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Additional file 1: Table S1. Diagnosis codes to assist in identifying type 2 diabetes. Table S2. Prescription codes to assist in identifying anti-diabetic drugs. Table S3. Diagnosis codes to assist in identifying other types of diabetes excluding type 2 diabetes. Table S4. Diagnosis codes to assist in identifying pre-existing conditions that could disqualify patients for study eligibility. Table S5. Diagnosis codes to assist in identifying retinal disorders. Table S6. Detailed information of eQTL and GWAS summary data in SMR analyses. Table S7. Diagnosis codes to assist in identifying baseline hypertension and CVD. Table S8. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the GLP-1 RAs group versus nonusers from fully-adjusted Cox models for DR for five iterations of index date random sampling. Figure S1. Matched cohort design. Figure S2. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the GLP-1 RAs group versus nonusers from fully-adjusted Cox models for DR for five iterations of index date random sampling. Figure S3. The association of a 1-SD increase of GLP1R gene expression in pancreas tissue with the risk of DR using SMR method.

Additional file 1. Supplementary tables.

BackgroundAdolescents are reporting increasing symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization and an increase in perceived stress is a plausible explanation. The first aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of perceived stress and health outcomes in adolescents, and to evaluate if there are any sex differences. The second aim was to investigate if there is an association between perceived stress and the health outcomes and, if so, possible gender differences in this association. The third aim was to compare samples of adolescent girls and boys from two different European countries to enhance the generalizability of potential findings.MethodsThe sample included 636 students from Sweden and Bulgaria, aged 15–16, 164 (58% males, 41% females, 1% not specified) from Sweden and 472 (71% males, 28% females, 1% not specified) from Bulgaria. Perceived stress and health outcomes were measured by the 14-item “Perceived Stress Scale” (PSS-14), and a shorter version of the questionnaire "Children and Young People in Skåne" (Folkhälsoenkäten, FHE), respectively. T-test and Chi2and/or Fisher’s exact test was used to compare results between boys and girls from the PSS-14 and health outcomes. The association between PSS and the health outcomes was assessed using Spearman’s rank correlation and comparisons between boys and girls were calculated using linear regression.ResultsThere were significant associations between perceived stress and psychiatric symptoms in all groups. Adolescent girls in both Sweden and Bulgaria consistently reported higher levels of perceived stress and more psychiatric and somatic symptoms than the boys.ConclusionsEvaluating methods for lessening the perception of stress, and their clinical presentation, should be considered in order to reduce the occurrence of psychiatric symptoms in adolescents.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ejo-10.1177_11206721221090700 for Incident cases of vision impairment and blindness among adult foreign-born and Swedish-born individuals: A national Swedish study by Per Wändell, Xinjun Li, Axel C Carlsson, Jan Sundquist and Kristina Sundquist in European Journal of Ophthalmology

Additional file 1: Table S1. Association between PSS (total score) and health outcomes using spearman rank correlation, rho (ρ), in boys and girls, separated and compared between Sweden and Bulgaria.

Additional file 1. Table S1. Zonulin levels in relation to various disease conditions.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Repeated analyses of the results in Table 3 and Table S1 using only participants with complete PSS. Association between PSS (total score) and health outcomes separated and compared between boys and girls as well as between Sweden and Bulgaria.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Figure 1. Selection of study population. Supplementary Table 1. Association between lung cancer risk and family history of LCa-1 or LCa-2 among individuals without diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Additional file 1: Supplementary table. Subgroup analysis by index date.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1. Colorectal cancer risk among offspring with a family history of CRCa-2 stratified by type of first primary cancer and period between first primary cancer and CRCa-2 in their relatives. Supplementary Table 2. Colorectal cancer risk in association with family history of CRCa-1 and CRCa-2 among all the offspring in the registry stratified by if any other FDR was affected by first primary non-CRC cancer. Supplementary Fig. 1. Description of family history identification and risk estimation. Parents and siblings were used to define family history. Cases in the offspring generation were used to estimate risk. In this figure, family history is attributed from mothers as example. In Fig. 1a, mother was first diagnosed with cancer A (first primary cancer) at age1 and then CRCa-2 at age2. In Fig. 1b, mother was diagnosed with CRCa-1. In Fig. 1c, no first-degree relatives were diagnosed with any cancer. CRC, colorectal cancer, cancer A, any cancer other than colorectal cancer, CRCa-1, colorectal cancer as a first primary malignancy, CRCa-2, colorectal cancer as a second primary malignancy. Supplementary Fig. 2. Flowchart of the population selection and analyses. Higher order primary cancers, such as third, fourth primary cancers, CRC, colorectal cancer, CRCa-1, colorectal cancer as a first primary malignancy, CRCa-2, colorectal cancer as a second primary malignancy, FDR, first-degree relative (parents or siblings).

Background: Uncomplicated cystitis is one of the most common reasons for antibiotic treatment in otherwise healthy women. Nationwide studies on antibiotic treatment for this infection and in relation to factors beyond the infection itself have hitherto not been available. Methods: This was a nationwide open cohort study consisting of 352,507 women aged 15–50 years with uncomplicated cystitis (2006–2018). The outcome was a redeemed antibiotic prescription within five days from the cystitis diagnosis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between the outcome and the predictor variables. Results: This study identified 192,065 redeemed treatments (54.5%). Several sociodemographic variables were associated with antibiotic treatment. For example, women with the lowest income had an odds ratio (OR) of 1.26 (95% CI 1.23–1.28) compared to those with the highest income. History of cervical cancer and high parity were also associated with lower treatment rates. Conclusion: This study presents novel factors beyond the infection which seem to affect the antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated cystitis in women. Future studies to investigate possible mechanisms are warranted in order to properly use our findings. This may help healthcare workers and planners to provide a more equal treatment plan for this common infection, which may reduce misuse of antibiotics, decrease costs and improve efforts against antibiotic resistance.

Additional file 6. Change in BMI (kg/m2) in the three groups over time. Differences between and within the groups are estimated by a mixed effect model.

Additional file 5. Detailed description of SEM analysis for the primary care and patient loyalty.

Additional file 1. Definition of the variables used in the study.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211025041 for Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt by Mallory E. Stephenson, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jessica E. Salvatore, Jan Sundquist, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist and Alexis C. Edwards in Clinical Psychological Science

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211025041 for Sibling Alcohol Use Disorder Is Associated With Increased Risk for Suicide Attempt by Mallory E. Stephenson, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jessica E. Salvatore, Jan Sundquist, Kenneth S. Kendler, Kristina Sundquist and Alexis C. Edwards in Clinical Psychological Science

Additional file 4. Intercept (adjusted baseline value) and changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the three groups using mixed effect models. Containing analysis of BMI, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic- and systolic blood pressure, insomnia severity scale and five facets of mindfulness questionnaire. Individuals with at least 4 valid days (600 minutes activity monitor wear time per day).

Additional file 1. Supplementary Figure 1. The flowchart of the population selection. Supplementary Table 1. Breast cancer risk in women when FDRs were diagnosed with BCa-1 or BCa-2.*

Additional file 3. Intercept (adjusted baseline value) and changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the three groups using mixed effect models. Containing individuals with at least 1 valid day (600 minutes activity monitor wear time per day).

Additional file 1. Table presenting differences in baseline values between dropouts and those who continued.

Additional file 3. Developed Questionnaire (in Japanese).

Additional file 1: Table S1. Correlation between peripheral blood biomarkers and let-7b-5p expression levels.

Additional file 4. Intercept (adjusted baseline value) and changes from baseline to 3 and 6 months in the three groups using mixed effect models. Containing analysis of BMI, total cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, triglycerides, diastolic- and systolic blood pressure, insomnia severity scale and five facets of mindfulness questionnaire. Individuals with at least 4 valid days (600 minutes activity monitor wear time per day).

Additional file 5. Change in kilograms in the three groups over time. Differences between and within the groups are estimated by a mixed effect model.

Additional file 2. Developed Questionnaire (in English) and correlations with patient satisfaction/loyalty.

Additional file 2. Table presenting number of days with activity monitor wear time of 600 minutes or more per day.

Additional file 4. Detailed description of SEM analysis.

Additional file 5. Change in kilograms in the three groups over time. Differences between and within the groups are estimated by a mixed effect model.

Additional file 6. Change in BMI (kg/m2) in the three groups over time. Differences between and within the groups are estimated by a mixed effect model.

Additional file 1. Comparison between reference population and respondents.

Additional file 1.

(1) Background: Although several neighborhood environmental factors have been identified to be associated with older adults’ physical activity, little research has been done in rural areas where the population is aging. This study aimed to investigate neighborhood environmental factors and the longitudinal change of physical activity status among rural older adults in Japan. (2) Methods: The study included 2211 older adults, aged over 60 years, residing in three municipalities in Shimane prefecture and participating at least twice in annual health checkups between 2010 and 2019. Physical activity was identified based on self-report. Hilliness, bus stop density, intersection density, residential density, and distance to a community center were calculated for each subject. Hazard ratios for the incidence of physical inactivity were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. (3) Results: We found that 994 (45%) of the study subjects became physically inactive during the follow-up. Those living far from a community center had a lower risk of becoming physically inactive compared to those living close to a community center. When the analysis was stratified by residential municipality, this association remained in Ohnan town. Those living in hilly areas had a higher risk of becoming physically inactive in Okinoshima town. (4) Conclusions: The impact of neighborhood environmental factors on older adults’ physical activity status might differ by region possibly due to different terrain and local lifestyles.

Guoqiao Zheng,1– 3 Kristina Sundquist,4– 6 Jan Sundquist,4– 6 Asta Försti,1,4,7,8 Akseli Hemminki,9,10 Kari Hemminki1,2,4,11 1Division of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; 2Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg D-69120, Germany; 3Faculty of Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; 4Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö 205 02, Sweden; 5Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; 6Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Department of Functional Pathology, School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, Japan; 7Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany; 8Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany; 9Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; 10Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; 11Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University in Prague, Pilsen 30605, Czech RepublicCorrespondence: Kari HemminkiDivision of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 580, Heidelberg 69120, GermanyTel +49 6221421800Fax +49 6221421810Email kari.hemminki@dkfz.deBackground: Most literature on second primary cancers (SPCs) focuses on possible factors, which may increase the risk of these cancers, and little attention has been paid for the overall incidence differences between first primary cancers (FPCs) and same SPCs. We wanted to compare the incidence rates for all common cancers when these were diagnosed as FPCs and SPCs after invasive and in situ squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin, which are usually treated by surgery only.Methods: Cancers were identified from the Swedish Cancer Registry from the years 1990 through to 2015, and they included, in addition to skin cancers, 20 male cancers totaling 484,850 patients and 22 female cancers totaling 452,909 patients. Standardized incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) were calculated for sex-specific common cancers as FPC and as SPC after skin SCC. Spearman rank correlations were used in the analysis of incidence ranking of FPC and SPC.Results: Of total, 29,061 men and 23,533 women developed invasive SCC and 27,842 men and 36,383 women in situ SCC. The total number of 20 other male cancers was 484,850 and of 22 female cancers it was 452,909. Rank correlations ranged from 0.90 to 0.96 (P∼ 5× 10− 6), indicating that overall skin SCC did not interfere with SPC formation. The exceptions were increased SPC risks for melanoma, sharing risk factors with skin SCC, and non-Hodgkin and Hodgkin lymphoma, and cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract, connective tissue, and male and female genitals suggesting contribution by skin cancer initiated immune dysfunction.Conclusion: The incidence ranking of SPCs after skin cancers largely follows the incidence ranking of FPCs indicating that overall skin SCC does not greatly interfere with the intrinsic carcinogenic process. The main deviations in incidence between FPC and SPC appeared to be due to shared risk factors or immunological processes promoting immune responsive cancer types.Keywords: skin cancer, second cancer, first primary cancer, immune disturbance

Background: With the increased number of cancer survivors, it is necessary to explore the effect of cancer and its treatments on pregnancy outcomes, such as preterm birth, which seriously endangers the health of offspring. We aimed to explore the risk of being born preterm among offspring of cancer survivors. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. All singleton live births between 1973 and 2014 in Sweden with information of birth outcomes were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. By linking to several Swedish registers, we identified all parents of children and parental cancer diagnosis. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: As compared to the children without parental cancer, the risk of being born preterm was significantly higher among children of overall female cancer survivors born after cancer diagnosis with an adjusted OR of 1.48 (95 CI% = 1.39–1.59), in particular those diagnosed with childhood cancer and cancer in female genital organs. Besides, the risk might continuously decline with time at the first 8 years after maternal diagnosis. A higher risk of being born preterm was found among offspring of male survivors diagnosed with central nervous system cancer (Adjusted OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.04–1.53). Conclusions: Our study provides evidence for a higher risk of being born preterm among children of female cancer survivors and male survivors with central nervous system tumor, as well as indicates that the effect on female reproductive system from cancer and related-treatments might decline with time.

Additional file 1. Enrollment, Samples Analyzed for C-reactive Protein, and Clinical Characteristics of Subgroups.

Supplemental material, Salvatore_Supplemental_Material_rev for Disentangling Social-Genetic From Rearing-Environment Effects for Alcohol Use Disorder Using Swedish National Data by Jessica E. Salvatore, Sara Larsson Lönn, Jan Sundquist, Kristina Sundquist and Kenneth S. Kendler in Psychological Science

Additional file 1 : Table S1. Relative risk of breast carcinoma in situ in women with family history of invasive breast cancer or breast carcinoma in situ.

Table S3. Correlation between plasma clot parameters and miRNAs associated with recurrent VTE (n = 75). (DOC 45 kb)

Figure S1. The graph shows the raw Ct values for the control assays on all the samples (n = 78). Figure S2 Differential expression of 14 miRNAs in cases compared to controls significant after adjusting for the false discovery rate using the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Fold changes (Fold change = 2ΔCt cases − ΔCt controls) with 95% CI. (PDF 282 kb)

SPIRIT 2013 checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (PDF 116 kb)

Supplemental material, spub-ri-2018-0175-File005 for Heat wave–related mortality in Sweden: A case-crossover study investigating effect modification by neighbourhood deprivation by Daniel Oudin Åström, Christofer Åström, Bertil Forsberg, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Antonio Gasparrini, Anna Oudin and Kristina Sundquist in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

Supplemental material, spub-ri-2018-0175-File004 for Heat wave–related mortality in Sweden: A case-crossover study investigating effect modification by neighbourhood deprivation by Daniel Oudin Åström, Christofer Åström, Bertil Forsberg, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Antonio Gasparrini, Anna Oudin and Kristina Sundquist in Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

Telomere length for patients at baseline and follow-up after mindfulness and treatment as usual, stratified for sex and pharmacotherapy. (DOC 66Â kb)

Pearson’s correlation and p-value for association between telomere length and age in patients and control subjects at baseline. (DOC 41 kb)

Pearson’s correlation and p-value for association between telomere length and age in patients and control subjects at baseline. (DOC 41 kb)

Models showing associations between coronary heart disease and stroke and neighborhood availability of potentially health-damaging and health-promoting goods, services and resources in the “small area market statistics”; Cox regression. Table S2. Models showing associations between coronary heart disease and stroke and neighborhood availability of potentially health-damaging and health-promoting goods, services and resources in the “buffer zones”; Cox regression. (DOCX 22 kb)

Models showing associations between coronary heart disease and stroke and neighborhood availability of potentially health-damaging and health-promoting goods, services and resources in the “small area market statistics”; Cox regression. Table S2. Models showing associations between coronary heart disease and stroke and neighborhood availability of potentially health-damaging and health-promoting goods, services and resources in the “buffer zones”; Cox regression. (DOCX 22 kb)

Evaluating the interaction between neighborhood deprivation and individual-level characteristics for statin medication in myocardial infarction patients. (DOCX 31Â kb)

Background. Previous studies found an increased risk of cancer in hospitalized asthma patients, but it is not known whether patients from primary health care show a similar risk pattern. In addition, it is unclear whether the diagnosis of asthma can influence the prognosis of subsequent cancer.Methods. Asthma patients were identified from Swedish inpatient, outpatient, and primary health care registers, and were linked to the Swedish Cancer Registry to identify subsequent diagnoses of cancer. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were used to examine the risk of cancer in asthma patients compared with subjects without asthma. In addition, we used Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality in patients with both asthma and cancer.Results. A total of 10 649 cancers were diagnosed in patients with previous asthma, with a SIR of 1.19 (95% CI 1.17–1.21). A total of 15 cancer sites showed an increased incidence, whereas two cancer sites showed a decreased risk. Non-allergic asthma showed the highest risk of cancer (SIR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.18–1.32), followed by unspecified asthma (SIR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.19–1.25), status asthmaticus (SIR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.02–1.39), and allergic asthma (SIR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.22). The risk of cancer was similarly increased in asthma patients diagnosed in primary health care and those diagnosed in hospitals. Cancer patients with previous asthma had increased mortality, with a HR of 1.55 (95% CI 1.50–1.60). HRs ranged from 1.09 to 1.94 for different sites/types of cancer.Conclusions. Patients with asthma, irrespective of whether they were treated in primary health care or hospitals, had an increased risk of cancer. In addition, cancer patients with previous asthma had a worse prognosis compared with those without asthma, suggesting that these patients may require a multidisciplinary approach to manage the comorbidity.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cad-10.1177_00111287211046519 for Firearm-Related Homicide in Sweden: A Latent Class Analysis of Suspected Offenders by Ardavan Khoshnood, Henrik Ohlsson, Jan Sundquist and Kristina Sundquist in Crime & Delinquency