Search

Chun-Hui Zhao,1 Ya-Hong Sun,1 Xiao-Min Mao2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Xiao-Min Mao, Department of Infectious Diseases, Haining People’s Hospital, No. 2, Qianjiang West Road, Haining, Zhejiang, 314400, People’s Republic of China, Email maoxiaomin2022@163.comObjective: To compare the effect of diaphragmatic breathing and volume incentive spirometry (VIS) on hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas in patients following open abdominal surgery under general anesthesia.Methods: A total of 58 patients who received open abdominal surgery were randomly assigned to the control group (n=29) undergoing diaphragmatic breathing exercises and the VIS group (n=29) undergoing VIS exercises. All the participants performed the six-minute walk test (6MWT) preoperatively to evaluate their functional capacity. Hemodynamic indexes, pulmonary function tests, and blood gas indexes were recorded before surgery and on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative day.Results: The functional capacity was not significantly different between the two groups during the preoperative period (P > 0.05). At 3 days and 5 days postoperatively, patients in the VIS group had a significantly higher SpO2 than that in the control group (P < 0.05). Pulmonary function test values were reduced in both two groups postoperatively when compared to the preoperative values but improved for three and five days afterward (P < 0.05). Of note, the significantly elevated levels of peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio were observed on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days in the VIS group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, bass excess (BE), and pH values were significantly higher in the VIS group on the 1st postoperative day than those in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Diaphragmatic breathing and VIS could improve postoperative pulmonary function, but VIS exercise might be a better option for improving hemodynamics, pulmonary function, and blood gas for patients after open abdominal surgery, hence lowering the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications.Keywords: diaphragmatic breathing, volume incentive spirometry, hemodynamics, pulmonary function, blood gas, open abdominal surgery

Tretospeira cheirospora N.G. Liu & Jian K. Liu, sp. nov. Index Fungorum number: IF900053 Etymology: in reference to its cheiroid conidia Holotype: MFLU 22-0204 Saprobic on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat. Sexual morph: Unknown. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, dark brown to black, velvety. Mycelium partly superficial, partly immersed, composed of septate, branched, brown hyphae. Conidiophores 34–61 × 5.5–9.5 μm (= 44.5 × 8 μm, n = 15), macronematous, mononematous, gregarious, erect, short, cylindrical, rounded at apex, straight or broadly curved, septate, unbranched, brown to dark brown, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 6.5–10.5 × 8–10.5 μm (= 8.5 × 9 μm, n = 15), monotretic, terminal, integrated, slightly swollen, dark brown, thick-walled. Conidia 64–77 × 15.5–24.5 μm (= 68.5 × 19 μm, n = 20), solitary, dry, cheiroid, obclavate to narrowly obpyriform, composed of 4 narrowly obclavate columns, fused laterally except at the apex, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate, slightly constricted at the septa, verrucose, with a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath around the hyaline tip. Culture characteristics: Conidia germinate on water agar within 72 hrs. Germ tubes are produced from the apex or base. Colonies superficial, irregularly circular, with raised surface and undulate edge, from above grey to whitish grey in the center, brownish gray at the edge, and from below, pale grey in the middle, brownish grey at the edge Material examined: THAILAND, Chiang Mai province, Mae Taeng, Mushroom Research Center, on decaying wood in terrestrial habitat, 18 July 2020, Y. R. Sun, MRCS9 (MFLU 22-0204, holotype), ex-type living culture, MFLUCC 22-0171. Notes: Tretospeira cheirospora resembles the type species in having erect, cylindrical, short conidiophores and monotretic conidiogenous cells bearing obclavate to narrowly obpyriform conidia composed of four columns (Pirozynski 1972). However, Tretospeira cheirospora has slightly longer conidiophores (34–61 μm vs. 15–50 μm) and larger conidia (64–77 × 15.5–24.5 μm vs. 40–60 × 17 μm) than those of T. ugandensis (Pirozynski 1972). Besides, conidia of T. cheirospora have a circular, hyaline, gelatinous sheath at the apex which is absent in T. ugandensis. Therefore, we introduce Tretospeira cheirospora as a new species based on morphology. In our phylogenetic analysis, Tretospeira cheirospora has close affinity with Banksiophoma australiensis (FIGURE 1). Banksiophoma is a monotypic genus represented by its coelomycetous asexual morph, which has pycnidial conidiomata and ellipsoid to globose or subglobose, hyaline, aseptate conidia (Crous et al. 2017). Thus their morphology can not be appropriately compared. Further discoveries of sexual morphs of both Banksiophoma and Tretospeira may bring a clearer understanding of the two genera., Published as part of Liu, Ning-Guo, Liu, Jian-Kui, Sun, Ya-Ru & Jumpathong, Juangjun, 2023, Phylogenetic placement of Tretospeira cheirospora in Phaeosphaeriaceae, pp. 175-186 in Phytotaxa 579 (3) on page 180, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.579.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7550325, {"references":["Pirozynski, K. A. (1972) Microfungi of Tanzania. I. Miscellaneous Fungi on Oil Palm. II. New Hyphomycetes. Mycological Papers 129: 1 - 64."]}

A new hyphomycetous species, Tretospeira cheirospora, collected on decaying wood in a terrestrial habitat in northern Thailand is described and illustrated. It has macronematous, mononematous, erect, short, simple, brown to dark brown conidiophores, monotretic conidiogenous cells, and cheiroid, olivaceous brown to brown, distoseptate conidia composed of 4 columns and with an apical, hyaline, gelatinous sheath. Molecular data of Tretospeira are provided for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and ITS sequence data shows that Tretospeira cheirospora belongs to Phaeosphaeriaceae and presents a distinct lineage which is sister to Banksiophoma australiensis. Hyphomycetous asexual morphs in Phaeosphaeriaceae and morphologically similar genera are compared and discussed.

Effective field theory models capable of realizing various gapless topological states are presented in this work. After reviewing the effective field models of the Weyl and nodal line semimetal states, we study the competition of these two semimetal states in effective field theories. When the one form field giving rise to the Weyl nodes lie perpendicular to the plane where the nodal ring lives, the nodal ring and Weyl nodes could coexist as the mirror symmetry responsible for the nodal ring is not broken. New phases including a three-node state and a triple degenerate state exist. The nodal ring is immediately destroyed when the one form field lies in the plane of the ring. However, we show that in an eight-component spinor model, Weyl nodes and nodal rings could still coexist even when the one form field is parallel to the plane, due to the expanded symmetry. Finally we calculate the topological invariants in these models and in particular confirm the interesting nontrivial topology of the three-node state and the triple-degenerate node., Comment: 35 pages,13 figures

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-sgo-10.1177_21582440231152227 for How YouTubers Make Popular Marketing Videos? Speech Acts, Move Structure, and Audience Response in YouTube Influencer Marketing Videos by Gong Chen, Yi Li and Ya Sun in SAGE Open

BACKGROUND Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency of the enzyme α-galactosidase A. CASE SUMMARY Herein, we analyzed a four-generation Chinese family. The proband is a 57-year-old woman who was diagnosed with left ventricular hypertrophy and atrial fibrillation 7 years ago. Echocardiography showed an end-diastolic diameter of the interventricular septum of 19.9 mm, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter of 63.1 mm, and moderate-to-severe mitral regurgitation. Cardiac magnetic resonance indicated an enlarged left heart and right atrium, decreased left ventricular systolic and diastolic function, a left ventricular ejection fraction of 20%, and thickening of the left ventricular septum. In March 2019, gene and enzyme activity tests confirmed the diagnosis of FD. Her son was diagnosed with FD after gene and enzyme activity assay, and was prescribed agalsidase-β for enzyme replacement therapy in July 2020. Two sisters of the proband were also diagnosed with FD by genetic testing. Both of them had a history of atrial fibrillation. CONCLUSION A novel mutation was identified in a Chinese family with FD, in which the male patient had a low level of enzyme activity, early-onset, and severe organ involvement. Comprehensive analysis of clinical phenotype genetic testing and enzyme activity testing helped in the diagnosis and treatment of this FD family.

BACKGROUND Currently, the standard surgical procedure for right colon cancer is complete mesocolic excision. Whether preventive extended lymph node dissection for colon cancer located in the hepatic flexure or right transverse colon should be performed remains controversial because the safety and effectiveness of the operation have not been proven, and infrapyloric lymph nodes (No. 206) and lymph nodes in the greater curvature of the stomach (No. 204) have not been strictly defined and distinguished as surgical indicators in previous studies. AIM To analyze the metastatic status of infrapyloric lymph nodes and lymph nodes of the greater curvature of the stomach and perioperative complications and systematically evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic extended right colectomy using prospective data collected retrospectively. METHODS The study was a clinical study. Twenty patients with colon cancer who underwent laparoscopic extended right colon resection in our hospital from June 2020 to May 2021 were included. RESULTS Among the patients who underwent extended right colon resection, there were no intraoperative complications or conversion to laparotomy; 2 patients had gastrocolic ligament lymph node metastasis, and 5 patients had postoperative complications. The patients with postoperative complications received conservative treatment. CONCLUSION Laparoscopic extended right colon resection is safe. However, malignant tumors located in the liver flexure or the right-side transverse colon are more likely to metastasize to the gastrocolic ligament lymph nodes, and notably, the incidence of gastroparesis was high. The number of patients was small, and the follow-up time was short. It is necessary to further increase the sample size to evaluate the No. 204 and No. 206 lymph node metastasis rates and the long-term survival impact.

BackgroundPerimenopausal depression (PMD) is characterized by affective symptoms as well as menopause-specific somatic complaints and has attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Using a bibliometric tool, this study aims to evaluate the origin, current hotspots, and research trends on PMD.MethodsArticles with research on PMD were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). We used the bibliometric method to analyze publication years, journals, countries, institutions, authors, research hotspots, and trends. We plotted the reference co-citation network and used keywords to analyze the research hotspots and trends.ResultsA total of 209 publications related to PMD were identified from WoSCC on May 8, 2022. The number of publications concerning PMD every year shows an upward trend. Further analysis indicated that 209 articles were contributed by 45 countries, 288 institutions, and 501 authors. The United States contributed the most significant number of publications, followed by China. Harvard University is the core institution of PMD research, and Cohen’s work has had an important impact on another research. The occurrence and pathological mechanisms of depression during the menopausal transition from the knowledge base of PMD. All of them belong to the category of gynecology and psychosis, which reflects the focus of the research topics. Major depression, postmenopausal women, symptoms like hot flashes, and prevalence and risk factors are research hotspots in the PMD field. The frontiers in PMD field that will impact future research are anxiety, meta-analysis, association, and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II).ConclusionThese findings provide us with the core countries, institutions, and authors in PMD research and point out the direction of attention in this field. The current research focuses on depression, postmenopausal women, hot flashes, and other symptoms, as well as the prevalence and risk factors. The frontiers will be anxiety, meta-analysis, related factors, and depression assessment in future research.

The aim of this study is to develop new ways of reducing energy consumption in hotels. We propose to test the effectiveness of three alternative approaches to changing consumer behaviour, each based on a different theory: nudge theory, theory of environmentally significant behaviour and focus theory of normative conduct. We will develop interventions based on each one of these theories. We will run a survey study first to undertake a manipulation check, then run a field experiment to test the effect of the interventions on minibar-generated electricity use.

Diaporthe orixae Q.T. Lu & Z. Zhang, sp. nov. FIGURE 2 Index Fungorum number: IF558801; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10496 Etymology: Name referring to the host “ Orixa japonica ”, using the genitive case meaning “of Orixa ”. Holotype: HKAS 121465 Endophytic in the stems of Orixa japonica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata 98–509 μm × 55–360 μm, superficial or immersed in MEA culture media, pycnidial, globose to conical, gregarious scattered or aggregated, brown to dark brown, ostiolate, with short necks, 36–88 μm × 49–73 μm, outer surface smooth or covered by sparse hyaline hyphae; pycnidial wall consisting of brown, thick-walled cells of textura angularis. Conidiophore hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, formed from the inner layer of the locular wall, reduced to conidiogenous cells, rarely septate. Conidiogenous cells 2.0–4.2 μm × 1.0–2.5 μm, hyaline, subcylindrical to cylindrical, rarely tapering towards the apex, collarette present and not flared, with prominent periclinal thickening. Alpha conidia 3.5–5.5 μm × 1.5–3.0 μm, hyaline, oblong to ellipsoid, apex bluntly rounded, base obtuse; small guttulate at the top, middle and base of alpha conidia. Beta and gamma conidia absent. Culture characteristics: Colonies on MEA medium at 26°C, surface mycelium dense and felty, buff or off white, mycelium radiate outward from the centre with feathery branches at margin; reverse pale yellow to pale brown grey, fading gradually from the centre to the edge. Conidiomata distributed in the dish irregularly. Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou Province, Qingzhen city, from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 3 (Holotype: HKAS 121465, dried culture), ex-type living culture: KUNCC 21–10714, ibid., 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 18 (paratype: GZAAS 21–0392), living culture GZCC 21–1085. Notes: Two obtained cultures (KUNCC 21–10714 and GZCC 21–1085) isolated from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, are identified to represent a new species of Diaporthe orixae which cluster closer to D. sackstonii and D. caryae with a high bootstrap support values (99% ML-bs, 1.00 BYPP and 74% MP-bs) in the phylogenetic tree. Based on pairwise nucleotide comparisons, D. orixae is different from D. caryae in 20/622 bp (3%) of ITS, 7/577bp (1.2%) of tef1-α, 17/749 (2.3%) of β-tub and 14/590 (2.4%) of his3 and differs from D. sackstonii in 23/566 bp (4%) of ITS, 9/587bp (1.5%) of tef1-α and 7/773 (0.9 %) of β-tub. They also can be distinguished by morphological characters. Diaporthe orixae has bigger conidiomata compared to D. caryae (98–509 μm versus 310–325 μm diam); smaller alpha conidia (3.6–5.6 × 1.7–2.7 μm versus 7–8.5 × 2.1–2.5 μm), however, the beta conidia of D. orixae is absent, but D. caryae produced. Diaporthe orixae has bigger conidiomata compared to D. sackstonii (98–509 μm versus 50–100 μm diam), smaller necks (36–88 μm versus up to 500 μm), smaller conidiogenous cells (2.0–4.2 × 1.2–2.6 μm versus 10–15 ×1.5–3.0 μm) and smaller alpha conidia (3.6–5.6 × 1.7–2.7 μm versus 6–8 × 2–2.5 μm). Based on the combination of morphological characterization and multi-gene phylogeny, we introduce D. orixae as a distinct species according to the guidelines for species delineation described in Jeewon & Hyde (2016). The paratype of D. orixae (GZCC 21–1085), did not produce micro-morphologic structures in the media., Published as part of Lu, Qing-Tao, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Sun, Ya-Ru, Tang, Xia, Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zhang, Zhen, 2022, Diaporthe orixae sp. nov., an endophytic species isolated from Orixa japonica in southern China, pp. 37-51 in Phytotaxa 544 (1) on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6501342, {"references":["Jeewon, R. & Hyde, K. D. (2016) Establishing species boundaries and new taxa among fungi: recommendations to resolve taxonomic ambiguities. Mycosphere 7 (11): 1669 - 1677. https: // doi. org / 10.5943 / mycosphere / 7 / 11 / 4"]}

Diaporthe caryae C.M. Tian & Q. Yang, MycoKeys 39, 97–149 (2018) FIGURE 3 Index Fungorum number: IF824706, MycoBank: MB824706 Etymology: Named after the host genus on which it was collected, Carya Holotype: BJFC-S1476 Endophytic in the stem of Orixa japonica. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Conidiomata pycnidial, sporulating poorly on MEA, immersed in the medium, aggregated, globose, multilocular, black, erumpent. Conidiophores hyaline, smooth, 1–3-septate, branched, densely aggregated, cylindrical, straight to sinuous, 6.0–16 (–21.0) × 1.7–3.0 μm (x̅ = 11.5 × 2.5 μm, n = 15). Alpha conidia 3.5–6.5 × 1.5–2.5 μm (x̅ = 5.3 × 2.2 μm, n = 30), aseptate, hyaline, smooth, guttulate, ellipsoidal or fusiform, tapering towards ends or obtuse at both ends. Beta conidia hyaline, aseptate, filiform, straight or hamate, slightly tapering towards both ends, eguttulate, base subtruncate, 15.0– 24.5 × 1.0–2.0 μm (x̅ = 20.7 × 1.4 μm, n = 30). Culture characters: Cultures incubated on MEA at 25 °C. Colony entirely white at surface, reverse with pale brown pigmentation, white, fluffy aerial mycelium, the sporulation distributed in the media randomly. Known distribution: CHINA (Yang et al. 2018, Guo et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2021, this study) Known hosts: On symptomatic twigs of Carya illinoensis (Juglandaceae), pear shoot canker, Rosa roxburghii, Prunus persica and health stems of Orixa japonica (Rutaceae) (Yang et al. 2018, Guo et al. 2020, Wang et al. 2021, this study). Material examined: CHINA, Guizhou Province, Qingzhen city, from the healthy stems of Orixa japonica, 14 Sep 2020, Hong-Bo Wang, JJ 9 (GZAAS 21–0393, dried culture; living culture: GZCC 21–1086), JJ17 (GZAAS 21–0394, dried culture; living culture: GZCC21–1087). Notes: Diaporthe sackstonii was introduced by Thompson et al. (2015) with only producing alpha conidia. The strain (GZCC 19–0129) which was reported by Dissanayake et al. (2020a) without any morphological description was clustered together with taxa of D. caryae in our study (FIGURE 1). A comparison of nucleotide base pairs of ITS, tef1-α, and β-tub between the strain (GZCC 19–0129) and the type species of D. sackstonii and D. caryae were done based on BLASTn algorithms for aligning two sequences in NCBI. In ITS, D. sackstonii (GZCC 19–0129) differs from the type species of D. sackstonii (BRIP 54669b) and D. caryae (CFCC 52563) in 1/469 bp (0.21%), 3/452 bp (0.66%), respectively. In tef1-α, they are different in 13/311 bp (4.18%), 1/311 bp (0.32%), respectively. In β-tub, they are different in 25/701 bp (0.036%) and 10/400 bp (2.5%), respectively. We therefore suggested that the identification of the strain (D. sackstonii GZCC 19–0129) may need to re-evaluate. Diaporthe caryae was firstly described from symptomatic twigs of Carya illinoensis by Yang et al. (2018). Morphologically, the two new collections (GZCC 21–1086, GZCC 21–1087) are similar to the holotype of D. caryae in conidiophores and conidia. Phylogenetically, GZCC 21–1086 and GZCC 21–1087 are grouped with D. sackstonii (GZCC 19–0129) and D. caryae (CFCC 52563, CFCC 52564) in the phylogenetic tree with good support. Furthermore, we compared the new collections with the holotype of D. caryae (CFCC 52563) using single gene data, and they are 100%, 1.8% (5/273), 0.7% (5/699) similar in ITS, tef1-α, and β-tub, respectively. Based on the morphology and molecular data analyses, the two new collections (GZCC 21–1086, GZCC 21–1087) are considered as D. caryae. This is the first report of D. caryae on O. japonica in China., Published as part of Lu, Qing-Tao, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Sun, Ya-Ru, Tang, Xia, Lu, Yong-Zhong & Zhang, Zhen, 2022, Diaporthe orixae sp. nov., an endophytic species isolated from Orixa japonica in southern China, pp. 37-51 in Phytotaxa 544 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.544.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/6501342, {"references":["Yang, Q., Fan, X. L., Guarnaccia, V. & Tian, C. M. (2018) High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with dieback diseases in China, with twelve new species described. MycoKeys 39: 97 - 149. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 39.26914","Guo, Y. S., Crous, P. W., Bai, Q., Fu, M., Yang, M. M., Wang, X. H., Du, Y. M., Hong, N., Xu, W. X. & Wang, G. P. (2020) High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 45: 132 - 162. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / persoonia. 2020.45.05","Wang, X., Guo, Y., Du, Y., Yang, Z., Huang, X., Hong, N., Xu, W. & Wang, G. (2021) Characterization of Diaporthe species associated with peach constriction canker, with two novel species from China. MycoKeys 80: 77 - 90. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / mycokeys. 80.63816","Thompson, S. M., Tan, Y. P., Shivas, R. G., Neate, S. M., Morin, L., Bissett, A. & Aitken, E. A. B. (2015) Green and brown bridges between weeds and crops reveal novel Diaporthe species in Australia. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 35: 39 - 49. https: // doi. org / 10.3767 / 003158515 X 687506","Dissanayake, A. J., Chen, Y. Y. & Liu, J. K. (2020 a) Unravelling Diaporthe species associated with woody hosts from Karst Formations (Guizhou) in China. Journal of Fungi 6 (4): 251. https: // doi. org / 10.3390 / jof 6040251"]}

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-aor-10.1177_00034894221081612 for Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis by Ya-Lei Sun, Bin Yuan and Fei Kong in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-aor-10.1177_00034894221081612 for Comparison Between Different Approaches Applied in Pediatric Adenoidectomy: A Network Meta-Analysis by Ya-Lei Sun, Bin Yuan and Fei Kong in Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology

Supplementary Material 1: Figure S1. Primary root length and lateral root density of wild-type seedlings exposed to C10-HSL. Figure S2. NIA1, NIA2 and NOA1 participate in C10-HSL induced short primary root. Figure S3. U0126 could rescue C10-HSL induced primary root inhibition. Figure S4. Relative primary root growth of Col-0 seedlings exposed to C10-HSL with or without LiCl plus LaCl3. Table 1. List of the primers for qRT-PCR analysis of the genes. Bloting images (Figure S5 and S6): Original blotting images.

Alcohol dependence is a global public health problem, yet the mechanisms of alcohol dependence are incompletely understood. The traditional view has been that ethanol alters various neurotransmitters and their receptors in the brain and causes the addiction. However, an increasing amount of experimental evidence suggests that gut microbiota also influence brain functions via gut-to-brain interactions, and may therefore induce the development of alcohol use disorders. In this study, a rat model of alcohol dependence and withdrawal was employed, the gut microbiota composition was analyzed by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the metagenome function was predicted by PICRUSt software. The results suggested that chronic alcohol consumption did not significantly alter the diversity and richness of gut microbiota in the jejunum and colon, but rather markedly changed the microbiota composition structure in the colon. The phyla Bacteroidetes and eight genera including Bacteroidales S24-7, Ruminococcaceae, Parabacteroides, Butyricimonas, et al were drastically increased, however the genus Lactobacillus and gauvreauii in the colon were significantly decreased in the alcohol dependence group compared with the withdrawal and control groups. The microbial functional prediction analysis revealed that the proportions of amino acid metabolism, polyketide sugar unit biosynthesis and peroxisome were significantly increased in the AD group. This study demonstrated that chronic alcohol consumption has a dramatic effect on the microbiota composition structure in the colon but few effects on the jejunum. Inducement of colonic microbiota dysbiosis due to alcohol abuse seems to be a factor of alcohol dependence, which suggests that modulating colonic microbiota composition might be a potentially new target for treating alcohol addiction.

Supplemental material, CRI914196 Supplemental Materials for A pragmatic randomized controlled trial of a cardiac hospital-to-home transitional care program in a Singapore academic medical center by Yanying Chen, Yi Jin Tan, Ya Sun, Cheng Zhan Chua, Jeffrey Kwang Sui Yoo, Shing Hei Wong, Helen Chen, John Chee Meng Wong and Phillip Phan in Journal of Patient Safety and Risk Management

Distribution of conserved motifs in different protein families. Motif analysis was performed online by MEME; up to 6 motifs were permitted. (PDF 376 kb)

We report on the morphological evolutions of iron films sputtering deposited on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates under uniaxial compression/tension. The experiment shows that the as-prepared film (no external strain) spontaneously forms cracks and wrinkles due to the residual thermal stresses stored up during/after the film deposition. The external uniaxial compression can generate delaminated buckles perpendicular to the loading direction (transverse direction) and new cracks in the loading direction (longitudinal direction). Subsequent reloading and further straining result in the formation of transverse cracks and longitudinal buckles. It is found that there exists a significant coupling effect between the cracking and buckling patterns during the compression/tension process. The morphological evolution behaviours and underlying physical mechanisms are discussed and analysed in depth in this paper.

To investigate the effects of Zhibai Dihuang Decoction (ZDD) on sperm mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) in the rat model of ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) infection (UUI).Ninety male SD rats were randomly divide into five groups: normal control, UUI model control, ZDD, doxycycline, and ZDD + doxycycline. The UUI model was established in the latter four groups of rats by UU injection into the bladder. On the second day after modeling, the animals of the normal control and UUI model control groups were treated intragastrically with 0.9% sodium chloride solution and those in the other groups with corresponding drugs, all for 21 consecutive days. At 24 hours after drug withdrawal, epididymal samples were obtained for detection of the protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively and determination of the contents of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and energy charge (EC) in the sperm mitochondria by high-performance liquid chromatography.The protein expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the rat sperm mitochondria were 0.626 ± 0.074 and 0.527 ± 0.096 in the normal control group, 0.039 ± 0.011 and 0.044 ± 0.011 in the UUI model control group, 0.101 ± 0.037 and 0.127 ± 0.040 in the ZDD group, 0.236 ± 0.070 and 0.253 ± 0.054 in the doxycycline group, and 0.475 ± 0.064 and 0.367 ± 0.086 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.05 and P0.01), but remarkably higher in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model control (P0.01) and the ZDD group (P0.05 and P0.01), and the expression of VDAC2 was markedly higher in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P0.01). The mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 were 0.008 ± 0.001 035 and 0.026 50 ± 0.003 401 in the normal control group, 0.000 79 ± 0.000 226 and 0.001 64 ± 0.000 205 in the UUI model controls, 0.002 06 ± 0.000 861 and 0.005 04 ± 0.002 537 in the ZDD group, 0.003 34 ± 0.000 229 and 0.008 57 ± 0. 000 690 in the doxycycline group, and 0.004 85 ± 0.000 495 and 0.013 13 ± 0.000 826 in the ZDD + doxycycline group, significantly lower in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.05 and P0.01), but remarkably higher in the ZDD, doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P0.01) as well as in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the ZDD group (P0.01) and in the ZDD + doxycycline than in the doxycycline group (P0.01). The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP and EC in the sperm mitochondria were (203.41 ± 13.16) mg/L, (129.87 ± 14.68) mg/L, (149.05 ± 5.65) mg/L and 0.56 ± 0.01 in the normal control group, (96.22 ± 12.55) mg/L, (99.87 ± 3.28) mg/L, (212.53 ± 19. 43) mg/L and 0.36 ± 0.03 in the UUI model control group, (101.99 ± 5.97) mg/L, (104.99 ± 16.40) mg/L, (183.97 ± 12.43) mg/L and 0.40 ± 0.01 in the ZDD group, (159.44 ± 33.16) mg/L, (118.51 ± 12.99) mg/L, (160.64 ± 14.19) mg/L and 0.50 ± 0.06 in the doxycycline group, and (194.07 ± 9.36) mg/L, (121.62 ± 9.41) mg/L, (150.21 ± 12.87) mg/L and 0.55 ± 0.01 in the ZDD + doxycycline group. The levels of ATP and EC were significantly lower and that of AMP higher in the UUI model control than in the normal control group (P0.01), while the former two were remarkably higher and the latter one lower in the doxycycline and ZDD + doxycycline groups than in the UUI model controls (P0.05 and P0.01). Compared with the ZDD + doxycycline group, the ZDD group showed significantly decreased ATP and EC but increased AMP, while the doxycycline group exhibited decreases in both ATP and EC (P0.05 and P0.01).ZDD can upregulate the decreased protein and mRNA expressions of VDAC2 and ANT4 in the sperm mitochondria and improve sperm mitochondrial permeability transition and mitochondrial energy metabolism in rats with UU infection, which may be one of its action mechanisms in the treatment of UU infection-induced male infertility.目的： 观察知柏地黄汤对解脲脲原体(UU)感染模型大鼠精子线粒体通透性转化的影响。方法： 取SPF级SD雄性大鼠90只，随机分成正常对照组、模型组、中药组(知柏地黄汤)、西药组（强力霉素）、中西组（知柏地黄丸+强力霉素），除正常对照组外，其他组均采用经大鼠膀胱注射UU建立UU感染动物模型。造模成功后，给予对应药物连续灌胃21 d，末次给药24 h后取标本，采用RT-PCR法测定大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平，采用Western印迹法检测大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平，采用高效液相色谱法检测精子线粒体ATP、ADP、AMP含量。结果： 正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子VDAC2蛋白表达水平分别为0.626±0.074、0.039±0.011、0.101±0.037、0.236±0.070、0.475±0.064；ANT4蛋白表达水平分别为0.527±0.096、0.044±0.011、0.127±0.040、0.253±0.054、0.367±0.086；模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P0.05，P0.01）；西药组、中西组较模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平显著升高（P0.01）；西药组、中西组较中药组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平上升显著（P0.05，P0.01）；中西组较西药组线粒体VDAC2蛋白表达水平上升显著（P0.01）。正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子VDAC2 mRNA表达水平分别为0.008±0.001 035、0.000 79±0.000 226、0.002 06±0.000 861、0.003 34±0.000 229、0.004 85±0.000 495；ANT4 mRNA表达水平分别为0.026 50±0.003 401、0.001 64±0.000 205、0.005 04±0.002 537、0.008 57±0.000 690、0.013 13±0.000 826；模型组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平明显低于正常对照组（P0.05，P0.01）；治疗组（中药组、西药组、中西组）大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平较模型组显著升高（P0.01）；西药组、中西组较中药组大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平显著上升（P0.01）；中西组较西药组大鼠精子VDAC2、ANT4 mRNA表达水平显著上升（P0.01）。正常对照组、模型组、中药组、西药组、中西药组大鼠精子ATP值分别为(203.41±13.16)、(96.22±12.55)、(101.99±5.97)、(159.44±33.16)、(194.07±9.36) mg/L；ADP值分别为(129.87±14.68)、(99.87±3.28)、(104.99±16.40)、(118.51±12.99)、(121.62±9.41) mg/L；AMP值分别为(149.05±5.65)、(212.53±19.43)、(183.97±12.43)、(160.64±14.19)、(150.21±12.87) mg/L；EC值分别为0.56±0.01、0.36±0.03、0.40±0.01、0.50±0.06、0.55±0.01；与正常对照组比较，模型组大鼠精子ATP及EC值降低，AMP值上升，差异有显著性（P0.01）。与模型对照组比较，西药组、中西组大鼠精子ATP及EC值上升，AMP值下降，差异有显著性（P0.05，P0.01）。与中西组比较，中药组大鼠精子ATP及EC值下降，AMP值上升，西药组大鼠精子ATP、EC值下降，差异有显著性（P0.05，P0.01）。结论： UU感染能使大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平下降，VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平降低，使ANT/VDAC的转运异常，进而使线粒体能量代谢异常，ATP、ATP/ADP及EC值下降。知柏地黄汤能够使UU感染大鼠精子线粒体VDAC2、ANT4蛋白表达水平上升，VDAC2 mRNA、ANT4 mRNA表达水平升高，调控ANT/VDAC蛋白复合体的转运功能，保证了ATP、ADP在线粒体与胞质间的有效转运，提升ATP、ATP/ADP及EC值，维护了大鼠精子线粒体正常的能量代谢。这可能是知柏地黄汤治疗UU感染性不育症的机制之一。.

Table S2. Generalized linear model (GLM)-Gamma regression model. (DOCX 18Â kb)

Table S1. Medical expenses for stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment per patient by stage and therapy (average expenses, 95%CI). (DOCX 15Â kb)

Figure S1. Yearly trend of medical expense for stomach cancer diagnosis and treatment per patient, by province groups, 2002-2011 . A to B show the yearly trend of medical expense per patient by province (A), by data reliability (B). (PDF 418 kb)

Additional file 2. We give the proof of THEOREM: $$W_{sm}^{k}$$ W sm k and $$W_{md}^{k}$$ W md k defined in Eqs. (17) and (18) will converge after proper normalization.

The finite element analysis software ANSYS was used to establish the two-dimensional finite element model of the stator and rotor of the axial piston hydraulic motor pump. The numerical calculation and analysis of the driving magnetic field were carried out. The result shows that the distribution of the magnetic field in the oil gap with hydraulic oil was uniform. The statics analysis of pump sleeve which is the key part of motor pump was performed through extracting the parameters of magnetic field torque and other data as the force conditions. It turns out that the distribution of the deformation, stress and shearing force of the pump sleeve under the stress condition was studied. It is concluded that the maximum deformation of the pump sleeve occurs at the shaft shoulder and at the end face of the pump sleeve positioning piston pump cylinder. The research provided reference and basis for the design and related calculation of motor pump.

In this paper, we investigate a (3+1)-dimensional generalized variable-coefficient Kadomtsev—Petviashvili equation, which can describe the nonlinear phenomena in fluids or plasmas. Painleve analysis is performed for us to study the integrability and we find that the equation is not completely integrable. By virtue of the binary Bell polynomials, bilinear form and soliton solutions are obtained, and Backlund transformation in the binary-Bell-polynomial form and bilinear form are derived. Soliton collisions are graphically discussed: the solitons keep their original shapes unchanged after the collision except for the phase shifts. Variable coefficients are seen to affect the motion of solitons: when the variable coefficients are chosen as the constants, solitons keep their directions unchanged during the collision; with the variable coefficients as the functions of the temporal coordinate, the one soliton changes its direction.

Aims Several local varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum) developed by Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, are widely cultivated in the agricultural regions in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. These varieties are well adapted to multiple environmental stresses such as low temperature, strong solar radiation, and drought. The objective of this study was to determine the responses of PSII photochemical efficiency to high solar irradiance in leaves of four wheat varieties. We examined whether photo-inhibition was appeared in wheat varieties and analysed variations of quantum yield of quenching due to light-induced and non-light-induced. Methods Field experiments were conducted on the farmland of Xiangride, which is located in the eastern side of Caidamu Basin, Qinghai Province. Four local wheat varieties were used during the heading stage in 2013. Measurements of photochemical efficiency and quantum yield were made on the abaxial surface of flag leaves facing the Sun by using a FMS-2 fluorometer, and the content of photosynthetic pigments and specific leaf weight (SLW) were concurrently determined. Pulse-modulated in-vivo chlorophyll fluorescence technique was used to obtain rapid information on photosynthetic processes. The maximum quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was determined at 8:30, 12:00 and 16:30 on clear days after allowing for 20 min dark adaptation with leaf clips. The PSII maximal and actual photochemical efficiency (Fv′/Fm′ and ΦPSII), the PSII photochemical and non-photochemical quenching coefficient (qP and NPQ) were analyzed between morning and afternoon using inner actinic light with photosynthetically active photon flux density at 1 120 μmol photons·m·s. Furthermore, along with analysis of the fraction of PSII reaction centers that are opened (qL), the quantum yield of quenching due to light-induced processes (ΦNPQ) and non-light-induced processes (ΦNO) were explored. Important findings There were significant differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments and SLW among the four wheat varieties. Under conditions of clear days, the flag leaves exhibited marked depressions in 376 植物生态学报 Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology 2014, 38 (4): 375–386 www.plant-ecology.com Fv/Fm at three typical times when determined after 20 min dark adaptation. At a given light intensity, the values of Fv′/Fm′ were significantly reduced in the afternoon due to influences by long-lasting high-light irradiation, and ΦPSII showed little differences among the four wheat varieties and no difference between morning and afternoon. There were almost similar variations in qP and NPQ among the four wheat varieties, suggesting that qP and NPQ belong to instinct property and are influenced by the accumulative stresses of high-light intensity. The fractions of ΦNPQ were higher than that of ΦNO in the four wheat varieties and the up-regulatory of ΦNPQ in the afternoon indicated that the photosynthetic apparatus in these wheat varieties had already acclimated to strong solar irradiation in agricultural regions of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

采用柠檬酸络合溶胶–凝胶法制备了Eu 3+ 掺杂BiVO 4 新型光催化剂, 通过XPS、XRD、SEM、BET和UV-Vis等手段对其进行表征和分析。并以甲基橙为模拟污染物, 考察了 BiVO 4 的可见光催化活性。结果表明, Eu 3+ 掺杂前后BiVO 4 均为单斜白钨矿型, 无其他杂质相生成, 且由于掺杂Eu 3+ , 晶体中V 4+ 和氧空缺增多。掺杂后样品光吸收性能发生红移, 但掺杂对其形貌和比表面积改变较小。Eu 3+ 掺杂有效提高了BiVO 4 的可见光催化活性, 当Eu 3+ 掺杂量为0.2mol%时, BiVO 4 光催化效率最高, 50 min内对甲基橙溶液的脱色率达95%, 比纯BiVO 4 提高了62%左右。

The Tibetan sheep is an indigenous breed living in the entire Tibetan Plateau, and its origin and phylogenic relationships are still uncertain and controversial. In this study, we analyzed partial mtDNA D-loop sequences of 156 Chinese Tibetan sheep individuals from 12 distributed geographic ecotype populations. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three maternal lineages (haplogroups A, B and C) were found in this breed and that Ovis vignei and Ovis ammon have possibly contributed to the original Tibetan sheep. The absence of haplogroups D and E in Tibetan sheep suggests that this breed did not originate in the Middle East, China.

We report on the morphological evolutions of iron films sputtering deposited on elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates under uniaxial compression/tension. The experiment shows that the as-prepared film (no external strain) spontaneously forms cracks and wrinkles due to the residual thermal stresses stored up during/after the film deposition. The external uniaxial compression can generate delaminated buckles perpendicular to the loading direction (transverse direction) and new cracks in the loading direction (longitudinal direction). Subsequent reloading and further straining result in the formation of transverse cracks and longitudinal buckles. It is found that there exists a significant coupling effect between the cracking and buckling patterns during the compression/tension process. The morphological evolution behaviours and underlying physical mechanisms are discussed and analysed in depth in this paper.

Pulp-mixing operation is the premise and safeguard to achieve effective mineralization and separation. According to the present difficulties in slime flotation, the paper provided that pretreatment of pulp-mixing could be effective. With added force, the particle dispersion and surface modification could be achieved. Under good conditioning, the problems of high ash content and low coal recovery rate would be solved. From the high efficient slime water slurry blending, the paper introduced the study progress of the mixing technology and theory for the slime water slurry and introduced the application and existing problems of the available slime water slurry blending equipment. Through the discussion of present pulp-mixing technology, research status and difficulties, high efficient slime water slurry blending equipment should be developed in order to meet the requirement of the fine and difficult preparation slime flotation technique. Based on the above discussion, it pointed out that high-efficient pulp-mixing technique is a new research direction of mineral processing technology in future.

Chrysanthemum(Dendranthema×grandiflorum Tzvel.) is one of the most economically important ornamental plants all over the world.Aphid is one of major agricultural pests and specialized to feed on phloem,they penetrate plant tissues via a primarily intercellular route,and ingest phloem sap from Chrysanthemum plants through stylets.Aphids not only result in a loss in quality,but also are an important vector of plant viruses besides damaging Chrysanthemum plants directly.Chrysanthemum is particularly susceptible to aphid infestation from the time of its seedling stage to its flowering as a crop.The phenotypes caused by aphids include the leaf rolling,chloroplast degradation,and folding of leaves or inflorescence of Chrysanthemum.Given the evolution of aphid resistance to pesticides,there is a growing need to screen aphid-resistant germplasm from Dendranthema and its closely related genera Artemisia L.for the breeding of chrysanthemum.The aphid resistance of eleven species from Dendranthema and Artemisia L.were evaluated at seedling stage under the field in Chrysanthemum Germplasm Resource Preserving Centre,Nanjing Agricultural University,China and lab conditions in no-insect nets room of Nanjing Agricultural University.The results showed that the aphid-resistance reduced with average damage index of aphid(I*) value increased under the field condition.A.vulgaris 'Variegate',A.scoparia and A.annua that all had 0.00 I* value were all aphid immunity species;A.japonica with 0.13 of the I* value was belonging to high resistant level;The I* value of aphid resistance of the D.crassum belonging to resistant level was 0.25;D.dichrum with 0.37 I* value was belonging to moderately resistant grade;D.yoshinaganthum and D.japonicum whose I* value were 0.51—0.75 were belonging to aphid sensitive grade;D.boreale,D.zawadskii and D.nankingense with the 0.75 I* value were highly sensitive to aphids.Under lab condition,aphid resistance varied among species.Eleven species can be divided into five different grades in terms of aphid resistance according to the multiplication rate(MR).For example,the A.vulgaris 'Variegate',A.japonica,A.scoparia and A.annua with 0.00 MR all were the highest resistance species;D.crassum that had 5.86 MR belonged to moderate resistant type;D.dichrum,D.yoshinaganthum and D.japonicum with 7—10 MR were belonging to low resistant grade;D.boreale,D.zawadskii and D.nankingense whose MR were all 10,were non-resistant species.The aphid resistance under field condition was overall consistent with that under lab condition.The aphid resistance of eight species such as A.vulgaris 'Variegate' and A.scoparia were confirmed under field and lab conditions.However,A.japonica was high resistant specie under field condition while belonging to the highest resistant grade under lab condition;D.crassum was resistant to aphid under field condition but was moderate resistant one under lab condition;and D.dichrum had moderate resistance under field condition but low resistance to the pests under lab condition.Therefore,A.vulgaris 'Variegate',A.scoparia,A.japonica,A.annua and D.crassum were promising germplasms for aphid-resistance breeding of chrysanthemum based on our results.

Background: Staged auricular reconstruction remains mainstream among the various techniques of microtia reconstruction using autogenous costal cartilage. The initial stage involves fabrication and implantation of the cartilage framework, followed by projection of the reconstructed auricle in the second stage. During the projection stage, the line of incision is usually made close to the helical rim, from the superoanterior margin of the helical rim to the region of the lobule. Generally, a fascial flap is raised and covered over a cartilage block to project the auricle, and a skin graft is inset over the raw surface of the newly created postauricular sulcus. Methods: The authors developed a new refinement for the second-stage auricular projection, whereby the skin cover for the raw surface over the posterior aspect of the auricle and the postauricular sulcus is an ultra-delicate split-thickness skin graft raised in continuity with the full-thickness skin over the anterior aspect of the auricle. Results: Incorporation of this new technique has minimized the visibility of suture lines and improved the appearance of the superior otobasion. In addition, the dimension of the skin cover required can be designed with greater precision. Postoperative outcomes using this new technique for auricular projection have been more than satisfactory. Conclusion: More favorable results that carry less surgical stigma can now be achieved in auricular reconstruction using this new modification of Nagata’s two-stage method.

Modeling of carbon monoxide (CO) removal by a corona plasma was conducted in this study. The purification efficiency of CO was calculated theoretically and the factors affecting the removal of CO were analyzed. The results showed that the main removal mechanisms of CO were direct dissociation by generated high-energy electrons and indirect oxidation by generated hydroxyl radicals. The purification efficiency of CO was dependent on the plasma parameters, indoor air humidity and initial concentration of CO. Good consistency between the theoretical calculation and the experimental results was observed.

A traffic incident analysis method based on extended spectral envelope (ESE) method is presented to detect the key incident time. Sensitivity analysis of parameters (the length of time window, the length of sliding window and the study period) are discussed on four real traffic incidents in Beijing. The results show that: (1) Moderate length of time window got the best accurate in detection. (2) The shorter the sliding window is, the more accurate the key incident time are detected. (3) If the study period is too short, the end time of an incident cannot be detected. Empirical studies show that the proposed method can effectively discover the key incident time, which can provide a theoretic basis for traffic incident management.

The achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) in our experiment is reported. The process of BEC formation is observed by detecting the image after free expansion, in which the effectiveness of runaway evaporative cooling is shown by measuring the optical density of the atom cloud. About 2×105 87Rb atoms in the |F = 2,mF = 2 state are condensed into the condensate. The ratio of axial-to-radial size of the condensate released from the magnetic trap is investigated in theory and experiment.

With the rapid development of the science and technology, the application of the high voltage power cable has become more and more extensive. Now, it is generally accepted that space charge has an important effect on the electrical properties of insulating material in a high voltage cable. The measurement of space charge is the research base for the behaviors and properties of space charge in the polymer dielectric. Actually, the pressure wave propagation (PWP) method and pulsed electroacoustic (PEA) method are two sophisticated methods of measuring the space charge. However, these two methods are based on a planar sample. For measuring the space charge in a real cable, it is necessary to need the correct and precise mathematical expressions for the PWP method and PEA method. According to the theoretical analysis of the space charge distributions in the plate samples, measured by the pressure wave propagation method, we propose a physical model and its mathematical method of treating space charge distribution data measured in a coaxial geometry. In terms of Poisson equation, the influences of pressure waves on coaxial samples can be divided into two parts, namely, sample deformation and particle displacement. These two parts take into consideration the variations of the sample electric field, dielectric constant and density of space charge disturbed by pressure waves. Therefore, the voltage and current equations about the space charge distribution in the coaxial structure are found. The mathematical expression for the current measured indicates that compared with the current measured in the planar structure, which is proportional to the space charge distribution, the current signal measured in the coaxial structure should be further corrected. This paper also shows the experimental results which are the induced current signals picked from the planar sample and coaxial sample respectively. The results indicate that the current measured in the planar sample is proportional to the space charge distribution. However, the current measured in the planar sample is related to the inner and outer diameter of the dielectric, which verifies the correctness of the mathematical expression. Due to the influence of the coaxial structure of the high voltage cable, the pressure wave focusing effect is obvious as the pressure wave propagates along the axis, which causes the measurement signal to increase gradually with the propagation of sound wave. As a consequence, the electric field and the space charge density will change apparently. Due to the influence of the pressure wave focusing effect, the current and voltage signal will be amplified more obviously in cable, and the current measured by the PWP method shows the distribution of space charge density in cable.

Voltage instantaneous dither affects the stability of power system seriously, resulting in serious consequences and enormous economic losses. In this paper new circuits of super capacitors and AC sample circuits are designed. Via an algorithm the system can judge whether voltage instantaneous dither occurs quickly and accurately, microprocessor controls relays, releasing super capacitors energy to power the load via the inverter. The energy storage system designed making the super capacity fast charge and discharge, while energy storage system discharging, the super capacitors take advantage of its circuits recharging partially. The whole system can effectively resist incidents caused by voltage instantaneous dither phenomenon, ensuring factories to continue production and enable enterprises to avoid unnecessary losses.

In this paper the production and development of laser plasma is introduced, and the contribution of laser biomedicine and laser plasma technology to ophthalmology is analyzed. In the end, the latest three progresses (laser photocoagulation, photorefractive keratotomy and laser iridectomy) of laser plasma applications in ophthalmology are presented.

The characteristics of low pressure plasma produced by a gas discharges lie in that the energy of the electrons are much higher than that of the heavy particles in the system. In this paper, the low-pressure plasma treatment technology for the environmental contaminants was synthetically studied, and the reaction processing and mechanism between the low-pressure plasma and the environmental contaminants were theoretically analyzed. At last, the prospects and existing problems on the application of low-pressure plasma in the field of environmental protection were discussed.

The first inorg/organic hybrid complex incorporating the macrocyclic oxamide, of formula [(NiL)2Cu2(μ-NSC)2(NSC)2] (1), (NiL, H2L = 2, 3-dioxo-5,6,14,15-dibenzo-1,4,8,12-tetraazacyclo-pentadeca-7,13-dien), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. The crystals crystallize in the triclinic system, space group P-1, for (1) a = 8.319(3) A, b = 10.434(4) A, c = 14.166(5) A, a = 107.030(5)°, β = 91.257(5)°, γ = 107.623(5)°. The complex involved both bridging N, S-ligand, and oxamide ligand, C–H⋯S interactions and NCS → Ni weak coordination interactions making the complex superamolecular.

Developing reagents with high affinity and specificity are critical to detect the environmental hormones or toxicants. Ribosome display technology has been widely used in functional protein or peptide screening and in directed evolution of protein molecules in vitro. In this study, single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) against bisphenol A (BPA) were selected from a library constructed from splenocytes of non-immunized mice. After five rounds of selection, the selected scFvs bound to BPA with high affinity. Indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was introduced to screen the antibody affinity and specificity to BPA. The equilibrium dissociation constants (KDS) of one clone was 1.76μM as determined by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). This study indicated that ribosome display can isolate binders to small molecules from a non-immunized naive library without any in vivo steps and can generate recombinant antibodies efficiently and rapidly. In addition, this study provides a methodological framework for detection of small molecules using recombinant antibodies.