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Tumor heterogeneity remains an ongoing challenge in the field of cancer therapy. Intratumor heterogeneity significantly complicates the diagnosis of cancer and presents challenging clinical problems due to resistance to drug therapy. This study aimed to elucidate the genetic changes histologically (mucinous cystadenoma (MCA), mucinous borderline tumor (MBT), and mucinous ovarian carcinoma (MOC)) in a portion of mucinous ovarian tumors within the same sample. Seven tumor samples obtained from different patients were used to evaluate the genetic mutations in each component. Intratumor genetic heterogeneity was observed in all patients; among them, BRAF (V600E) and p53 (T118I, P142S, T150I, and T170M) point mutations were observed in the MBT component, while KRAS (G12D and G13D) and PIK3CA (E545K) mutations were found in the MOC component. The current findings suggest that diverse genetic alterations occur in mucinous tumors, according to tumor histology. Tumor heterogeneity and genetic diversity in mucinous ovarian tumors might be the cause of treatment failure. Knowledge of intertumor heterogeneity may lead to an increased understanding of the tumor response to treatment.

Herein, we present the successful treatment of a 92-year-old woman who experienced recurrent EC in the vaginal stump and para-aortic lymph nodes. The patient was first treated with paclitaxel and carboplatin for recurrent EC, which was abandoned after two cycles of chemotherapy because of G4 hematologic toxicity. Later, the patient was treated with letrozole for early-stage breast cancer, which was diagnosed simultaneously with EC recurrence. After four months of hormonal therapy, a partial response was observed not only in the lesions in the breast, but also those in the vaginal stump and para-aortic lymph nodes. She had no recurrence of breast cancer or EC, even after six years of treatment with letrozole-based hormonal therapy. Subsequent whole-exome sequencing using the genomic DNA isolated from the surgical specimen in the uterine tumor identified several genetic variants, including actionable mutations, such as CTNNB1 (p.S37F), PIK3R1 (p.M582Is_10), and TP53 c.375 + 5G>T. These data suggest that the efficacy of letrozole is mediated by blocking the mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. The findings of this study, substantiated via genetic analysis, suggest the possibility of long-term disease-free survival, even in elderly patients with recurrent EC, which was thought to be difficult to cure completely.

Multiple factors influence chemical process design and technology selection, including technical, economic, environmental, and safety considerations. Traditionally, a techno-economic analysis has been used to select a base case design, while safety and environmental impact have been subsequently assessed. This may leave out designs that exhibit better environmental and safety performance than the selected base case at a very early stage of design, where abundant opportunities for incorporating these objectives are present. Furthermore, although safety is an integral part of the overall sustainability of a chemical plant, historically it has been addressed separately from sustainability. Thus, there is a growing awareness for simultaneous consideration of these objectives during the conceptual process design phase of a project in order to select the most sustainable process route. The key to an effective sustainability assessment method for selecting the most sustainable process route involves the parsimonious selection of adequate metrics which define the sustainability profile of the process and an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework. In this context, this work investigates gaps in conceptual process design and existing sustainability assessment methods through a review of existing environmental impact and safety assessment methodologies/tools. A possible workflow that incorporates both safety and environmental impact in a holistic multi-criterion decision-making framework (MCDM) has been proposed to select the most sustainable process route. The use of this framework is illustrated through a simple case study involving assessing solvent alternatives for palm oil recovery to highlight the scope and significance of the proposed framework.

Background: Since malignant struma ovarii is a very rare disease, its carcinogenic mechanism has not been elucidated. Here, we sought to identify the genetic lesions that may have led to the carcinogenesis of a rare case of malignant struma ovarii (follicular carcinoma) with peritoneal dissemination. Methods: DNA was extracted from the paraffin-embedded sections of normal uterine tissues and malignant struma ovarii for genetic analysis. Whole-exome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis were then performed. Results: Germline variants of RECQL4, CNTNAP2, and PRDM2, which are tumor-suppressor genes, were detected by whole-exome sequencing. Somatic uniparental disomy (UPD) was also observed in these three genes. Additionally, the methylation of FRMD6-AS2, SESN3, CYTL1, MIR4429, HIF3A, and ATP1B2, which are associated with tumor growth suppression, was detected by DNA methylation analysis. Conclusions: Somatic UPD and DNA methylation in tumor suppressor genes may be associated with the pathogenesis of malignant struma ovarii. To our knowledge, this is the first report of whole-exome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis in malignant struma ovarii. Genetic and DNA methylation analysis may help elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis in rare diseases and guide treatment decisions.

A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dhaka Dental College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 2014 to 2015, to assess the site-specific clinical behaviour of the lesion in patients with odontogenic keratocyst in the jawbone. The study was conducted on 25 patients who were clinically diagnosed with Odontogenic keratocyst of the jaw. Samples were selected by convenient sampling technique. Data were collected through pretested semi-structured questionnaire & analyzed by using the statistical packages of social science (SPSS) version 25.0. The mean age of the total 25 patients was 23.56± SD years and ranges from 10 to 50 years. The highest proportions of patients (44%) were from less than 20 years of age and a few (8%) of them were from more than 41 years. The study showed that 80% were male and 20% were female. In most of the cases (64%), the tooth was present in the series. Among the patients, the majority (84%) had an absence of syndrome, history of absence of tooth displacement was found 66% and absence of root resorption was 80%. Most of the keratocyts (36%) were in body and angle of the mandible, second most (24%) site was in the body of the Mandible. The knowledge about the clinical presentation of odontogenic keratocyst is needed for accurate diagnosis and prognostic assessment. CBMJ 2023 January: Vol. 12 No. 01 P: 48-52

Acidophiles are a group of microorganisms that thrive in acidic environments where pH level is far below the neutral value 7.0. They belong to a larger family called extremophiles, which is a group that thrives in various extreme environmental conditions which are normally inhospitable to other organisms. Several human activities such as mining, construction and other industrial processes release highly acidic effluents and wastes into the environment. Those acidic wastes and wastewaters contain different types of pollutants such as heavy metals, radioactive, and organic, whose have adverse effects on human being as well as on other living organisms. To protect the whole ecosystem, those pollutants containing effluents or wastes must be clean properly before releasing into environment. Physicochemical cleanup processes under extremely acidic conditions are not always successful due to high cost and release of toxic byproducts. While in case of biological methods, except acidophiles, no other microorganisms cannot survive in highly acidic conditions. Therefore, acidophiles can be a good choice for remediation of different types of contaminants present in acidic conditions. In this review article, various roles of acidophilic microorganisms responsible for removing heavy metals and radioactive pollutants from acidic environments were discussed. Bioremediation of various acidic organic pollutants by using acidophiles was also studied. Overall, this review could be helpful to extend our knowledge as well as to do further relevant novel studies in the field of acidic pollutants remediation by applying acidophilic microorganisms.

In recent years, ensuring social sustainability has been a global concern for sustainable urban development in both the academic arena and sustainability science. Many studies have been conducted in this area, but a bibliometric analysis has not yet been done previously. This study identified research streams and research hotspots in the urban social sustainability field based on a bibliometric analysis from 1985 to 2020, involving 1,623 documents from the Web of Science database. We used two software packages, Bibliometrix (Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer, for performance and science mapping analysis. The result showed that this research field is growing fast in multiple disciplines. In the publication trend analysis, we found significant changes since 2015. Analysis of leading countries and institutions revealed that developed countries are performing better than developing countries in producing publications on urban social sustainability. In the content analysis, we selected 214 documents and found that the survey method was the most used. Additionally, we found that 13.08 percent of papers (28 out of 214) used as many as 21 different theories, where ‘stakeholder theory,’ ‘planning theory,’ ‘theory of urbanism as a way of life,’ and ‘theory of good city form’ were significantly used. The findings of this study can assist researchers and practitioners by providing valuable insights into the research area of urban social sustainability.

Background: In gynecological practice, ovarian cystic tumors are prevalent. Pathologists may have a hard time determining the cause of certain symptoms. To better understand ovarian cystic tumor's clinical and histological characteristics, this study was conducted. Methods: Between June 2021 and July 2022, 120 women admitted in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College and Hospital, Bogura in Bangladesh were recruited purposively for a cross sectional study as per inclusion criteria. The study included all individuals who had ovarian cysts that had been detected clinically and radiologically, with histological confirmation. A variety of information was examined, including the subjects' age, clinical symptoms, parity, laterality, and histopathology. SPSS 26 was used to analyze the data. Results: The data came from 120 women who had ovarian cysts removed over the time frame of the research. Pain in the lower abdomen was the most prevalent clinical symptom. In all, there were 10 (8.5 percent) instances of malignancy, 4 (3.5 percent) cases that were intermediate grade or border line, and 104 (86.6 percent) cases that were benign in nature. There were 4% cases of ovarian metastases. The most prevalent histological diagnosis was mature cystic teratoma (27 percent). Serous cystadenoma was the second most prevalent kind of cyst (20 percent). Conclusion: The histology of ovarian lesions is quite diverse. If a tough case requires immunohistochemistry, the diagnosis may be determined on the basis of regular gross and histological examinations.

Background: Ureterovaginal fistula is a communication between the distal ureter and the vagina. It is a rare but a relatively frequent complication of pelvic surgery. The etiological factors are very important in the treatment procedure of ureterovaginal fistula. We have very few data regarding this issue. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the etiological factors and outcome of ureterovaginal fistula in women. Methods: This was an observational study and it was conducted in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman medical College Hospital (SZMCH), Bogura, Bangladesh, during the period from May 2016 to December 2018. This study was approved by the ethical committee of the mentioned hospital. In total 48 women with ureterovaginal fistula at the center were included as the study population on the basis of non-probability purposive sampling. The investigative procedures, etiology, clinical presentation and outcomes were recorded. All the data were collected, processed, analyzed and disseminated by MS Office and SPSS version 20 as per need. Result: In analyzing the etiological factors among participants we found that, among the patients of post-hysterectomy 16.67%, 14.58%, 25% and 4.17% were with abdominal hysterectomy for fibroids, abdominal hysterectomy for malignancy, cesarean hysterectomy and rupture uterus with SVD (Spontaneous vaginal delivery). In analyzing the final outcomes among the participants we found most of the patients (n=40; 83%) healed and continent. Then 13% healed with residual incontinence and the rest 4% patients healed ureterovaginal fistula with residual vesicocervicovaginal fistula. Conclusion: In this study the emergency cesarean section was found to be commonest etiological factor and the use of abdominopelvic ultrasound was found to be effective in the confirmation of diagnosis and identifying the affected ureter. Well planned hysterectomy for benign and malignant uterine pathologies may reduce the frequencies of ureterovaginal fistula. Bangladesh J. Urol. 2021; 24(1): 72-76

This study examined the pretreatment and post treatment dental arch width changes between the extraction and non-extraction cases in Angle’s class I patients. Sixty pre-treatment and post-treatment dental casts from 30 extractions and 30 non-extractions participants were selected for the study. The inter-canine and inter-molar maxillary arch width were measured by Vernier gauge caliper. An unpaired t-test was performed to evaluate the arch width changes between extraction and non-extraction groups. The results showed that inter-molar and inter-canine maxillary arch widths in the non-extraction group were slightly higher than those in the extraction group in both pre- and post-treatment, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, the extraction and non-extraction techniques used in orthodontic treatment did not change the inter-caning and inter-molar arch widths. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2022; 12(2): 24-26

In this study occupational risk assessment in Readymade Garments (RMG), Textile and Ship Breaking Industries of Bangladesh was carried out utilizing accident database of Department of Inspection for Factories and Establishments (DIFE), Ministry of Labour and Employment. The study focused on the workplace incidents reported to DIFE from 2016-2018 in RMG, Textile and Ship Breaking industries of Bangladesh. The risk analysis was conducted based on severity and likelihood of events, the latter comprising: frequency of exposure to the hazard, duration of exposure to the hazard, probability of occurrence of a hazardous event, and technical and human possibility of avoiding or limiting the harm. To carry out the assessment, survey data including working time, accident frequency, cause of accident, nature of injury, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), health safety policy, first aid facility etc. were collected from DIFE. The risk scores and economic losses due to accidents in different years for each industry were estimated. The overall risk scores estimated for RMG and Textile industry were found to be higher than that for Ship Breaking industry. However, in Ship Breaking industry 41.3% of total incidents are of very high-risk, which is much higher than the percentage of such incidents in RMG or Textile industry. It was also found that the total compensation provided to the workers as reported to DIFE is 58.5% less of the estimated cost based on the fatality and type of injuries. Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 21(2020) 69-76

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common, chronic, sleep-related breathing disorder characterized by repetitive episodes of partial and complete airway obstructions during sleep with repetitive apneas and hypopneas as a result. Common symptoms of OSA include snoring, nocturnal choking or gasping, excessive daytime sleepiness, nonrefreshing sleep, fatigue, nocturia, morning headache, and cognitive impairment. Snoring has the most sensitivity(82.6%) while nocturnal choking or gasping is the most specific (84%) Undiagnosed and untreated OSA attributed to hypertension (30%-70% of OSA patients), heart failure (140% rise in risk), CAD (30% rise in the risk of blockage), and stroke (60% rise in risk). Other long-term health consequences include diabetes, memory loss (including Alzheimer’s), depression, and other psychiatric conditions. Depending on the broad or stringent definition of OSA based on the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), the prevalence of the condition in North America can range from 20-30% or 15% in males, and 10-15% or 5% in females. Asians and Indians have been found to have similar OSA severity, despite lower rates of obesity. However, research conducted among South Asians in the UK shows a higher prevalence of OSA than white Europeans. Limited research is done on OSA among South Asians in the US, particularly in the Bangladeshi community. The proportion of the population showing a high risk for the disease noticeably increases from 46 years onward. Male gender was found to be the major risk factor determining whether the subjects are at high, intermediate, or low risk. This conforms with other studies done previously. Although the study shows 30% of the population posing an increased risk for OSA, the outcome may be the same, lower, or higher after polysomnography. The author recommends a broader study with a follow-up of the intermediate and high-risk groups with an appropriate sleep study. Based on the preliminary findings, questions regarding OSA should be incorporated into routine health evaluations. Suspicion of OSA should trigger a comprehensive sleep evaluation. Steps should be taken to increase awareness at the community level to improve compliance with annual physicals and reduce risk behaviors.

The potentiality of barnyard grass for remediation of arsenic (As)-contaminated soil has been reported in several research works. However, the phytoremediation ability of barnyard grass from industrially polluted multimetal-contaminated soil in comparison to As-amended soil needs to be elucidated. This work investigated the As remediation potentiality of barnyard grass from As-amended and industrially polluted soils, and the fractionation of As was done in soils with plants and without plants grown. The result showed that at the highest As level in the soil, barnyard grass accumulated the highest amount of As in both the root (414.81 mg kg-1) and shoot (114.12 mg kg-1). However, barnyard grass produced the highest amount of biomass in industrially polluted soil that resulted in the highest amount of As uptake. Moreover, barnyard grass also accumulated lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) from industrially polluted soil. The bioaccumulation factor (BF) of As was >1 in As-amended soil in all the treatments as well as in industrially polluted soil. Fractionation of As in post-harvest soil revealed that compared to soil without plants grown, As in the soil was reduced from residual As (F5); As associated with well-crystallized hydrous oxides of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) (F4); As associated with amorphous and poorly crystallized hydrous oxides of Fe and Al (F3), whereas a slight increase was found in non-specifically sorbed As (F1) and specifically sorbed As (F2) due to the plant’s effect. The slight increase in the concentration of As in F1 and F2 fractions contributed to the bioavailable forms of As in the rhizosphere and sustained As concentration for further plant uptake. The maximum plant growth and highest uptake of As in the industrially polluted soil revealed the potentiality of barnyard grass for remediation of multimetal-polluted soil.

Type II endometrial cancer (EC) is responsible for most endometrial cancer-related deaths due to its aggressive nature, late-stage detection, and high tolerance to standard therapies. Thus, novel treatment strategies for type II EC are imperative. For patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors, immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors represents a promising therapeutic strategy. However, the prevalence of dMMR tumors in type II EC patients remains unclear. In this study, using immunohistochemistry, we evaluated the expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+), and immune checkpoint molecules (PD-L1) in 60 patients with type II EC (16, 5, 17, and 22 were endometrioid G3, serous, de-differentiated, and carcinosarcoma cases, respectively) to investigate the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Approximately 24 cases (40%) had a loss of MMR protein expression. The positivity rate of CD8+ (p = 0.0072) and PD-L1 (p = 0.0061) expression was significantly associated with the dMMR group. These results suggest immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-L1/PD-1 antibodies) could effectively treat type II EC with dMMR. The presence of dMMR might be a biomarker for a positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in type II EC.

Few studies have reported hormonal agent use in the treatment of low-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (LGSOCs), which are chemoresistant. Considering the need for novel effective therapies, we investigated the hormone receptor expression and hormonal inhibition efficacy in LGSOCs. Using immunohistochemistry, we assessed the estrogen receptor (ER) expression status in 33 cases of histologically confirmed serous ovarian tumors, including 10, 11, and 12 cases of LGSOCs, serous borderline tumors (SBTs), and serous cystadenomas (SCAs), respectively. The genetic background reported in our previous study was used in the current study. MPSC1 cells, which were established from LGSOCs, were used in cell proliferation assays. We observed a higher ER expression in LGSOCs and SBTs than in SCAs (70%, 81%, and 50%, respectively). Thus, LGSOCs and SBTs exhibit higher ER expression than SCAs. Moreover, the PIK3CA mutation positively correlated with ER expression in LGSOCs (p = 0.0113). MPSC1 cells showed low ER expression on Western blotting. MPSC1 cell proliferation was significantly inhibited by fulvestrant (a selective ER downregulator). The activation of ER and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways may play an important role in LGSOC carcinogenesis. ER downregulation with fulvestrant or combination therapy with PI3K inhibitors is a possible novel treatment for patients with LGSOCs.

Although vascular injury during laparoscopic surgery is rare, it is occasionally reported. Previously, several physicians have reported cases of compartment syndrome resulting from a thrombus during gynecologic surgery. However, few reports describe thrombosis occurring in artery vessels as a result of applying angiopressure. Herein, we report the case of a 53-year-old woman with endometrioid carcinoma and a vascular injury that resulted in thrombus formation; this is the first such case to be reported. The complication was successfully treated by means of direct anastomosis following partial resection of the injured iliac artery. This is the first report of a case in which applying angiopressure for a vascular injury during laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy led to an intra-arterial thrombus which was found and treated without sequelae.

Purpose Mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOCs) are relatively rare. It has been proposed that a subset of mucinous cystadenomas (MCAs) may progress to mucinous borderline tumors (MBTs), and then to MOCs. KRAS is the predominantly mutated gene in MOC; however, other associated mutations and the mechanism underlying carcinogenesis in MOC remain unclear. Here, we assessed molecular genetic alterations in mucinous ovarian tumors and constructed mutation profiles. Methods Using the Sanger sequencing method, we assessed genetic mutations (KRAS, BRAF, TP53, and PIK3CA) in 16 cases of MOC, 10 cases of MBT, and 12 cases of MCA. Results Among MOC cases, the prevalence of G12D and G13D KRAS mutations was 43.8% (7/16). No MOC cases showed V600E BRAF and TP53 mutations. Among MBT cases, the prevalence of G12D KRAS mutation was 20.0% (2/10), those of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations were nil, and that of V600E BRAF mutation was 40% (4/10). None of the genetic mutations assessed were detected among MCA cases. Conclusion These results suggest that MBT with V600E BRAF mutation may rarely progress to MOC, while MBT with G12D or G13D KRAS mutation may more commonly progress to MOC.

Despite the knowledge about numerous genetic mutations essential for the progression of low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC), the specific combination of mutations required remains unclear. Here, we aimed to recognize the oncogenic mutations responsible for the stepwise development of LGSOC using immortalized HOVs-cyst-1 cells, developed from ovarian serous cystadenoma cells, and immortalized via cyclin D1, CDK4R24C, and hTERT gene transfection. Furthermore, oncogenic mutations, KRAS and PIK3CA, were individually and simultaneously introduced in immortalized HOV-cyst-1 cells. Cell functions were subsequently analyzed via in vitro assays. KRAS or PIK3CA double mutant HOV-cyst-1 cells exhibited higher cell proliferation and migration capacity than the wild-type cells, or those with either a KRAS or a PIK3CA mutation, indicating that these mutations play a causative role in LGSOC tumorigenesis. Moreover, KRAS and PIK3CA double mutants gained tumorigenic potential in nude mice, whereas the cells with a single mutant exhibited no signs of tumorigenicity. Furthermore, the transformation of HOV-cyst-1 cells with KRAS and PIK3CA mutants resulted in the development of tumors that were grossly and histologically similar to human LGSOCs. These findings suggest that simultaneous activation of the KRAS/ERK and PIK3CA/AKT signaling pathways is essential for LGSOC development.

De-husked rice of four rice varieties viz., Iratom24, BRRI dhan 58, BRRI dhan 62 and Binnatoa was used to observe their regeneration efficacy and produce somaclones. MS supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators; MS + 2,4-D + BAP + NAA, MS + BAP + NAA + Kn + IAA and MS + IBA were used for callus induction, shoot regeneration and root induction, respectively. Transcendent frequency of callus was obtained in BRRI dhan58 (80.95%). MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l 2, 4-D + 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA was found as the best for callus induction in BRRI dhan58. Maximum nutrient of shoot was found in BRRI dhan62 (80%) followed by BRRI dhan58 (66.66%). For shoot regeneration, MS supplemented with 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.5 mg/l NAA + 0.5 mg/l Kn + 0.5 mg/l IAA performed better compared to other growth regulator combinations were tested. The highest numbers of roots were produced in all varieties under MS + 0.5 mg/l IBA media. BRRI dhan58 showed maximum number of plants was established at field condition after hardening. A total of 11, 17, 5 and 3 tissue derived plants was established in filed condition from Iratom24, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan62 and Binnatoa, respectively. Among the tissue culture variants, the variant number 36 derived from Binnatoa had the highest Fe 26.93 and 21.51 mg/l and Zn 42.67 and 38.84 mg/l contents in brown and polished rice grain, respectively. This high iron coupled with zinc content rice line could be the potential breeding material for developing Fe and Zn enriched rice cultivar.

Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f. (Liliaceae family) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant, that has been used to treat a variety of illnesses, for decades ranging from cancer to skin disorders including wounds. It has been included in the traditional and herbal healthcare systems of many cultures around the world, as well as the pharmacopeia of different countries. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have also confirmed its potential antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound-healing activities, etc. in the consistency of its historical and traditional uses. However, most studies to date are based on the A. vera gel and latex including its wound-healing effects. Very few studies have been focused on its flower, and rarely with its effects on cutaneous wound healing and its molecular mechanism.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the synergistic effect of the A. vera flower (AVF) and Aloe gel (PAG) on cutaneous wound-healing, as well as revealing its molecular mechanism targeting microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) and its associated signaling pathway.To investigate the synergistic effect of A. vera flower and Aloe gel in cutaneous wound healing, cell viability, and cell migration, as well proliferation assay was performed. This was followed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analyses in wounded conditions to check the effects of this mixture on protein and mRNA levels in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. Moreover, small interfering RNA (siRNA) -mediated knockdown of MFAP4 in NHDF cells was performed followed by migration assay and cell cycle analysis, to confirm its role in cutaneous wound healing. Additionally, HaCaT cells were included in this study to evaluate its migratory and anti-inflammatory effects.Based on our obtained results, the PAG and AVF mixture synergistically induced the proliferation, migration, and especially ECM formation of NHDF cells by enhancing the expression of MFAP4. Other extracellular components associated with MFAP4 signaling pathway, such as fibrillin, collagen, elastin, TGF β, and α-SMA, also increased at both the protein and mRNA levels. Subsequently, this mixture initiated the phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT signaling pathways, and the S-phase of the cell cycle was also slightly modified. Also, the mixture induced the migration of HaCaT cells along with the suppression of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, the siRNA-mediated knockdown highlighted the crucial role of MFAP4 in cutaneous wound healing in NHDF cells.This study showed that the mixture of PAG and AVF has significant wound healing effects targeting MFAP4 and its associated signaling pathway. Additionally, MFAP4 was recognized as a new potential biomarker of wound healing, which can be confirmed by further in vivo studies.

Background: The proportion of Diabetes is becoming more aggregate around the universe, and it is linked to both genetic and environmental causes. Because of the rising prevalence of type 2 diabetes among young people, the number of pregnancies with this problem has increased. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the proportion of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) among the pregnant mothers and their socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out and sample size was calculated using the formulae of (n= Z2pq/d2). The calculated sample size was 376 and purposive sampling technique was used for data collection. A semi-structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic and obstetrics details were used as a study tool and an interview schedule was used for data collection. Results: Out of total 369 pregnant 33.33% GDM found within the age group 26-30 years, 24.83% within the age group 16-20 years, 25% within the age group 21-25 years, 10.41% within the age group of 31-35 years, and 10.41% GDM found within the age group more than 35 years. The pregnant women minimum age was 17.00, maximum 40, range 23, mean and SD was 25.69(±5.43) years. Higher rate of GDM present in class (VI – XII) and degree/PG educational qualification and positive family history of diabetes mellitus of pregnant women’s was 40.16%. Highest number of pregnant women diagnosed as a GDM came from Urban as well as 64.58% and lowest number of pregnant women came from rural area 35.4%. Highest number of pregnant women 87.5% and 12.5% pregnant women diagnosed as a GDM reason was overweight and Obese Class- I. The proportion of GDM was 12.76%. When the socio-demographic and obstetrics details of mothers were compared among GDM and normal mothers it was found that there was highly statistically relationship was observed between pregnant women’s diagnosed as a GDM and Types of family, Monthly family Income, Educational qualification of participants, Occupation of participants, BMI while highly statistically relationship was observed in Family history, Abortion, Meal in 24 hours, feel any Sickness, Physically active, GDM in previous pregnancy and Age at first marriage (p=0.000). Conclusions: Frequency of GDM seems alarming in Bangladesh. The findings show that socio-demographic and obstetric factors have an impact on the proportion of GDM.&nbsp

The treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can result in under- or overtreatment. The current report describes a case of undertreatment of a cervical tumor. A 72-year-old woman was preoperatively diagnosed with CIN3. Following surgery, the final diagnosis of the excised specimen was keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma that measured 2.5 cm in size. The exocervical margin and deep margin were negative. The patient received adjuvant therapy with concurrent chemoradiotherapy and never had disease recurrence. In elderly patients, making an accurate preoperative diagnosis based on specimens from cervical biopsies with or without colposcopy is difficult. MRI may be an accurate preoperative indicator of early cervical tumor, although some studies have demonstrated that MRI has a limitation with respect to its diagnostic ability. Other studies have reported that it is necessary to perform conization prior to hysterectomy. Physicians must reconsider the determined preoperative diagnosis of an early cervical tumor and establish standard guidelines for deciding when to use surgical treatment in elderly patients.

Background: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genome medicine has contributed to treatment decisions in patients with cancer. Most advanced gynecological cancers develop resistance to chemotherapy and have a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted genomic tests in gynecological tumors to examine the efficacy and clinical feasibility of genotype-matched therapy. Methods: Target sequencing was performed in 20 cases of gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, 6; endometrial cancer, 6; and ovarian cancer, 6).Results: Both actionable and druggable genes were identified in 95% (19/20) of the cases. Among them, seven patients (35%) received genotype-matched therapy, which was effective in three patients. Of the three patients, one patient with a PTEN mutation received everolimus, another patient with a TSC2 mutation received everolimus and letrozole, and the patient with a BRIP1 mutation received olaparib. Subsequently, disease control in these three patients lasted for more than half a year. However, all patients relapsed between 9 and 13 months after the initiation of genotype-matched therapy. In this study, the response rate of genotype-matched therapy was 43% (3/7), which may have contributed to improved prognoses.Conclusions: Therefore, genotype-matched therapies may help patients with refractory gynecological cancers achieve better outcomes.

Innovation in gynecological surgery is constantly evolving to make procedures less invasive. Minimally invasive single-port laparoscopic surgery (SPLS) is another innovation that may further improve gynecological surgery outcomes. However, SPLS is not widely used due to the technical difficulties of the procedure. Inserting several instruments through the same incision impedes proper use of the devices. Therefore, the present study aimed to find a technique to overcome this problem and make this approach more convenient. Between March 2015 and February 2020, 25 patients were treated with SPLS by a single gynecological surgeon. The range of surgery time was 50-103 min and the mean surgery time was 67.2 min. The mean bleeding volume was small (mean, 10.1 ml). No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in the patients. A gel port (GelPOINT® Mini Medical Leaders) was inserted into the peritoneal cavity through a 3-cm Z-shaped intra-umbilical skin incision. Additionally, a small incision (3 mm) was made in the left medial portion of the iliac crest and a bladeless trocar (Versa One®) was inserted. Thus, crowding of the working instruments within one incision was prevented. The addition of a small diameter port (3-mm) at the wound site left practically no scar, thus making SPLS a cosmetically superior option compared with a bigger diameter port (5-mm).

Twenty six rice lines of PBRC (salt tolerant line-20) × BRRI dhan-29 were used to evaluate salinity tolerance at the seedling stage and tested for salt tolerance using RAPD markers. Salinity screening was done using hydrophonic system at the greenhouse following IRRI standard protocol. Among the studied line, ten were moderately salinity tolerant, nine susceptible and rest of the lines highly susceptible. For assessing genetic diversity and relationship of F3 rice lines including two parents were tested against PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique using three arbitrary decamer primers; OPA02, OPC01, and OPC12. Selected three primers generated a total of 14 bands. Out of 14 bands, 12 bands (86.67%) were polymorphic and 2 bands (13.33%) were monomorphic. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed from Nei’s (1972) genetic distance produced 2 main clusters of the 28 rice genotypes. Most of the moderately tolerant lines and PBRC (STL-20) (tolerant variety) were grouped in same cluster due to lower genetic distance, while maximum susceptible along with BRRI dhan29 (susceptible variety) showed higher genetic distance with PBRC (STL-20) and moderately tolerant lines. This result indicates that the lines which formed grouped together, they are less diversed. On the other hand the lines remain in different clusters or different groups, are much diversed. Thus RAPD perform a potentially simple, rapid and reliable method to evaluate genetic diversity and molecular characterization as well. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 215-225, August 2019

A nanostructured material is a newly emerging field in healthcare environment application because it exhibits strong antibacterial activity by preventing bacterial growth as bacteria are gradually becoming antibiotic resistant. In this article, a potential candidate of antibacterial material, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3), having two phases: the hexagonal and orthorhombic nanocrystals, were successfully synthesized by facile hydrothermal method. Then, the structural, morphological, functional, and optical properties of both h-MoO3 nanorods and α-MoO3 nanoplates were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer, respectively. XRD patterns revealed hexagonal to orthorhombic phase transition after annealing at 450 °C for 2 h, supported by FTIR spectra. The micrograph analysis by FESEM also confirmed the 1D hexagonal nanorod structure collapsed and converted into two-dimensional (2D) plate-like orthorhombic structure after annealing. The crystallite size and optical bandgap increased from 35 to 135 nm and 2.83 to 2.87 eV, respectively, after phase transformation. The antibacterial activities of both samples were assessed against two Gram-positive bacteria viz. Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and two Gram-negative viz. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis by agar well diffusion method. The hexagonal nanorods exhibited more activity compared with nanoplates. It was found that the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles decreased with increasing crystallite size.

PurposeThe pandemic COVID-19 has affected every sector of an economy in every possible way. Banking sector of Bangladesh has been affected by it badly. The purpose of this paper is to find out the impact of COVID-19 on the liquidity and financial health of the listed banks in Bangladesh.Design/methodology/approachLiquidity ratios are calculated to measure the liquidity condition of the banks and revised Altman's Z-Score Model for non-manufacturing companies is used to measure the financial health. The ratios are compared before and during the COVID-19 periods to assess the impact.FindingsThe findings of this study indicate a deterioration of liquidity position and financial health of the listed banks after the emergence of this pandemic. Though the banks have poor liquidity ratios and financial health prior to the emergence of this pandemic, they have decreased more in the second quarter of 2020. Most of the banks have poor liquidity ratios and cash position. The listed Islamic Banks have poor financial health than the listed Commercial Banks and all the banks belong to the red zone in all the quarters.Practical implicationsThe results of this study will have policy implications for companies and regulators of money market.Originality/valueThis paper is a pioneer initiative in assessing the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on liquidity and financial health based on empirical data.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Table 1.

Malignant transformation of extraovarian endometriosis is rare, with the carcinogenesis mechanism unclear. To clarify the actionable variants of rare-site endometriosis-associated cancer (RSEAC), we performed whole-exome sequencing for the tumor, in two patients. The intestine was affected in both cases, although the histology was that of clear cell carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma, respectively. Therefore, the cases were referred to as endometriosis-associated intestinal tumors (EIATs). Actionable variants (all frameshift mutations) were identified in tumor suppressor genes ARID1A, PTEN, and p53, however, no oncogenic variants were identified. Both cases were microsatellite stable. The patient with undifferentiated carcinoma exhibited hypermutator and homologous recombination deficiency phenotypes. The dominant mutation signatures were signature 30 (small subset of breast cancers) and 19 (pilocytic astrocytoma) in patient 1, and signature 5 (small subset of breast cancers) and 3 (breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancers) in patient 2. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive CD8 and PD-1 expression in both patients, patient 1 also showed positive PDL-1 expression. Our results suggest that RSEAC is associated with variants of tumor suppressor genes as epigenetic alterations. Mutation signature-based whole-exome sequencing could be useful to select an adjuvant chemotherapy regimen. High CD8 and PD-1 expression in RSEAC suggests that immune checkpoint inhibitors are useful for treatment.

Unlike ovarian carcinomas, borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) are associated with a favorable prognosis: their recurrence rate is around 5–7%, and the survival rate is more than 97% when diagnosed early. There are only a few reports of recurrence and fatal outcomes. Herein, we report a novel case of recurrent mucinous BOT, with a literature review. A 63-year-old woman presented to a local doctor with abdominal fullness. She was diagnosed as having a polycystic tumor. The lesion was suspected to be a mucinous BOT (M-BOT) on magnetic resonance imaging. Upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed no digestive cancerous lesions, and surgery was performed. Intra-operative diagnosis confirmed the diagnosis, and total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and omentectomy were performed. The final pathological diagnosis was non-invasive M-BOT (stage I c1 (T1c1N0M0)). The result of immunohistochemical staining supported the diagnosis of primary ovarian mucinous tumor.Four months after surgery, relapse occurred. Blood tests revealed an elevated carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level, and computed tomography revealed multiple liver metastases, peritoneal dissemination, left ureter infiltration, and carcinomatous peritonitis. Although the patient underwent chemotherapy, she died. This case of a very short progression-free and overall survival in stage I M-BOT indicates that some M-BOTs could result in fatal clinical outcomes despite diagnosis at an early stage. Frequent follow-up appointments after surgery could help detect relapse and increase survival in such cases.

Towards a sustainable future, the adoption of eco-friendly distributed generation (DG) and electric vehicle (EV) in the distribution network is increasing rapidly. However, the stochastic nature of renewable-based DGs and high penetration of EV charging have some adverse impacts on power quality in regional distribution grids. To mitigate these problems, we have presented a novel technique of bidirectional power flow control for DG-coupled battery energy storage system (BESS). The verification and validation of the proposed algorithm have been done by performing several case studies considering real-time practical solar photovoltaic (PV) irradiation and wind speed data, and actual EV load data. For the case studies, we adopted the IEEE 13 node distribution feeder as the testbed which is implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. We observed that, by intelligent charging and discharging of BESS, the proposed method controls fast-varying power generated from PV effectively, and improves the voltage fluctuation and power quality significantly.

Background Laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) is one of the techniques feasible for the treatment of intramural myoma. This technique is reported to be difficult when large fibroids are involved because of excessive blood loss during surgery. Skillful and fast suturing appears to be associated with reduced blood loss during LM. Barbed sutures have been recently introduced to facilitate laparoscopic suturing. A suture with bidirectional barbs offers several advantages over conventional sutures. Although the efficacy and safety of barbed sutures have been demonstrated in various gynecologic surgeries in many countries, no comparable studies have been conducted in Japan. Therefore, in this study, we compared surgical outcomes of using bidirectional Stratafix barbed sutures versus conventional sutures during LM. Methods This retrospective study included all patients who underwent LM for the treatment of intramural myoma in our institution between 2015 and 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to the technique of suturing during LM: group 1 comprised patients in whom Stratafix barbed suture was used (n = 29), and group 2 comprised those in whom conventional sutures was used (n = 10). Data of patient age, myoma size, hemoglobin levels, total operation time, and blood loss during surgery were compared between the two groups. Results No significant differences in age (P = 0.443) or myoma size (P = 0.343) were observed between the two groups. Operation time (P = 0.0134) and blood loss (P = 0.0395) during surgery was significantly less with Stratafix barbed suture than with conventional suture. No patient required intraoperative transfusion or conversion to laparotomy. Conclusions The use of bidirectional barbed suture reduces operation time and blood loss. As these new sutures have barbs, no knot-tying is required; thus, continuous suturing becomes very simple, and maintaining hemostasis is easy. Inexperienced gynecological surgeons who apply this suture technique can also perform LM easily. As a bidirectional barbed suture has multiple points of fixation, this suture technique can reapproximate tissue securely, which reduces chances of reoperation because of proper suture knotting. Therefore, bidirectional Stratafix barbed sutures could be an optimal and efficient alternative to conventional sutures for use by gynecological surgeons in Japan.

Background Laparoscopic myomectomy (LM) is one of the techniques feasible for the treatment of intramural myoma. This technique is reported to be difficult when large fibroids are involved because of excessive blood loss during surgery. Skillful and fast suturing appears to be associated with reduced blood loss during LM. In this study we compared the surgical outcomes of using bidirectional Stratafix® barbed suture versus conventional suture during LM. Methods This retrospective study included all patients who underwent LM for the treatment of intramural myoma in our institution between 2015 and 2020. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the technique of suturing during LM: Group 1 comprised patients in whom Stratafix® barbed suture was used (n = 29), and group 2 comprised those in whom conventional suture was used (n = 15). Data of patient age, myoma size, the number of myoma nodes, hemoglobin levels, total operation time, total suturing time, and blood loss during surgery were compared between the 2 groups. Results No significant differences in age (p = 0.463) or myoma size (P = 0.373) were observed between the 2 groups. Operation time (P = 0.0104), suturing time (P = 0.007), and blood loss (P = 0.0375) during surgery were significantly less with Stratafix® barbed suture than with conventional suture. No patient required intraoperative transfusion or conversion to laparotomy. Conclusion The use of bidirectional barbed suture reduces operation time, suturing time, and blood loss. As these new sutures have barbs, no knot-tying is required; thus, continuous suturing becomes very simple and maintaining hemostasis is easy. Unskilled gynecological surgeons who apply this suture technique can also perform LM easily. As the bidirectional barbed suture has multiple points of fixation, this suture technique can reapproximate tissue securely, which reduces the chances of reoperation because of proper suture knotting. Therefore, bidirectional Stratafix® barbed sutures could be an optimal and efficient alternative to conventional sutures for use by gynecological surgeons in Japan.

The acceptance of MEA in Japan is well demand due to its outstanding effectiveness and safety. Infrequently, a repeat MEA or hysterectomy is needed for recurrent menorrhagia in case of failure ablation. The reasons of recurrent menorrhagia subsequent MEA treatment are unclear. The objective of current study is to identify the possible causes of menorrhagia repetition following MEA, together with the observation of histological changes in the endometrium due to this treatment compared with normal cycling endometrial tissue. A total of 170 patients, 8 (4.7%) of them carried out hysterectomy after 16.8 months (range, 2–29 months) of MEA treatment. Normal (n = 47) and MEA (n = 8) treated paraffin embedded endometrial tissue were prepared for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunostaining study to recognize the histological changes in the endometrium as a result of MEA treatment. The histological features observed increased tubal metaplasia (TM) including negative expression of the estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) in the endometrium subsequent MEA treatment. Increased TM together with the absence of ER and PR expression might be a reasonable explanation for repetition menorrhagia in cases of failure ablation. Further study is required to clarify the molecular mechanisms of tubal metaplasia and the expression loss of hormone receptor in the endometrium as a result of MEA treatment. Current studies propose that low dose estrogen-progestin may not be effective with recurrent menorrhagia patient’s due to the inadequacy of hormone receptor expression in the endometrium following MEA.

Previous studies have largely failed to clarify the relationship between p16INK4A status and cervical adenocarcinoma prognosis. The current study aimed to examine the clinical and pathological significance of p16INK4A expression in several cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. Eighty-two samples collected from patients with cervical adenocarcinoma were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Next, p16INK4A levels were analyzed with immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the relationship between p16INK4A expression and clinicopathological factors as well as prognosis was evaluated. The expression of p16INK4A was mostly detected in all usual cervical adenocarcinoma subtypes. In the gastric type, only a few cases were positive for p16INK4A expression. Results of the Kaplan–Meier analysis indicated that the positive p16INK4A expression in tumor cells was significantly associated with favorable progression-free survival and overall survival in patients with cervical adenocarcinoma (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively, log-rank test). Our findings suggest that the status of p16INK4A expression may influence prognosis. Thus, p16INK4A expression could be used as a biomarker for improving the prognosis of patients with cervical adenocarcinoma.

PurposeThe effectiveness of immunotherapy for cervical adenocarcinoma (CA) has not been demonstrated yet. Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and CD8 may be used as biomarkers of response to immune therapy in CA patients. In the present study, we aimed to investigate whether the expression levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and CD8 can predict the prognosis of patients with CA and their response to immune checkpoint inhibition therapy.MethodsIn the present study, the clinical stage for all 82 patients with cervical adenocarcinoma was classified according to the guidelines of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO); there were 5, 48, 5, 14, 8, and 2 patients with stage IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIB, and IVB disease, respectively. The levels of PD-1, PD-L1, and CD8 were analyzed by the immunohistochemical analysis of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumor samples. The correlation between the expression levels and patient prognosis was analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models.ResultsWe observed a significant inverse correlation between the expression of PD-1 and CD8 (p = 0.001, chi-square test). We also found a significant inverse correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and CD8 (p = 0.027). The overall survival and progression-free survival rates were significantly worse in patients with positive PD-1 expression (p = 0.031;p = 0.087, respectively).ConclusionOur results suggest that a high PD-1 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with CA. Further research is necessary to identify the molecular mechanisms that mediate this association.

The 2017 political violence against the Rohingya people in the state of Rakhine resulted in a large influx of displaced populations into Bangladesh. Given harsh conditions and experiences in Myanmar, and the harrowing journey to the border, raised levels of child neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and mental health problems were expected.A team of child development professionals, physicians, psychologists, and developmental therapists screened 622 children in clinics within the refugee camps using the Developmental Screening Questionnaire (DSQ; 0-2 years), and the Ten Questions Plus (TQP) for NDDs, and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; 2-16 years) for mental health problems. Any child positive on the DSQ or the TQP was assessed for NDDs.Only 4.8% children aged 0-2 years and 7.3% children aged2-16 years screened positive for NDDs, comparable with a local Bangladesh population. However, 52% of children were in the abnormal range for emotional symptoms on the SDQ, and 25% abnormal for peer problems. Significant risk factors were being parentless and having lost one or more family members in the recent crisis.This screening study provides objective evidence of the urgent need for psychosocial support of Rohingya children within camps, with special attention to those without parents, including monitoring of their well-being and counselling of families and other care providers.

// Kohei Nakamura 1 , Kentaro Nakayama 1 , Noriyoshi Ishikawa 2 , Toshiko Minamoto 1 , Tomoka Ishibashi 1 , Kaori Ohnishi 1 , Hitomi Yamashita 1 , Ruriko Ono 1 , Hiroki Sasamori 1 , Sultana Razia 1 , Mohammad Mahmud Hossain 1 , Shanta Kamrunnahar 1 , Masako Ishikawa 1 and Satoru Kyo 1 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan 2 Department of Organ Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo 6938501, Japan Correspondence to: Kentaro Nakayama, email: kn88@med.shimane-u.ac.jp Keywords: endometrial carcinoma; tumor size; overall survival; progression-free survival; myometrial invasion Received: January 31, 2018 Accepted: April 07, 2018 Published: May 01, 2018 ABSTRACT We examined the usefulness of evaluating tumor size determined using preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for prognosis in patients with endometrial carcinoma (EC). Patients ( N = 184) with EC who underwent surgery at Shimane University Hospital between 1997 and 2013 were enrolled. We investigated the association between the tumor size of EC assessed prior to surgery by MRI (anteroposterior [AP], transverse [TV], and craniocaudal [CC] diameters) and various clinical parameters including deep myometrial invasion and lymph node metastases. We subsequently examined the prognostic significance of tumor size in patients with EC. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and prognostic factors were evaluated using the Cox’s proportional hazards regression model. Multivariate analysis identified increased AP diameter as an independent negative prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) ( P = 0.037). A long AP diameter has prognostic value and the potential to be a predictive marker for surgical outcomes in patients with EC. Furthermore, AP diameter exhibited the greatest area under the curve (AUC) (0.727) for deep myometrial invasion, and CC diameter had the greatest AUC for lymph node metastases (0.854). Evaluation of tumor size parameters may aid in the identification of high-risk populations, which could improve treatment selection and patient outcomes.

Faecal calprotectin (FC) is supposed to be a reliable biomarker that quantifies intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This cross sectional study was aimed to determine the role of FC level in screening of suspected IBD patients and monitoring treatment response. This study was conducted by measurement of FC using a commercially available ELISA kit among 50 patients with chronic diarrhea who underwent colonoscopic evaluation (25 IBD cases, 10 other organic bowel diseases and 15 disease control) and 12 healthy control. IBD patients were followed up after one month of medical treatment. FC level showed significantly higher value (p

Supplemental material, Table_S1 for Genetic polymorphisms in CDH1 and Exo1 genes elevate the prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi population by Hasnain Imtiaz, Sharmin Afroz, Md Amir Hossain, Sm Faysal Bellah, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Shahin Kadir, Razia Sultana, Md Abdul Mazid and Md Mustafizur Rahman in Tumor Biology

Supplemental material, Figure_S1 for Genetic polymorphisms in CDH1 and Exo1 genes elevate the prostate cancer risk in Bangladeshi population by Hasnain Imtiaz, Sharmin Afroz, Md Amir Hossain, Sm Faysal Bellah, Md Mostafizur Rahman, Md Shahin Kadir, Razia Sultana, Md Abdul Mazid and Md Mustafizur Rahman in Tumor Biology