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Introduction New onset stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is the second most common complication following a prostatectomy, significantly affecting an estimated 10-20% of patients. Severe cases of SUI are often managed surgically by artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) or urethral sling implantation, depending on patient preference and incontinence severity. However, despite a large portion of these patients requiring surgical revision, there is a lack of information regarding the risk factors associated with reoperation, particularly in diverse populations. Thus, in this study, we analyzed the impact of demographic and intraoperative characteristics on reoperation risk following sling and AUS device implantation. Objective To identify risk factors for reoperation following primary AUS and urethral sling implantation. Secondarily, we aim to see if there was a difference in reoperation rates between the two procedures. Methods We performed a retrospective review of primary AUS and urethral slings implanted at a single academic center from July 2015 to May 2022. Demographic data, SUI severity (measured in pads per day), intraoperative characteristics, and 30-day safety outcomes were collected. Baseline characteristics were analyzed using a two-sample t-test, chi-square, or Mann-Whitney U test depending on distribution normality. Reoperation risk factors were analyzed utilizing Cox proportional hazard models for univariate and multivariate analysis, and a Kaplan Meier curve was used to depict re-operation time between sling and AUS. Results A total of 116 patients were included, 72 (62.1%) of which underwent urethral sling placement and 44 (37.9%) AUS implantation. The reoperation rate was 19.4% for urethral slings and 34.1% for AUS (p=0.077). Baseline characteristics between slings and sphincters differed in mean age (64.0 [7.1] vs 67.2 [7.5], p=0.024), median preoperative pads per day (2 [1-3] vs 3 [2-5], p Conclusions A greater number of preoperative pads per day is associated with increased rates of reoperation following sling implantation, while age, CVD, and former smoking status are associated with AUS reoperation. Further research is warranted to identify patient-specific risk factors, particularly to clarify the effects of CVD and former smoking status on reoperation. Disclosure No

Introduction Stress urinary incontinence is the second-most common complication male patients face post-prostatectomy. Artificial urinary sphincters (AUS) and urethral slings are two effective surgical treatments recommended for patients with incontinence who have failed conservative therapy. Slings are often preferred in cases of mild to moderate SUI, whereas AUS is preferred in severe cases. Although prior studies have shown the AUS to be superior in restoring continence, few have compared them in a diverse patient population. We aim to determine the effectiveness of both devices both in the short-term and long-term postoperative setting. Objective To review the 1 and 3 year effectiveness of both AUS and urethral slings in post-prostatectomy patients, measured as the change in median pads per day. Methods This was a single-institution retrospective chart review study of 124 patients who received either an AUS or sling between the years 2015-2022. Patients were divided into one of two groups depending on if they underwent surgery for a urethral sling or AUS. Demographic, intra-operative, and post-operative characteristics were collected. Median pads used per day was the primary measure of outcome. A two-sample t-test, chi-square, or Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare baseline characteristics based on distribution normality. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare 1 and 3 year pad usage to baseline. Results A total of 116 patients were included, of which 72 (62.1%) underwent sling placement while 44 (37.9) received an AUS. Patients receiving an AUS were older (67.2 [7.5] vs 64.0 [7.1], p=0.024), had a higher rate of prior radiation therapy (29.5% vs 11.1, p=0.012), and used more pads per day preoperatively (3 [2-5] vs 2 [1-3], p Conclusions Post-prostatectomy insertion of an AUS results in a significant improvement to continence at 1 and 3 years, while the urethral sling is only significantly effective at 1 year. Disclosure No

The flipped classroom is one the most popular teaching models in recent years. Domestic and international scholars have carried out many experimental and quasi-experimental studies to explore the impact of flipped classroom on students’ academic performance, but the results are mixed. To further explore the impact of flipped classroom on college students’ academic performance, this paper adopted the meta-analysis method to quantitatively analyze 20 domestic and international experimental studies of flipped classroom. We found that: i) The flipped classroom positively affected college students’ academic performance, and the overall combined effect size was 0.66; ii) Effect sizes vary somewhat by subject types. For example, effect sizes for science, liberal arts, and engineering were 0.75, 0.72, and 0.34, respectively; iii) The flipped classroom had the same effect on the learning effect of different knowledge types, but practical knowledge learning was better than theoretical knowledge; and iv) The flipped classroom had produced significant impact on different class sizes, particularly medium class size.

BACKGROUND: Aortic root evaluation is conventionally based on two-dimensional measurements at a single phase of the cardiac cycle. This work presents an image analysis method for assessing dynamic three-dimensional changes in the aortic root of minimally calcified bicuspid aortic valves (BAVs) with and without moderate to severe aortic regurgitation. METHODS: The aortic root was segmented over the full cardiac cycle in three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic images acquired from 19 patients with minimally calcified BAVs and from 16 patients with physiologically normal tricuspid aortic valves (TAVs). The size and dynamics of the aortic root were assessed using the following image-derived measurements: absolute mean root volume and mean area at the level of the ventriculoaortic junction, sinuses of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction, as well as normalized root volume change and normalized area change of the ventriculoaortic junction, sinuses of Valsalva, and sinotubular junction over the cardiac cycle. RESULTS: Normalized volume change over the cardiac cycle was significantly greater in BAV roots with moderate to severe regurgitation than in normal TAV roots and in BAV roots with no or mild regurgitation. Aortic root dynamics were most significantly different at the mid-level of the sinuses of Valsalva in BAVs with moderate to severe regurgitation than in competent TAVs and BAVs. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiographic reconstruction of the aortic root demonstrates significant differences in dynamics of BAV roots with moderate to severe regurgitation relative to physiologically normal TAVs and competent BAVs. This finding may have implications for risk of future dilatation, dissection, or rupture, which warrant further investigation.

Even though the central role of mechanics in cardiovascular system is widely recognized, estimating mechanical deformation and strains in-vivo remains an ongoing practical challenge. Herein, we present a semi-automated framework to estimate strains from four-dimensional (4D) echocardiography images and apply it to the aortic roots of patients with normal trileaflet aortic valves (TAV) and congenital bicuspid aortic valves (BAV). The method is based on fully nonlinear shell-based kinematics, which divides the strains into in-plane (shear and dilatational) and out-of-plane components. The results indicate that, even for size-matched non-aneurysmal aortic roots, BAV patients experience larger regional shear strains in their aortic roots. This elevated strains might be a contributing factor to the higher risk of aneurysm development in BAV patients. The proposed framework is openly available and applicable to any tubular structures.

To evaluate the causes of miscarriage and subsequent pregnancy outcomes among different phenotypes of second trimester miscarriage.Retrospective analysis of 170 consecutive second trimester miscarriages between 14 + 0 and 23 + 6 weeks recorded in the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System from 2012 to 2021. Cases were excluded if miscarriages occurred before 14 + 0 weeks of gestation, data were incomplete, or passage of the fetus happened before the clinical assessment. Cases were classified with a stepwise approach into three phenotypic groups including silent miscarriages (ST-SM), rupture of membranes (ST-ROM), and inevitable miscarriages (ST-IM) depending on the fetal heart pulsation and leakage of liquor at presentation. Clinical investigation of the underlying causes and the outcome of the subsequent pregnancy was then reviewed.There were 97 cases of ST-SM, 21 cases of ST-ROM, and 52 cases of ST-IM. Placental histology and karyotype examination were more likely to yield significant results in the cases of ST-ROM and ST-SM (p 0.05). The phenotypic examination identified different underlying causes including fetal anomaly, suspected cervical insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, and unknown causes (p 0.001). Sixty-four cases achieved a subsequent pregnancy. Although women with history of ST-ROM and ST-IM received more cervical length monitoring and cervical cerclage than those with ST-SM (66.7% vs. 44.4% vs. 7.5%, p = 0.0002; and 16.7% vs. 22.2% vs. 2.5%, p = 0.031, respectively), the risk of recurrent second trimester miscarriage was higher in ST-ROM and ST-IM than in ST-SM (16.7% vs. 0%, p = 0.018).The classification can differentiate different second trimester miscarriage phenotypes, which offers essential information to guide investigation panels of the underlying cause of miscarriages, and the prognosis and management of subsequent pregnancy. Future researches focused on second trimester miscarriage should report their findings according to different phenotypes.

Gravitational-wave population studies have become more important in gravitational-wave astronomy because of the rapid growth of the observed catalog. In recent studies, emulators based on different machine learning techniques are used to emulate the outcomes of the population synthesis simulation with fast speed. In this study, we benchmark the performance of two emulators that learn the truncated power-law phenomenological model by using Gaussian process regression and normalizing flows techniques to see which one is a more capable likelihood emulator in the population inference. We benchmark the characteristic of the emulators by comparing their performance in the population inference to the phenomenological model using mock and real observation data. Our results suggest that the normalizing flows emulator can recover the posterior distribution by using the phenomenological model in the population inference with up to 300 mock injections. The normalizing flows emulator also underestimates the uncertainty for some posterior distributions in the population inference on real observation data. On the other hand, the Gaussian process regression emulator has poor performance on the same task and can only be used effectively in low-dimension cases., 13 pages, 7 figures

Expression of ATP‐binding cassette B5 (ABCB5) has been demonstrated to confer chemoresistance, enhance cancer stem cell properties and associate with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic variations of ABCB5 in HCC patients with reference to healthy individuals and the clinicopathological significance. A pilot study has examined 20 out of 300 pairs HCC and paralleled blood samples using conventional sequencing method to cover all exons and exon/intron regions to investigate whether there will be novel variant sequence and mutation event. A total of 300 HCC and 300 healthy blood DNA samples were then examined by Sequenom MassARRAY genotyping and pyrosequencing for 38 SNP and 1 INDEL in ABCB5. Five novel SNPs were identified in ABCB5. Comparison of DNA from blood samples of HCC and healthy demonstrated that ABCB5 SNPs rs75494098, rs4721940 and rs10254317 were associated with HCC risk. Specific ABCB5 variants were associated with aggressive HCC features. SNP rs17143212 was significantly associated with ABCB5 expression level. Nonetheless, the paralleled blood and tumour DNA sequences from HCC patients indicated that ABCB5 mutation in tumours was not common and corroborated the TCGA data sets. In conclusion, ABCB5 genetic variants had significant association with HCC risk and aggressive tumour properties.

Despite the emergence of literature on gender differences in gambling problems, few empirical studies have explored how gender norms inform the gender dynamics involved in the development of gambling disorder. This study addresses this research gap by applying general strain theory to gambling disorder across genders. The objectives of this study are twofold. First, we examine the role of gender norms in the social strain-gambling disorder relationship across genders. Second, we explore the extent to which males and females who conform to traditional gender norms are likely to express strain-induced negative emotions that result in gambling disorder. These relationships are examined with data from a cross-sectional survey of 1,620 Chinese married couples in Hong Kong. Our results indicate that gender norms function differently between genders. Specifically, gender norms exacerbate the effect of social strain on gambling disorder in males but mitigate the effect of social strain on gambling disorder in females. In addition, gender norms amplify the effect of strain-induced negative emotions on gambling disorder in males only.

Mindfulness interventions have been shown to be effective in the treatment of anxiety for both adolescent and adult populations. However, little research has investigated and tested the use of mind...

There is limited knowledge on the possible pathways of victimization among rural dwellers during adolescence in developing contexts, such as rural China, where victimization may compound developmental disadvantages of rural adolescents. Guided by the lifestyle/routine activity theory, the goal of this study thus was to examine how far delinquent lifestyles (delinquent involvement and delinquent peer association); nondeviant routine activities (unstructured socializing with peers, structured activities, and solitary activities); and social guardianship within family, school, and neighborhood contribute to juvenile victimization in a rural setting. The outcomes of interest covered direct victimization (violent, property, and sexual) and indirect victimization (witnessing community violence). The study included 2,839 adolescents (51.2% male; mean age = 13.88 ± 0.90 years) from 30 middle schools in rural China. The delinquent peer influence as a risk factor of direct and indirect victimization appeared to be more profound than delinquent involvement. Solitary activities consistently put rural adolescents at greater risk of direct and indirect victimization, and their role was stronger than that of rural adolescents’ delinquent involvement. No victimization outcomes were predicted by unstructured socializing with peers and structured activities. Attachment to family caregivers and neighborhood cohesion were the strongest social guardianship predictors across all forms of victimization. These results suggest that alongside social guardianship and delinquent lifestyles, rural isolation should be addressed in managing juvenile victimization. The insignificant role of unstructured socializing with peers may raise the need to clarify its conceptual relevance to rural settings. The implications for improving the underdeveloped preventive measures against victimization of rural adolescent populations in developing societies are described.

BACKGROUND: The first UK guidelines for the management of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) were published by the British Association of Dermatologists (BAD) in 2018. The guidelines contained a set of audit criteria. AIM: To evaluate current HS management against the audit standards in the BAD guidelines. METHODS: BAD members were invited to complete audit questionnaires between January and May 2020 for five consecutive patients with HS per department. RESULTS: In total, 88 centres participated, providing data for 406 patients. Disease staging using the Hurley system and disease severity using a validated tool during follow-ups was documented in 75% and 56% of cases, respectively, while quality of life and pain were documented in 49% and 50% of cases, respectively. Screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors was as follows: smoking 75%, body mass index 27% and others such as lipids and diabetes 57%. Screening for depression and anxiety was performed in 40% and 25% of cases, respectively. Support for smokers or obese patients was documented in 35% and 23% of cases. In total, 182 patients were on adalimumab, of whom 68% had documentation of baseline disease severity, and 76% were reported as having inadequate response or contraindications to systemic treatments; 44% of patients continued on adalimumab despite having < 25% improvement in lesion count. CONCLUSION: UK dermatologists performed well against several audit standards, including documenting disease staging at baseline and smoking status. However, improvements are needed, particularly with regard to screening and management of comorbidities that could reduce the long-term complications associated with HS. A re-audit is required to evaluate changes in practice in the future.

BACKGROUND: Self-efficacy is a key psychosocial factor influencing the outcome of vocational rehabilitation programs. There is lack of a validated job-seeking self-efficacy measure for Chinese persons with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the Chinese version of the Job-Seeking Self-Efficacy Scale (C-JSS) developed by Barlow, Wright, and Cullen (2002) and to examine its psychometric properties using a Chinese sample of persons with disabilities. METHODS: JSS was first translated into Chinese and reviewed by vocational rehabilitation practitioners and persons with disabilities. Ninety-seven Chinese participants with disabilities were recruited to fill in the questionnaire of JSS and other questions. The internal consistency, structural and coverage validities of C-JSS were evaluated. RESULTS: C-JSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.95) and unidimensional factorial structure. For concurrent validity, there were significant correlations between C-JSS with the score of WHODAS 2.0 (p = 0.001), educational level (p

Background There is increasing use of anti-osteoporotic agents (AOA) worldwide for prevention or management of patients with osteoporosis. However, there have been reports of severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) induced by AOA. A recent study showed weak association between HLA and strontium ranelate (SR)-SCAR. Objective To characterize patients with AOA-SCAR and investigate the HLA association and utility of in vitro diagnostic methods. Methods We enrolled 16 cases with AOA-cutaneous adverse drug reactions (cADR), including SCAR (n = 10: 8 with Stevens-Johnson syndrome [SJS] and 2 with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms [DRESS]) and maculopapular exanthema (MPE) (n = 6) from Taiwan and Hong Kong. We analysed the clinical characteristics, outcomes, HLA alleles and in vitro testing of AOA-SCAR, and tolerability to alternative drugs. We further performed literature review and meta-analysis on the HLA association of AOA-SCAR. Results Our data showed strontium ranelate is the most common causality of AOA-SCAR in Asian populations. There was no cross-hypersensitivity of SR-SCAR with other AOA. HLA genotyping showed that SR-SJS was most significantly associated with HLA-A*33:03 (Pc = 5.17 × 10-3 , OR: 25.97, 95% CI: 3.08-219.33). Meta-analysis showed that HLA-A*33:03 was associated with SR-SJS (P = 5.01 × 10-5 ; sensitivity: 85.7%) in Asians. The sensitivity of lymphocyte activation test (LAT) for identifying the culprit drug of SR-SJS was 83.3%. Conclusions Strontium ranelate is identified as the most notorious AOA associated with SCAR. The HLA-A*33:03 genetic allele and LAT testing may add benefits to the diagnosis of SR-SCAR in patients whose reaction developed while taking multiple drugs.

The epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) located at the apical membrane in many epithelia is the rate-limiting step for Na+ reabsorption. Tight regulation of the plasma membrane population of ENaC is required, as hypertension or hypotension may result if too many or too few ENaCs are present. Endocytosed ENaC travels to the early endosome and is then either trafficked to the lysosome for degradation or recycled back to the plasma membrane. Recently, the retromer recycling complex, located at the early endosome, has been implicated in plasma membrane protein recycling pathways. We hypothesized that the retromer is required for recycling of ENaC. Stabilization of retromer function with the retromer stabilizing chaperone R55 increased ENaC current, whereas knockdown or overexpression of individual retromer and associated proteins altered ENaC current and cell surface population of ENaC. KIBRA was identified as an ENaC-binding protein allowing ENaC to link to sorting nexin 4 to alter ENaC trafficking. Knockdown of the retromer-associated cargo-binding sorting nexin 27 protein did not alter ENaC current, whereas CCDC22, a CCC-complex protein, coimmunoprecipitated with ENaC, and CCDC22 knockdown decreased ENaC current and population at the cell surface. Together, our results confirm that retromer and the CCC complex play a role in recycling of ENaC to the plasma membrane.

Targeting proteins to a specific membrane is crucial for proper epithelial cell function. KCa3.1, a calcium-activated, intermediate-conductance potassium channel, is targeted to the basolateral membrane (BLM) in epithelial cells. Surprisingly, the mechanism of KCa3.1 membrane targeting is poorly understood. We previously reported that targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM of epithelial cells is Myosin-Vc-, Rab1-and Rab8-dependent. Here, we examine the role of the SNARE proteins VAMP3, SNAP-23 and syntaxin 4 (STX-4) in the targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM of Fischer rat thyroid (FRT) epithelial cells. We carried out immunoblot, siRNA and Ussing chamber experiments on FRT cells, stably expressing KCa3.1-BLAP/Bir-A-KDEL, grown as high-resistance monolayers. siRNA-mediated knockdown of VAMP3 reduced BLM expression of KCa3.1 by 57 ± 5% (p ≤ 0.05, n = 5). Measurements of BLM-localized KCa3.1 currents, in Ussing chambers, demonstrated knockdown of VAMP3 reduced KCa3.1 current by 70 ± 4% (p ≤ 0.05, n = 5). Similarly, siRNA knockdown of SNAP-23 reduced the expression of KCa3.1 at the BLM by 56 ± 7% (p ≤ 0.01, n = 6) and reduced KCa3.1 current by 80 ± 11% (p ≤ 0.05, n = 6). Also, knockdown of STX-4 lowered the BLM expression of KCa3.1 by 54 ± 6% (p ≤ 0.05, n = 5) and reduced KCa3.1 current by 78 ± 11% (p ≤ 0.05, n = 5). Finally, co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated associations between KCa3.1, VAMP3, SNAP-23 and STX-4. These data indicate that VAMP3, SNAP-23 and STX-4 are critical for the targeting KCa3.1 to BLM of polarized epithelial cells.

Explore the feasibility, tolerability, and early efficacy of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) as a therapeutic intervention for youth with cognitive persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS).tDCS improves performance on a dual task working memory (WM) paradigm in youth with cognitive PPCS.Twelve youth experiencing cognitive PPCS.A quasi-randomized pilot trial was used to explore the tolerability of, and performance differences on, a dual N-Back WM task paired with active or sham tDCS over 3 sessions.Accuracy and reaction time on WM task and self-report of tDCS tolerability.Trends toward increases in accuracy from Day 1 to 3 seen in both groups. Active tDCS group performed better than sham on Day 2 in N-Back level N2 (p = .019), and marginally better than the sham group on Day 3 in level N3 (p = .26). Participants reported tDCS as tolerable; compared to the active tDCS group, the sham group reported more "considerable" (p = .078) and "strong" symptoms (p = .097).tDCS is a promising tool for enhancing WM performance and is a feasible and tolerable adjunct to behavioral interventions in youth with cognitive PPCS. A clinical trial to demonstrate efficacy is warranted.

Objectives This study explored whether the excess cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) risk in RA could be ameliorated by suppression of inflammation using a treat-to-target (T2T) approach. We compared the CV event (CVE) incidence among ERA patients managed by a T2T strategy with a CV risk factor-matched non-RA population and a historical RA cohort (HRA). Methods This was an observational study using the city-wide hospital data and the ERA registry. ERA patients received T2T management while HRA patients received routine care. Each ERA/HRA patient was matched to three non-RA controls according to age, gender and CV risk factors. Patients on antiplatelet/anticoagulant agents, with pre-existing CVD, chronic kidney disease or other autoimmune diseases were excluded. All subjects were followed for up to 5 years. The primary end point was the first occurrence of a CVE. Results The incidence of CVE in the ERA cohort (n = 261) and ERA controls were similar with a hazard ratio of 0.53 (95% CI 0.15, 1.79). In contrast, the incidence of CVE in the HRA cohort (n = 268) was significantly higher than that of the HRA controls with a hazard ratio of 1.9 (95% CI 1.16, 3.13). The incidence of CVE in the ERA cohort was significantly lower than that of the HRA cohort and the difference became insignificant after adjusting for inflammation, the use of methotrexate and traditional CV risk factors. Conclusion ERA patients managed by a T2T strategy did not develop excess CVE compared with CV risk factor-matched controls over 5 years.

CARF (Collaborator of ARF) was discovered as an ARF-interacting protein that activated ARF-p53-p21(WAF1) signaling involved in cellular response to a variety of stresses, including oxidative, genotoxic, oncogenic, or telomere deprotection stresses, leading to senescence, growth arrest, or apoptosis. Of note, whereas suppression of CARF was lethal, its enrichment was associated with increased proliferation and malignant transformation of cells. These reports have predicted that CARF could serve as a multi-stress marker with a predictive value for cell fates. Here, we recruited various in vitro stress models and examined their effect on CARF expression using human normal fibroblasts. We demonstrate that CARF levels in stress and post-stress conditions could predict the fate of cells towards either death or enhanced proliferation and malignant transformation. We provide extensive molecular evidence that (i) CARF expression changes in response to stress, (ii) it modulates cell death or survival signaling and determines the fate of cells, and (iii) it may serve as a predictive measure of cellular response to stress and an important marker for biosafety. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12192-020-01088-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Renal Na+reabsorption, facilitated by the epithelial Na+channel (ENaC), is subject to multiple forms of control to ensure optimal body blood volume and pressure through altering both the ENaC population and activity at the cell surface. Here, the focus is on regulating the number of ENaCs present in the apical membrane domain through pathways of ENaC synthesis and targeting to the apical membrane as well as ENaC removal, recycling, and degradation. Finally, the mechanisms by which ENaC trafficking pathways are regulated are summarized.

Deep hypothermic perfusionless circulatory arrest was the first practical neuroprotective technique used for open-heart surgery. It was refined at the Novosibirsk Medical Research Center in Siberia and was actively used from the mid-1950s until 2001.This review describes the development of this technique and its contribution to our understanding of the dynamic changes in human physiology during induced hypothermia for circulatory arrest without extracorporeal perfusion. Deep hypothermic perfusionless circulatory arrest was an important stepping stone in the development of modern approaches in neuroprotection and monitoring during cardiac surgery.

A robust association between dispositional envy and happiness was primarily concluded among young adults. As social contexts can vary across developmental stages, the effect of dispositional envy may be enhanced or diminished in different age groups. Thus, the present research attempted to quantify the differential associations between dispositional envy and happiness among adolescents and young adults (N = 586). Moreover, we examined another important question of why the association differed across the two age groups. Using mediated moderation analysis, we found a stronger association between dispositional envy and happiness among young adults than adolescents. We also revealed that self-esteem was a valid mechanism to unpack the differential associations across two age groups.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Purpose This study translated the reaction to impairment and disability inventory (RIDI) to Chinese and validated it for use in Hong Kong. Methods We conducted an instrument validation of the Chinese RIDI, with a sample of 244 persons with CID. The research questionnaire collected demographic information, illness-related variables, the Chinese version of RIDI (C-RIDI), and measures of resilience and well-being. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and criterion-related validity of the C-RIDI. Results The C-RIDI has good content validity and no major changes to the translated items were needed for the use in Hong Kong. For factor structure, we replicated the results of Livneh et al. The C-RIDI has two second-order factors of adaptive and nonadaptive scales, which interact with the two denial subscales. Internal consistency of the subscales is satisfactory except for the three-item denial subscales. Correlations of the C-RIDI subscales with illness-related variables, resilience, and mental well-being are consistent with our hypotheses and provide support for the convergent and criterion-related validity of the scale. Conclusions The C-RIDI has satisfactory psychometric properties. The study results support its internal consistency, convergent validity, criterion-related validity, and factorial validity. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Emotional adjustment to chronic illness and disability is a key determinant of illness self-management, mental well-being, and quality of life. The study translated the reaction to impairment and disability inventory into Chinese and conducted a psychometric evaluation of the translated instrument. The Chinese RIDI had a similar second-order factor structure as in the validation studies of the English version, and result of this confirmatory factor analysis support the theory underlying the design of the RIDI. The Chinese RIDI had satisfactory convergent and criterion-related validity and internal consistency, and is ready for application in rehabilitation practice and research in the Chinese context. Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University (Project No. P0001302).

Introduction: Obesity is a public health crisis in the USA. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of obesity and severe obesity in US children and adolescents and identify novel targetable risk factors associated with childhood obesity. Methods: From the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, 35,907 children aged 2–19 with body mass index (BMI) data were included. Obesity and severe obesity were defined as BMI ≥95th percentile and ≥120% of 95th percentile of US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts, respectively. Trends in the prevalence of obesity and subgroup analyses according to socioeconomic factors and language used in the interview were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of obesity and severe obesity increased from 14.7 [95% confidence interval: 12.9–17.0]% to 19.2 [17.2–21.0]% and 3.9 [2.9–5.0]% to 6.1 [4.8–8.0]% in 1999–2018, respectively (p = 0.001 and p = 0.014, respectively). In 2017–2018, the prevalence of obesity among children from Spanish-speaking households was 24.4 [22.4–27.0]%, higher than children from English-speaking households (p = 0.027). Conclusion: The prevalence of childhood obesity kept increasing in 1999–2018. The problem is worse in children from Spanish-speaking households. Novel and targeted public health intervention strategies are urgently warranted to effectively halt the rising epidemic of childhood obesity.

A bioorthogonal reaction between N,N -dialkylhydroxylamines and push-pull-activated halogenated alkynes is described. We explore the use of rehybridization effects in activating alkynes, and we show that electronic effects, when competing stereoelectronic and inductive factors are properly balanced, sufficiently activate a linear alkyne in the uncatalyzed conjugative retro-Cope elimination reaction while adequately protecting it against cellular nucleophiles. This design preserves the low steric profile of an alkyne and pairs it with a comparably unobtrusive hydroxylamine. The kinetics are on par with those of the fastest strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions, the products regioselectively formed, the components sufficiently stable and easily installed, and the reaction suitable for cellular labeling.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Additional file 1 STROBE Statement, Checklist of items that should be included in reports of cross-sectional studies.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-6-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology

Supplemental material, sj-doc-1-hpq-10.1177_1359105321990806 for Relationships between resilience and quality of life in parents of children with cancer by Y. H. Luo, W. H. C. Li, A. T. Cheung, L. L. K. Ho, W. Xia, X. L. He, J. P. Zhang and J. O. K. Chung in Journal of Health Psychology