, Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Sc, and Ti). It is found that the interfacial properties are determined by the matching degree between the electronic states of the monolayer MoS2 and metal electrodes. The top contact configuration is preferred for the monolayer MoS2/Sc system as a result of an extremely low Schottky barrier (0.086 eV) as compared to that (0.439 eV) in the edge contact configuration, however, the edge contact configuration is preferred for Ag, Cu, Au, and Pd electrodes. Furthermore, metal electrodes in the top contact configuration might usually result in n-type doping of monolayer MoS2, but lead to p-type doping in the edge contact configuration. The pinning factor S (0.257, −0.009, −0.132, and −0.172) of monolayer MoS2 in both contact modes is close to zero, suggesting a strong electronic pinning effect. The findings provide theoretical guidance for the selection of electrodes for high-performance 2D material based devices.