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1. A study of the Queensland native mounted police force in the 1870's

Author

Susan Barnett

Subjects
Frontier, Race (biology), Law, media_common.quotation_subject, Political science, Institution, Sign (semiotics), Social environment, Aboriginal population, Optometry, Colonialism, media_common, Theme (narrative)
Abstract

Foreword The first notion of a native police corps was brought forward in the 1830s, by the penal reformer Alexander Maconochie. Its primary objective was to "give the native race an institution of which it could be proud, a means of raising Aboriginal morale." A similar idea had been applied and had proved successful in India. But in the Eastern Colonies of Australia and particularly later in Queensland, this initial concept did not become a reality. This thesis is an attempt to explore the theme that the Native Mounted Police Force which developed in Queensland, was really a part of what could be seen as a "tradition of violent expansion" in the nineteenth century colony. In view of the fact that the Corps played a major role in the frontier conflict, and the consequent destruction of a large percentage of the Aboriginal population, it is important to see how and why these actions were motivated. This inevitably must shed light upon the whole social context within which the Native Police operated. The thread of these ideas is followed through with respect to the organization of the Force, its activities, its justifications and the reactions it produced within the colonial community. The decade of the 1870's was chosen as the limitations of this study for two reasons. Firstly, the 70's displayed all the characteristics of the Force and its interaction with the society as well as having another important factor. This second point, was that by the end of the 70's the Native Police organization and its supporting ideas were showing some sign of change. Up to this time, the Force had undergone no reform, no revision. ………………………

Published
2020
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2. Growth Rates of Infants Randomized to Continuous Positive Airway Pressure or Intubation After Extremely Preterm Birth

Author

Jean R. Lowe, Yvonne E. Vaucher, Ira Adams-Chapman, Elizabeth F. Bruno, Paul Zlotnik, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Nancy Close, Alicia Guzman, Susan R. Hintz, Amanda Soong, Wade Rich, Alexandra Stroerger, Seetha Shankaran, Saba Siddiki, Sharon L. Wright, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, Gary David Markowitz, Linda Black, Anne M. DeBattista, Donald J. Goldstein, Monika Bhola, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Brenda H. Morris, Vivek Narendran, Patricia L. Ashley, Theresa M. Leach, Barbara J. Stoll, Gail Hounshell, Kim Francis, M. Bethany Ball, Laura A. Goldston, Michele C. Walsh, Amy K. Hutchinson, Tarah T. Colaizy, David K. Stevenson, Lisa K. Washburn, Meghan Lukasik, Abhik Das, Linda J. Reubens, Maureen Mulligan LaRossa, Rene Barbieri-Welge, John M. Fiascone, Ann B. Cook, Jon E. Tyson, Carlos Torres, Renee Bridge, Melinda S. Proud, John A. Widness, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Kathleen G. Nelson, Kristi L. Watterberg, Katherine A. Foy, Abbot R. Laptook, Dan Gingras, Bradley A. Yoder, Michelle Harwood Berkowits, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Janet Taft, Neil N. Finer, Fred J. Biasini, J. M. DiFiore, James P. Kiley, Anthony J. Piazza, Shahnaz Duara, William F. Malcolm, Lizette E. Torres, Kathy J. Auten, Dianne E. Herron, Mike Steffens, Nancy Peters, Sally Whitley, Nancy S. Newman, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Nancy A. Miller, Sarah Martin, Beverly Foley Harris, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Linda A. Madden, Gloria V. Smikle, Kathy Arnell, Kristen C. Johnston, Anna M. Dusick, Martha G. Fuller, Heike M. Minnich, Vineet Bhandari, Donna Posin, Kate Bridges, Martha R. Leonard, Roy J. Heyne, Noelle Younge, Christine G. Butler, Patricia Gettner, Carolyn M. Petrie Huitema, Sharon F. Freedman, Rachel V. Walden, Helina Pierre, Waldemar A. Carlo, Robert G. Dillard, Joanne Williams, Ellen Nylen, Margarita Jiminez, Victoria E. Watson, Sheena L. Carter, Richard V. Rector, Barbara Alksninis, David Wang, Bill Cashore, Kimberley A. Fisher, Susie Buchter, Michael J. Acarregui, Bonnie E. Stephens, Alexis N. Diaz, W. Kenneth Poole, Ana K. Brussa, Alexis S. Davis, Carolyn Lytle, Jill Burnett, Laura Grau, Bonnie S. Siner, Melissa Whalen Morris, Karen A. Osborne, Melinda Caskey, Cryshelle S. Patterson, Renee P. Pyle, Laura L. Whitely, Harriet Friedman, Sheree York, Kelley Yost, Emily Kushner, Rebecca Bara, Cathy Grisby, Arlene Zadell, Barbara D. Alexander, Ivan D. Frantz, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, James W. Pickett, Karen J. Johnson, Sheila Greisman, Susan Barnett, Beena G. Sood, Ann M. Blackwelder, Catherine Twell Boatman, Gary J. Myers, Athina Pappas, Ariel A. Salas, Jean G. Kohn, Ayala Ben-Tall, Ellen C. Hale, Brenda B. Poindexter, Rosemary D. Higgins, Elisabeth Dinkins, Elizabeth T. Heyne, Teresa L. Gratton, Kerry Wilder, Jonathan W. Mink, Regina A. Gargus, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Rebecca Montman, Charles R. Bauer, Dale L. Phelps, Jamie E. Newman, Leslie Dawn Wilson, Pablo J. Sánchez, Alan H. Jobe, Monica Konstantino, Melody B. Lohmeyer, Monica V. Collins, Charles Green, Hali E. Weiss, Elizabeth Billian, Dorothy B. Gail, Clarence Demetrio, Kurt Schibler, Mary Anne Berberich, Leslie Rodriguez, David K. Wallace, Shabnam Lainwala, Betty R. Vohr, Sobha Fritz, Kasey Hamlin-Smith, William Oh, Deborah Pontillo, David P. Carlton, Cheryl Runyan, Arielle Riguard, Shawna Baker, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Sara Krzywanski, Shirley S. Cosby, Barbara Bentley, Gaynelle Hensley, Walid A. Salhab, Joan Merzbach, Cecelia E. Sibley, James Allen, Elaine Romano, C. Michael Cotten, Maria Hopkins, Vivien Phillips, Kimberly Yolton, Michael S. Caplan, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Andrea Milena Becerra Garcia, Kirstin J. Bailey, Margaret L. Poundstone, Diana M. Vasil, Cherrie D. Welch, Sarah Lillie, Ellen Waldrep, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Gulgun Yalcinkaya, Kalida Mehta, Patricia W. Evans, Harris Gelbard, Carroll Peterson, Angelita M. Hensman, Sylvia Hiriart-Fajardo, Edward F. Donovan, Barbara Do, James Wilkes, Marie G. Gantz, Nicholas H. St. John, Elaine O. Mathews, Harris C. Jacobs, Deborah Evans Allred, Rosemary L. Jensen, Suzy Ventura, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Dawn Andrews, Walter Gilliam, Kristen Angela, Mary Johnson, Katharine Johnson, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Barbara G. Jackson, Betty K. Hastings, Holly L. Mincey, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Brenda L. MacKinnon, JoAnn Poulsen, Pat Cervone, Edward F. Bell, T. Michael O'Shea, Janet S. Morgan, Elaine Ito, Julie Rohr, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Patti L. Pierce Tate, Laura Cole, Maria Calejo, Dennis Wallace, Paul Wozniak, Maynard Rasmussen, Robin K. Ohls, Lisa Augostino, Silvia M. Frade Eguaras, Faithe Hamer, Julie Babish Johnson, Karen Zanetti, Roger G. Faix, Maria Elena DeAnda, Ronald N. Goldberg, James A. Lemons, Diane Hust, Stacy Reddoch, Karie Bird, Jody Hessling, Araceli Solis, Carol J. Blaisdell, Raquel Halfond, Erica Burnell, Nirupama Laroia, Georgia E. McDavid, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Sally S. Adams, Korinne Chiu, Cynthia Spencer, Lucy Noel, Melissa Martin, Nora I. Alaniz, James R. Moore, Ricki F. Goldstein, Janell Fuller, Melissa H. Lepps, Anne Furey, Diane L. Eastman, Jonathan M. Klein, and Anna E. Lis

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, medicine.medical_treatment, Gestational Age, Lower risk, Article, Child Development, Positive airway pressure, Intubation, Intratracheal, medicine, Humans, Intubation, Oximetry, Continuous positive airway pressure, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Postmenstrual Age, Gestational age, Pulmonary Surfactants, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Gestation, Female, Energy Intake, business
Abstract

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of early treatment with CPAP on nutritional intake and in-hospital growth rates of extremely preterm (EPT) infants. STUDY DESIGN: EPT infants (24–0/7 to 27–6/7 weeks of gestation) enrolled in the Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial (SUPPORT) were included. EPT infants who died before 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age (PMA) were excluded. The growth rates from birth to 36 weeks’ PMA and follow-up outcomes at 18–22 months’ corrected age of EPT infants randomized at birth to either early CPAP (intervention group) or early intubation for surfactant administration (control group) were analyzed. RESULTS: 810 of 1316 infants enrolled in SUPPORT (414 in intervention group, 396 in control group) had growth data analyzed. Median gestational age was 26 weeks and mean birthweight was 839 grams. Baseline characteristics, total nutritional intake, and in-hospital comorbidities were not significantly different between groups. In a regression model, growth rates between birth and 36 weeks’ PMA as well as growth rates during multiple intervals from birth to day 7, day 7 to14, day 14 to 21, day 21 to 28, day 28 to 32 weeks’ PMA, and 32 weeks’ PMA to 36 weeks’ PMA did not differ between treatment groups. Independent of treatment group, higher growth rates from day 21 to day 28 were associated with a lower risk of Bayley III cognitive score

Published
2021
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3. Use of Viral Load as a Surrogate Marker in Clinical Studies of Cytomegalovirus in Solid Organ Transplantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Author

Gary Fahle, Robin K. Avery, Debra Birnkrant, Jeffrey C. Murray, Yoshihiko Murata, Mary Singer, Randi Y. Leavitt, Hans H. Hirsch, Lynn Fallon, Francisco Martinez-Murillo, John E. McKinnon, Gavin Cloherty, Randall Lanier, Rekha Abichandani, Philip R. Krause, Sally Mossman, M Michelle Berrey, Wael Saber, Ali Alghamdi, John A. D. Leake, Raymund R. Razonable, Takashi E. Komatsu, Emily A. Blumberg, Mahmood Tazari, Kurt Gunter, Thomas Mertens, Jens D Lundgren, Yoichiro Natori, Sunwen Chou, Kevin Modarress, Jay Erdman, Li Li, Terry Bowlin, Peter W. Hunt, William Cruikshank, Anna Wijatyk, Frank Kuhr, Garrett Nichols, Aimee Hodowanec, Marcie L. Riches, Shahid Husain, Karl S. Peggs, Jules O'Rear, Johann Mols, Filip Josephson, Christopher Lademacher, Paul Baum, Bernhardt Zeiher, Paul D. Griffiths, Susan Barnett, Mark N. Prichard, Michael Boeckh, Roy F. Chemaly, Megan McCutcheon, Thomas Stamminger, Fausto Baldanti, Chalom Sayada, Veronica Miller, Andreas Pikis, Atul Humar, Dimitri Gonzalez, Barbara D. Alexander, Jennifer Brooks, Jeff Roberts, Camille N. Kotton, Hermann Einsele, Tadd Lazarus, David Boutolleau, Deepali Kumar, Sandra Nusinoff Lehrman, Ani Orchanian-Cheff, Howard Mayer, Heather Gillis, Dong Yu, David Murawski, Per Ljungman, Paula Isabelle Lodding, and Lesia K. Dropulic

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Ganciclovir, medicine.medical_specialty, Cytomegalovirus, Viremia, Disease, 030230 surgery, Antiviral Agents, Gastroenterology, Organ transplantation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, business.industry, Surrogate endpoint, Incidence, Incidence (epidemiology), virus diseases, Organ Transplantation, Odds ratio, Viral Load, medicine.disease, Transplant Recipients, Infectious Diseases, Cytomegalovirus Infections, DNA, Viral, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, Viral load, Biomarkers, medicine.drug
Abstract

Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease has been the standard endpoint for clinical trials in organ transplant recipients. Viral load may be a more relevant endpoint due to low frequency of disease. We performed a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. We found several lines of evidence to support the validity of viral load as an appropriate surrogate end-point, including the following: (1) viral loads in CMV disease are significantly greater than in asymptomatic viremia (odds ratio, 9.3 95% confidence interval, 4.6-19.3); (2) kinetics of viral replication are strongly associated with progression to disease; (3) pooled incidence of CMV viremia and disease is significantly lower during prophylaxis compared with the full patient follow-up period (viremia incidence: 3.2% vs 34.3%; P < .001) (disease incidence: 1.1% vs 13.0%; P < .001); (4) treatment of viremia prevented disease; and (5) viral load decline correlated with symptom resolution. Based on the analysis, we conclude that CMV load is an appropriate surrogate endpoint for CMV trials in organ transplant recipients.

Published
2017
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4. Behavioral Deficits at 18-22 Months of Age Are Associated with Early Cerebellar Injury and Cognitive and Language Performance in Children Born Extremely Preterm

Author

Andrea F. Duncan, Carla M. Bann, Allison Dempsey, Myriam Peralta-Carcelen, Susan Hintz, Alan H. Jobe, Michael S. Caplan, Abbot R. Laptook, Betty R. Vohr, William Oh, Angelita M. Hensman, Barbara Alksninis, Dawn Andrews, Kristen Angela, Susan Barnett, Bill Cashore, Melinda Caskey, Kim Francis, Dan Gingras, Katharine Johnson, Theresa M. Leach, Bonnie E. Stephens, Victoria E. Watson, Michele C. Walsh, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Nancy S. Newman, Deanne E. Wilson-Costello, Bonnie S. Siner, Arlene Zadell, Julie DiFiore, Monika Bhola, Harriet G. Friedman, Gulgun Yalcinkaya, Dorothy Bulas, Ronald N. Goldberg, C. Michael Cotten, Ricki F. Goldstein, Patricia Ashley, Kathy J. Auten, Kimberley A. Fisher, Katherine A. Foy, Sharon F. Freedman, Kathryn E. Gustafson, Melody B. Lohmeyer, William F. Malcolm, David K. Wallace, David P. Carlton, Barbara J. Stoll, Ira Adams-Chapman, Susie Buchter, Anthony J. Piazza, Sheena Carter, Sobha Fritz, Ellen C. Hale, Amy K. Hutchinson, Maureen Mulligan LaRossa, Rosemary D. Higgins, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Gregory M. Sokol, Brenda B. Poindexter, Anna M. Dusick, James A. Lemons, Leslie D. Wilson, Faithe Hamer, Ann B. Cook, Dianne E. Herron, Carolyn Lytle, Heike M. Minnich, Mary Anne Berberich, Carol J. Blaisdell, Dorothy B. Gail, James P. Kiley, Abhik Das, Marie G. Gantz, Jamie E. Newman, Helen Cheng, Betty K. Hastings, Elizabeth M. McClure, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Carolyn Petrie Huitema, W. Kenneth Poole, James W. Pickett, Dennis Wallace, Lisa A. Wrage, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P. Van Meurs, David K. Stevenson, M. Bethany Ball, Patrick D. Barnes, Barbara Bentley, Elizabeth F. Bruno, Maria Elena DeAnda, Anne M. DeBattista, Jean G. Kohn, Melinda S. Proud, Renee P. Pyle, Hali E. Weiss, Ivan D. Frantz, John M. Fiascone, Elisabeth C. McGowan, Anne Furey, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Ellen Nylen, Ana Brussa, Cecelia Sibley, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Vivien A. Phillips, Kirstin J. Bailey, Fred J. Biasini, Maria Hopkins, Kristen C. Johnston, Kathleen G. Nelson, Cryshelle S. Patterson, Richard V. Rector, Leslie Rodriguez, Amanda Soong, Sally Whitley, Sheree York, Neil N. Finer, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Paul R. Wozniak, Yvonne E. Vaucher, Wade Rich, Kathy Arnell, Rene Barbieri-Welge, Ayala Ben-Tall, Renee Bridge, Clarence Demetrio, Martha G. Fuller, Elaine Ito, Meghan Lukasik, Deborah Pontillo, Donna Posin, Cheryl Runyan, James Wilkes, Paul Zlotnik, Edward F. Bell, John A. Widness, Michael J. Acarregui, Jonathan M. Klein, Tarah T. Colaizy, Karen J. Johnson, Diane L. Eastman, Shahnaz Duara, Charles R. Bauer, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Maria Calejo, Alexis N. Diaz, Silvia M. Frade Eguaras, Andrea Garcia, Kasey Hamlin-Smith, Michelle Harwood Berkowits, Sylvia Hiriart-Fajardo, Elaine O. Mathews, Helina Pierre, Arielle Riguard, Alexandra Stroerger, Kristi L. Watterberg, Robin K. Ohls, Janell Fuller, Julie Rohr, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Jean Lowe, Rebecca Montman, Sandra Brown, Nirupama Laroia, Dale L. Phelps, Gary J. Myers, Gary D. Markowitz, Linda J. Reubens, Diane Hust, Lisa Augostino, Julie Babish Johnson, Erica Burnell, Harris Gelbard, Rosemary L. Jensen, Emily Kushner, Joan Merzbach, Jonathan Mink, Carlos Torres, David Wang, Kelley Yost, Pablo J. Sánchez, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Walid A. Salhab, Roy J. Heyne, Sally S. Adams, James Allen, Laura Grau, Alicia Guzman, Gaynelle Hensley, Elizabeth T. Heyne, Jackie F. Hickman, Melissa H. Leps, Linda A. Madden, Melissa Martin, Nancy A. Miller, Janet S. Morgan, Araceli Solis, Lizette E. Torres, Catherine Twell Boatman, Diana M. Vasil, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Jon E. Tyson, Patricia W. Evans, Esther G. Akpa, Nora I. Alaniz, Beverly Foley Harris, Charles Green, Margarita Jiminez, Anna E. Lis, Sarah Martin, Georgia E. McDavid, Brenda H. Morris, Margaret L. Poundstone, Stacy Reddoch, Saba Siddiki, Patti L. Pierce Tate, Sharon L. Wright, Bradley A. Yoder, Roger G. Faix, Shawna Baker, Karie Bird, Anna E. Bullwinkle, Jill Burnett, Laura Cole, Karen A. Osborne, Cynthia Spencer, R. Edison Steele, Michael Steffen, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, T. Michael O'Shea, Robert G. Dillard, Lisa K. Washburn, Nancy J. Peters, Barbara G. Jackson, Korinne Chiu, Deborah Evans Allred, Donald J. Goldstein, Raquel Halfond, Carroll Peterson, Ellen L. Waldrep, Cherrie D. Welch, Melissa Whalen Morris, Gail Wiley Hounshell, Seetha Shankaran, Beena G. Sood, Thomas L. Slovis, Athina Pappas, Rebecca Bara, Elizabeth Billian, Laura A. Goldston, and Mary Johnson

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Transcranial, Neuroimaging, Neuropsychological Tests, Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Child Development, Cerebellar Diseases, 030225 pediatrics, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, Competence (human resources), business.industry, Brain, Infant, Cognition, Child development, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Language development, Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Objective To investigate associations in toddlers born extremely preterm ( Study design Cohort analysis from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Study of infants born extremely preterm. Subjects underwent cranial ultrasonography and near-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). At 18-22 months of corrected age, the assessment included the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) Problem and Competence Scale scores and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III). The BITSEA Problem Scale assesses dysregulation; the Competence Scale assesses social-emotional competence. We examined associations of Problem and Competence scores and positive screen rates with cranial ultrasonography and near-term MRI. Mean BITSEA and Bayley-III scores were compared using ANOVA and positive screen rates with the χ2 test. We computed correlations between BITSEA and Bayley-III scores. Results Of the 397 children, positive BITSEA screens were found in 34% for the Problem score and 26% for the Competence score. Presence of lesions on near-term MRI that included cerebellar lesions were significantly associated with lower BITSEA Competence but not with Problem scores; Competence scores were inversely related to the presence/significance of lesions. Positive screens on Competence scores and on both Competence and Problem scores were significantly associated with Bayley-III cognitive and language scores Conclusions Social–emotional competence contributes to deficits in cognitive and language development. Presence of injury on near-term MRI that includes cerebellar lesions is associated with later social–emotional competence and may be a useful predictor to guide early assessment and intervention. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00063063 and NCT00233324 .

Published
2018

5. Markers of Successful Extubation in Extremely Preterm Infants, and Morbidity After Failed Extubation

Author

Sanjay Chawla, Girija Natarajan, Seetha Shankaran, Benjamin Carper, Luc P. Brion, Martin Keszler, Waldemar A. Carlo, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Marie G. Gantz, Abhik Das, Neil Finer, Ronald N. Goldberg, C. Michael Cotten, Rosemary D. Higgins, Alan H. Jobe, Michael S. Caplan, Richard A. Polin, Abbot R. Laptook, William Oh, Angelita M. Hensman, Dan Gingras, Susan Barnett, Sarah Lillie, Kim Francis, Dawn Andrews, Kristen Angela, Michele C. Walsh, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Nancy S. Newman, Bonnie S. Siner, Kurt Schibler, Edward F. Donovan, Vivek Narendran, Kate Bridges, Barbara Alexander, Cathy Grisby, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Holly L. Mincey, Jody Hessling, Kathy J. Auten, Kimberly A. Fisher, Katherine A. Foy, Gloria Siaw, Barbara J. Stoll, Susie Buchter, Anthony Piazza, David P. Carlton, Ellen C. Hale, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Brenda B. Poindexter, James A. Lemons, Faithe Hamer, Dianne E. Herron, Lucy C. Miller, Leslie D. Wilson, Mary Anne Berberich, Carol J. Blaisdell, Dorothy B. Gail, James P. Kiley, W. Kenneth Poole, Margaret Cunningham, Betty K. Hastings, Amanda R. Irene, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, Carolyn Petrie Huitema, James W. Pickett, Dennis Wallace, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Krisa P. Van Meurs, David K. Stevenson, M. Bethany Ball, Melinda S. Proud, Ivan D. Frantz, John M. Fiascone, Anne Furey, Brenda L. MacKinnon, Ellen Nylen, Monica V. Collins, Shirley S. Cosby, Vivien A. Phillips, Maynard R. Rasmussen, Paul R. Wozniak, Wade Rich, Kathy Arnell, Renee Bridge, Clarence Demetrio, Edward F. Bell, John A. Widness, Jonathan M. Klein, Karen J. Johnson, Shahnaz Duara, Ruth Everett-Thomas, Kristi L. Watterberg, Robin K. Ohls, Julie Rohr, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Dale L. Phelps, Nirupama Laroia, Linda J. Reubens, Erica Burnell, Pablo J. Sánchez, Charles R. Rosenfeld, Walid A. Salhab, James Allen, Alicia Guzman, Gaynelle Hensley, Melissa H. Lepps, Melissa Martin, Nancy A. Miller, Araceli Solis, Diana M. Vasil, Kerry Wilder, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Jon E. Tyson, Brenda H. Morris, Beverly Foley Harris, Anna E. Lis, Sarah Martin, Georgia E. McDavid, Patti L. Tate, Sharon L. Wright, Bradley A. Yoder, Roger G. Faix, Jill Burnett, Jennifer J. Jensen, Karen A. Osborne, Cynthia Spencer, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, T. Michael O'Shea, Nancy J. Peters, Beena G. Sood, Rebecca Bara, Elizabeth Billian, Mary Johnson, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Harris C. Jacobs, Vineet Bhandari, Pat Cervone, Patricia Gettner, Monica Konstantino, JoAnn Poulsen, and Janet Taft

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Positive pressure, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, 030225 pediatrics, Fraction of inspired oxygen, medicine, Intubation, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Continuous positive airway pressure, Treatment Failure, Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Gestational age, Pulmonary Surfactants, medicine.disease, Surgery, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Anesthesia, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Airway Extubation, Apgar score, Female, Morbidity, business, Infant, Premature
Abstract

Objectives To identify variables associated with successful elective extubation, and to determine neonatal morbidities associated with extubation failure in extremely preterm neonates. Study design This study was a secondary analysis of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network's Surfactant, Positive Pressure, and Oxygenation Randomized Trial that included extremely preterm infants born at 240/7 to 276/7 weeks' gestation. Patients were randomized either to a permissive ventilatory strategy (continuous positive airway pressure group) or intubation followed by early surfactant (surfactant group). There were prespecified intubation and extubation criteria. Extubation failure was defined as reintubation within 5 days of extubation. Results Of 1316 infants in the trial, 1071 were eligible; 926 infants had data available on extubation status; 538 were successful and 388 failed extubation. The rate of successful extubation was 50% (188/374) in the continuous positive airway pressure group and 63% (350/552) in the surfactant group. Successful extubation was associated with higher 5-minute Apgar score, and pH prior to extubation, lower peak fraction of inspired oxygen within the first 24 hours of age and prior to extubation, lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide prior to extubation, and non-small for gestational age status after adjustment for the randomization group assignment. Infants who failed extubation had higher adjusted rates of mortality (OR 2.89), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.06), and death/ bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 3.27). Conclusions Higher 5-minute Apgar score, and pH prior to extubation, lower peak fraction of inspired oxygen within first 24 hours of age, lower partial pressure of carbon dioxide and fraction of inspired oxygen prior to extubation, and nonsmall for gestational age status were associated with successful extubation. Failed extubation was associated with significantly higher likelihood of mortality and morbidities. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov : NCT00233324 .

Published
2017

6. Patterns of Oxygenation, Mortality, and Growth Status in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial Cohort

Author

Charles R. Rosenfeld, Marcia Worley Mersmann, Edward F. Bell, Kristin M. Zaterka-Baxter, Kristi L. Watterberg, Alicia Guzman, Lucy Miller, Ruth Everett-Thomas, James P. Kiley, Faithe Hamer, Marie G. Gantz, M. Bethany Ball, Beverly Foley Harris, Karen J. Johnson, Conra Backstrom Lacy, Susan Barnett, Kate Bridges, Sarah Lillie, Pat Cervone, Laura Grau, Gaynelle Hensley, Kerry Wilder, Richard A. Ehrenkranz, Ellen C. Hale, Maynard Rasmussen, David K. Stevenson, Kristen Angela, Betty K. Hastings, Kurt Schibler, Angelita M. Hensman, Nancy S. Newman, Amy K. Hutchinson, Kim Francis, Nancy Peters, Mary Anne Berberich, Dennis Wallace, Beena G. Sood, Brenda H. Morris, Michele C. Walsh, Michael S. Caplan, John A. Widness, Harris C. Jacobs, Dawn Andrews, Krisa P. Van Meurs, Stephanie Wilson Archer, Mary Johnson, Ivan D. Frantz, Nathan Morris, Sarah Martin, Alan H. Jobe, Diana M. Vasil, T. Michael O'Shea, Shahnaz Duara, Carolyn M. Petrie Huitema, Ronald N. Goldberg, Dale L. Phelps, Margaret M. Crawford, Sharon F. Freedman, Shirley S. Cosby, Jeanette O'Donnell Auman, C. Michael Cotten, Ellen Nylen, Monica V. Collins, Elizabeth Billian, Patricia Gettner, Kathleen A. Kennedy, Richard A. Polin, Waldemar A. Carlo, Avroy A. Fanaroff, Roger G. Faix, Gary David Markowitz, James A. Lemons, Katherine A. Foy, Abbot R. Laptook, James Allen, Brenda B. Poindexter, Kimberly A. Fisher, Bradley A. Yoder, David K. Wallace, Seetha Shankaran, Walid A. Salhab, Brenda L. MacKinnon, JoAnn Poulsen, Kimberlee Weaver-Lewis, Susie Buchter, Karen A. Osborne, Nancy A. Miller, Jill Burnett, Arlene Zadell, William Oh, Sharon L. Wright, Juliann M. Di Fiore, Kathy J. Auten, Namasivayam Ambalavanan, Vineet Bhandari, Barbara Alexander, Renee Bridge, Melinda S. Proud, Holly L. Mincey, Julie Rohr, Janet Taft, Cynthia Spencer, Cathy Grisby, Robin K. Ohls, Bonnie S. Siner, Monica Konstantino, Abhik Das, Patti L. Pierce Tate, Paul Wozniak, Melissa Martin, Linda J. Reubens, Barbara J. Stoll, Jennifer J. Jensen, Hong Li, Anthony J. Piazza, David P. Carlton, Wade Rich, Dianne E. Herron, Amanda R. Irene, Vivien Phillips, Georgia E. McDavid, Jody Hessling, Araceli Solis, Carol J. Blaisdell, Erica Burnell, Nirupama Laroia, Richard J. Martin, Kathy Arnell, Rebecca Bara, Clarence Demetrio, John M. Fiascone, Jonathan M. Klein, Anna E. Lis, Melissa H. Lepps, Vivek Narendran, Anne Furey, Jon E. Tyson, Edward F. Donovan, Dan Gingras, James W. Pickett, Rosemary D. Higgins, Leslie Dawn Wilson, Pablo J. Sánchez, Dorothy B. Gail, and Neil N. Finer

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_treatment, Positive pressure, Gestational Age, Infant, Premature, Diseases, Article, Hypoxemia, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Surface-Active Agents, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Internal medicine, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Continuous positive airway pressure, Hypoxia, Oxygen saturation, Survival rate, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, business.industry, Hazard ratio, Infant, Newborn, Oxygen Inhalation Therapy, Infant, Pulmonary Surfactants, Oxygenation, medicine.disease, Oxygen, Survival Rate, Infant, Extremely Premature, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, Cardiology, Small for gestational age, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Objective To characterize actual achieved patterns of oxygenation in infants born appropriate vs small for gestational age (SGA) randomized to a lower (85-89%) vs higher (91%-95%) oxygen saturation target in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial. To determine the association between achieved oxygen saturation levels and survival in infants born appropriate vs SGA enrolled in the Surfactant Positive Pressure and Oxygen Trial. Study design Median oxygen saturation and intermittent hypoxemia events ( 0/7 -27 6/7 weeks of gestation while receiving supplemental oxygen during the first 3 days of life. Results Lower target infants who were small for gestational age had the lowest oxygen saturation and highest incidence of intermittent hypoxemia during the first 3 days of life. The lowest quartile of oxygen saturation (≤92%) during the first 3 days of life was associated with lower 90-day survival for both infants born appropriate and SGA. An increased incidence of intermittent hypoxemia events during the first 3 days of life was associated with lower 90-day survival only in infants born SGA. Conclusion Lower achieved oxygen saturation during the first 3 days of life was associated with lower 90-day survival in extremely preterm infants. Infants born SGA had enhanced vulnerability to lower oxygen saturation targets as evidenced by lower achieved oxygen saturation and an association between increased intermittent hypoxemia events and lower survival. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00233324.

Published
2016

8. Microskills: Advisor Behaviors that Improve Communication with Advisees

Author

Susan Barnett, Scott Roach, and Martha Smith

Subjects
Body language, Interpersonal relationship, Nonverbal communication, Medical education, Professional development, Eye contact, Active listening, Academic advising, Psychology, Social psychology, Session (web analytics)
Abstract

In writing this article, we wanted to provide advisors practical means with which to optimize their relationships with advisees. First, we describe behavioral microskills that can be used by advisors to enhance advising sessions. Attending behaviors (eye contact, vocal cadence and tone, verbal tracking, body language) and listening skills (asking questions, observing, guiding discussion, reflecting feelings) are two core microskills that advisors can practice. Use of these microskills has been shown to improve session effectiveness and strengthen the advisee-advisor relationship. Second, we present the results of a small-scale experiment that suggests that even modest training in microskills can benefit advising sessions. Relative emphasis: * practice, theory, research

Published
2006
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9. Peripheral neuropathy is an early complication of type 2 diabetes in adolescence

Author

Fiona Ryan, Zacharoula Karabouta, Julian P.H. Shield, Susan Barnett, and Elizabeth Crowne

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Palpation, Vibration, Diabetic Neuropathies, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Internal Medicine, Medicine, Humans, Type 1 diabetes, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases, Diabetic retinopathy, medicine.disease, Surgery, Peripheral neuropathy, Blood pressure, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cardiology, Microalbuminuria, business, Diabetic Angiopathies
Abstract

Karabouta Z, Barnett S, Shield JPH, Ryan FJ, Crowne EC. Peripheralneuropathy is an early complication of type 2 diabetes in adolescence.Pediatric Diabetes 2008: 9: 110–114.Objective: To screen for microvascular complications in adolescents withtype 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Subjects and methods: Seven adolescents with T2DM were assessedfor early secondary complications. Median duration of diabetes was 1.8(0.8–3.0) yr. All were assessed as follows: blood pressure, ophthalmologicexamination for diabetic retinopathy, renal function, full blood count andvitamin B12 levels (to exclude B12 malabsorption – a side effect ofmetformin), random urine for microalbuminuria, an electrocardiogram(ECG) rhythm strip and podiatry performed by an experienced podiatrist.Testing for peripheral neuropathy included foot pulse palpation, tendo-Achilles reflexes, plantar callus test, large nerve fibre function (vibrationand threshold for light touch/pressure) assessed by a 128-Hz tuning fork,and by the standard 10-g Semmes–Weinstein monofilament test, andsmall nerve fibre function (pain) assessed by pinprick neurotip.Results: Four adolescents had evidence of peripheral neuropathy onclinical examination, with abnormal large and small nerve fibre function.Six had plantar callus present, and four had weak but palpable posteriortibial pulses. All had normal tendo-Achilles reflex and normal response tovibration. None had diabetic retinopathy or hypertension. Renalfunction, full blood count (FBC), B12 levels and ECGs were normal.None of 120 adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) assessedby the same podiatrist had any signs of peripheral neuropathy.Conclusions: Unlike T1DM, peripheral neuropathy can be present soonafter diagnosis in those with T2DM. Children with T2DM needsurveillance for complications from the time of diagnosis.

Published
2008

10. Current approaches to developing a preventative HIV vaccine

Author

Tiziana, Tonini, Susan, Barnett, John, Donnelly, and Rino, Rappuoli

Subjects
AIDS Vaccines, B-Lymphocytes, T-Lymphocytes, Humans, HIV Infections
Abstract

During the past 20 years, the pendulum of opinion in the HIV-1 vaccine field has swung between two extremes, initially favoring the induction of antibodies only, and subsequently favoring the induction of cell-mediated immune responses only. At present, the consensus seems to be that induction of both humoral and cellular immunity by an HIV-1 vaccine will be required to achieve maximum protection. One obstacle to the development of an effective HIV-1 vaccine has been the difficulty in inducing broadly reactive, potent antibodies with protective functions. Defining epitopes and designing immunogens that will induce these antibodies is one of the main challenges that currently confronts the HIV-1 vaccine field.

Published
2005

11. Beta7-integrin independent enhancement of mucosal and systemic anti-HIV antibody responses following combined mucosal and systemic gene delivery (41.1)

Author

Michael Vajdy, Amanda Goodsell, Fengmin Zhou, Manmohan Singh, Padma Malyala, Jina Kazzaz, Catherine Greer, Jan zur Megede, Susan Barnett, Derek O’Hagan, and John Polo

Subjects
Immunology, Immunology and Allergy
Abstract

Vaccination strategies that can block or limit heterosexual HIV transmissions to local and systemic tissues are much sought for. Herein, in a mouse model, we aimed to determine whether the enhancement of antibody responses through mucosal and systemic immunizations, previously observed with protein-based vaccines, applies to immunizations with DNA- or RNA-based vectors. Intra-nasal (i.n.) followed by intra-muscular (i.m.) immunizations (i.n./i.m.) with PLG-DNA microparticles encoding HIV-gag (PLG-DNA-gag) significantly enhanced serum antibody responses, compared i.m., i.n. or i.m. followed by i.n. (i.m./i.n.), immunizations. Moreover, while i.n./i.m., i.n. or i.m./i.n. immunizations with PLG-DNA-gag resulted in genital tract antibody responses, i.m. immunizations alone failed to do so. Importantly, β7-deficient mice developed local and systemic antibody responses following i.n./i.m., or any other routes of immunization similar to wild type mice. To compare the DNA with an RNA delivery system, immunizations were performed with VEE/SIN-gag replicon particles, composed of Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis virus (VEE) replicon RNA and Sindbis surface structure (SIN). i.n./i.m., as compared to any other immunizations, with VEE/SIN-gag resulted in enhanced genital tract, but not serum antibody responses. These data show for the first time that mucosal followed by systemic immunizations with gene delivery systems enhance B cell responses independent of the mucosal homing receptors α4β7 or αEβ7.

Published
2007
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12. Below-knee cast and Aircast brace improved ankle function at 3 months in acute severe ankle sprain

Author

Susan Barnett

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Mean age, Brace, Surgery, law.invention, medicine.anatomical_structure, Randomized controlled trial, law, medicine, Physical therapy, Fundamentals and skills, In patient, Ankle, Ankle sprain, business, human activities
Abstract

In patients with acute severe ankle sprain, are mechanical supports more effective than double-layer tubular compression bandages (Tubigrip) for enhancing recovery? ### Design: randomised controlled trial. ### Allocation: concealed. ### Blinding: blinded (outcome assessors). ### Follow-up period: 1, 3, and 9 months. ### Setting: 8 emergency departments in the UK. ### Patients: 584 patients >16 years of age (mean age 30 y, 58% men) who were unable to bear weight for ⩾3 days after sprain. Exclusion criteria were contraindications to immobilisation, injury date >7 days ago, or recent fracture (except flake fracture

Published
2009
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