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RESEARCH QUESTIONS: Sport-for-All encompasses efforts to make organised sport accessible for all people. Although Sport-for-All is integrated in sport federations’ missions, many organisations struggle to attain their Sport-for-All goals. In particular, the Sport-for-All logic of sport federations is challenged by several institutional trends. By applying an institutional theory perspective, our study explores to what extent and how sport federations respond to the trends challenging their Sport-for-All logic. RESEARCH METHODS: To measure the response of sport federations, a newly developed questionnaire, based on the model of Greenwood et al. (2002). [Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58–80.], was sent to all recognised Flemish sport federations (n = 70). In total, 53 sport federations participated in our study. RESULTS AND FINDINGS: Our results revealed that 53% of the federations reported a high degree of response to the trends. Furthermore, a cluster analysis based on a quantitative application of Greenwood et al.’s (2002). [Theorizing change: The role of professional associations in the transformation of institutionalized fields. Academy of Management Journal, 45(1), 58–80.] institutional model distinguished five clusters of federations. These clusters indicated differences in the response towards the trends of Sport-for-All. In particular, our study demonstrated that not only institutional pressure but also the preinstitutionalisation and theorisation stages are important stages to trigger the sport federations’ response. IMPLICATIONS: Insights are provided into sport federations’ responses to the institutional trends of Sport-for-All informs sport federations and sport managers on how to adapt to the changing Sport-for-All landscape.

In homeotropically aligned nematics with negative dielectric anisotropy the electrohydrodynamic instability occurs above a bend Freedericksz transition. In the presence of a magnetic field parallel to the liquid crystal slab, ordered roll patterns with a well-defined uniform wave vector id appear above the onset of convection. By rotating the cell around an axis perpendicular to the slab by a small angle α, one can manipulate the system into a state with wave vector = id + Δ, where Δ is roughly perpendicular to id. We have studied experimentally the motion of defects, which then move essentially perpendicular to the rolls. The direction as well as the magnitude of the velocity as a function of Δ agrees with predictions of the weakly nonlinear theory. In particular, we obtain evidence for the nonanalyticity for Δ → 0.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of fear appeals in preventing shoplifting among adolescents. We study the effects of type of punishment (social disapproval versus fines), probability of getting caught when shoplifting and severity of the punishment. Results show that social punishment messages should stress severe levels of social disapproval when the chance of getting caught is low. When social disapproval messages imply a high probability of apprehension, the severity of social rejection makes no difference for the shoplifting intentions. Finally, messages focusing on fines should depict large instead of small fines, irrespective of the communicated probability of getting caught

A 23-year-old man survived a suicide attempt in which he had swallowed 1500 mg potassium cyanide. Initially there were cerebral seizure and marked lactacidosis. Six hours after hospital admission the cyanide blood level was 6 mg/l. The poisoning having at first not been recognized he at that time merely received supportive treatment to counteract the acidosis, as well as assisted ventilation with hyperventilation and hyperoxigenation. Afterwards, sodium thiosulphate was given additionally for 24 h at a dosage of 1 g per hour. The clinical course underlines the great importance of supportive measures in the treatment of cyanide poisoning. In the individual case the balance between risk and value of an intrinsically toxic antidote administration must be critically assessed.

Clinical use of peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation following high-dose chemotherapy is increasingly used in the treatment of solid tumours and haematologic malignancies. As compared with rescue by autologous bone marrow cells, restoration with peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) shortens the period of pancytopenia post transplantation and reduces the risk of infection and bleeding.