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The magnetic heating effect for the superconducting quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cavities is investigated, and the Q slopes of the superconducting cavities are measured with an increasing accelerating field. Physical phenomena for zero-temperature limit are introduced. Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) resistance and Casimir force are calculated for the zero-temperature limit. The vertical test is shown for the performance test of the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cavities. The parameters for the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cavity are presented. The Q slopes are measured as a function of an accelerating electric field at 4.2 K. The surface resistance of the superconducting cavity increases with an increasing peak magnetic field. The magnetic defects cause the degradation for the quality factor. From the magnetic degradation, we can find the magnetic moments of the superconducting cavities. All the quarter-wave resonator (QWR) cryomodules are installed in the tunnel, and beam commissioning is performed successfully.

Background: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is an important concern in surgical patients undergoing endotracheal intubation. Its prevalence after thyroidectomy is up to 80%. The current study aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil on postoperative sore throat. Methods: Seventy-four patients who underwent thyroidectomy were randomized to receive either dexmedetomidine (group D) or remifentanil (group R). At anesthesia induction, group D received dexmedetomidine 1 μg/kg over 10 minutes, followed by continuous dexmedetomidine infusion at 0.3 to 0.6 μg/kg/hour during surgery. Group R received remifentanil of 3 to 4 ng/ml during induction, followed by 1.5 to 2.5 ng/ml remifentanil infusion during surgery. POST at rest and swallowing was assessed during the first 24 hours in serial time periods (0–1, 1–6, and 6–24 hours). Hoarseness and postoperative pain score were also assessed. Results: POST incidence at rest (0–1, 1–6, and 6–24 hours) and swallowing (1–6 and 6–24 hours) was lower in group D than in group R. POST severity was significantly lower in group D than in group R during each time period. The incidence of postoperative hoarseness was also lower in group D than in group R at 1 to 6 and 6 to 24 hours. The postoperative pain score was lower in group D than in group R during each time period. Conclusion: Intraoperative dexmedetomidine infusion reduced the incidence and severity of POST for 24 hours after thyroidectomy.

Several attempts have been made to lower the price of materials in the semiconductor market. Among them, the wire used for interconnection has a disadvantage of high material price in the field of using gold. Many packages have evolved to other technologies to improve performance and are moving away from wire bonding process, but many packages still use bonding wires. In the bonding wire market, in order to reduce prices, gold is being replaced by inexpensive copper, and now the market for copper wire coated with precious metals considering workability is dominant. [1], [5] However, due to the rigid nature of copper, packages with sensitive wiring structures are difficult to apply. [2] Silver alloy wire and noble metal coated silver wire have been developed to lower the wire price of these sensitive packages. [3] In the case of the recently developed noble metal coated silver wire, unlike a silver alloy bonding wire, a spherical ball shape can be realized without using inert gas when forming a Free Air Ball. Due to these advantages, it has recently been in the spotlight as a wire for replacing Au wire. [3] In this paper, experiments were conducted on the bonding conditions of silver wire coated with noble metals. The bondability of the prepared noble metal-coated silver wire according to the Free Air Ball formation conditions was verified. Specifically, evaluation was performed according to the current change at the time of Electronic Flame Off, the type of inert gas, and the size of the Free Air Ball. The evaluation confirmed the optimum bonding conditions for the application of the noble metal coated silver wire.

Au Bonding wire, which has been widely used in the semiconductor PKG market, is being converted into Cu Bonding wire due to a sharp increase in Au price. The price of Cu is cheaper than Au and Pd coated wire products with improved reliability and workability have been introduced, bringing a large portion of Au Bonding wire usage. However, the sensitive structure of the PKG still uses Au Bonding wire, because of the problem of pad cratering due to the high workhardening of Cu, so the Au Bonding wire cannot be converted to a cheap Cu Bonding wire despite the high Au price. Recently, Ag alloy Bonding wire has been widely evaluated as a low cost Bonding wire for PKG with sensitive structure. However, like the Cu Bonding wire, a gas kit and an inert gas are required to prevent oxidation when forming a FAB (Free Air Ball, the following notation is unified FAB) for ball Bonding. In addition, the high-humidity reliability level of silver alloy Bonding wire is lower than that of Au Bonding wire. In this study, we evaluated the metal coated silver bonding wire as a next generation low cost bonding wire product to replace Au Bonding wire. In order to improve the disadvantages of the Ag alloy Bonding wire in which the elliptical FAB is formed when the inert gas is not used in the 1st ball Bonding, the noble metal coating is performed on the high purity Ag alloy Bonding wire. Gas free Bonding characteristics and high humidity reliability performance were evaluated according to the kind and thickness of noble metal. In the evaluation of high humidity reliability, metal coated silver Bonding wire showed a high humidity reliability performance more than 2 times compared to the conventional silver alloy Bonding wire. Metal coated silver Bonding wire is expected to be an alternative to the new low cost Bonding wire in the PKG market due to gas free Bonding and improved high humidity reliability performance.

Rationale Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is an X-linked recessive disorder presenting with uric acid overproduction, neurocognitive disability, and behavioral disturbances. Inhalational anesthesia has been frequently used in LNS patients undergoing surgery. Characteristic compulsive self-injurious behavior and high risk of emesis may hinder inhalational induction. Propofol may be beneficial for these patients because of its easy and rapid titration for anesthetic depth during induction, early recovery from anesthesia, and antiemetic effect as well as uricosuric effect. Patient concerns A 16-year-old male adolescent was scheduled for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. He exhibited poorly controlled muscle, self-injurious behaviors and intellectual disability. Diagnosis The patient presented with neurodevelopmental delay in the first year of life, and was diagnosed with LNS, with a substitution of phenylalanine to leucine in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) 1 gene on the X-chromosome at 3 years of age. Interventions Total intravenous anesthesia was used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia with propofol and remifentanil using target-controlled infusion. Outcomes Time to recovery of consciousness was prolonged after uneventful surgery. Serum uric acid levels gradually increased during postoperative period. Lessons Propofol anesthesia using target-controlled infusion does not provide significant clinical advantages in rapid emergence from anesthesia and management of hyperuricemia in LNS patients undergoing urological surgery.

Thirty ng/mm2 lumbrokinase, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, was immobilized in a Korean type total artificial heart (KORTAH) valve by photoreaction; polyallylamine was used as a photoreactive linker. Lumbrokinase-immobilized polyurethane valves were then fitted to the total artificial hearts of 3 healthy 50 kg lambs. In the control lamb, the valves were untreated; in one other, only valves on the right were treated; and in the remaining animal, only those on the left. Implants were in place for up to 3 days, and cardiac output was 5 L/min. To facilitate thrombus formation, low doses of heparin were administered. In the control lamb, thrombi was observed only in the inlet parts of the valves. In the other 2 experiments, thrombi formed in untreated control valves but not in lumbrokinase treated valves. The grade of thrombus formation in untreated valves was 1.06+/-1.37 versus 0+/-0 in the treated part by one-sided Student's t-test (p < 0.1). After implantation, fibrinolytic activity was only observed in treated valves by fibrin plate methods. The proteolytic activity of the treated valves was 3 times higher than that of untreated valves using the azocasein method. These data show that lumbrokinase treated polyurethane valves lead to decreased thrombus formation in vivo and that their biocompatibility is therefore greater than that of untreated valves.