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Transformers have been widely applied in text classification. Unfortunately, real-world data contain anomalies and noisy labels that cause challenges for state-of-art Transformers. This paper proposes Protoformer, a novel self-learning framework for Transformers that can leverage problematic samples for text classification. Protoformer features a selection mechanism for embedding samples that allows us to efficiently extract and utilize anomalies prototypes and difficult class prototypes. We demonstrated such capabilities on datasets with diverse textual structures (e.g., Twitter, IMDB, ArXiv). We also applied the framework to several models. The results indicate that Protoformer can improve current Transformers in various empirical settings., Comment: Advances in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (PAKDD 2022)

Fitting methods and supplementary data

The effects of replacement on the optical properties of diketopyrrolopyrrole(DPP)-based polymers are discussed through replacing the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units by thiophene units. It is easy to see that the role of re-placement would lead to blue shift of steady-state absorption spectrum when thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units is replaced by thiophene units. Meanwhile, the transient absorption data indicate that the role of replacement would not change the relaxation mechanism of polymer, but is able to adjust the photo-excitation relaxation rate of polymer. Their in-tensity-dependent dynamic curves show that the exciton-exciton annihilation(EEA) would participate in the relaxation process when the polymer is in the aggregation. Through comparing the EEA data between the polymers, it is found that the role of replacement would change the spatial distribution of exciton.

Supplement material

The morphology dependent of migration and recombination kinetics of charge carriers in the polymer solar cell based on poly {2,7′-9,9-dioctylfluorene-alt-5-diethylhexyl-3,6-bis(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]-pyrrole-1,4-dione}(PDPP-F) was investigated with photo-induced charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique. The recombination coefficient of charge carriers decreased and the mobility of charge carriers increased, after the mass ratio of [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) increased from 3:2 to 2:1. Meanwhile, both of them were sensitive to the applied electric field and could be together responsible for the improvement of voltage performance of polymer solar cell.

A series of three-dimensional opal photonic crystals based on the polymer was synthesized and applied in the field of photo-induced birefringence. The data show that the photo-induced birefringence(PIB) of pure Sudan III film could be enhanced by increasing the thickness of azo films. When Sudan III was distributed on the three-dimensional opal photonic crystals, the photo-induced birefringence process could be modulated. In addition, the data also exhibit that the PIB processes with different pumping polarization directions are sensitive to the role of photonic crystals. The results could be beneficial to further understanding the photo-induced birefringence and utilizing the photonic crystals.

The normalized photovoltaic parameters based on 3D honeycomb-like Ni3S2@GO synthetized by different concentration of Ni(NO3)2

The targets of land title investigation are very complex, and have temporal characteristics. However these current spatio-temporal data models already in existence for establishing land title investigation database are bad, which could not tell these message of land title investigation completely. In this paper an object-oriented spatio-temporal database which is practical for land title investigation was designed, and the method that the targets of land title investigation are mapped to database is discussed, also the way to record messages if land title changes is studied. This database system will lay the foundation for the land title change management system and play a key role in daily management.

ATP has become widely recognized as a key mediator in both central and peripheral chemosensory transduction in adult rat. The distribution of P2X receptor subtype and the role of ATP in neonatal rat are unclear. The main objective of this study was to observe the role of ATP-mediated respiratory activity in the neonatal rat transverse medullary slice. The increase of respiratory activity was dose-dependent of ATP and via P2X receptors in the medulla of neonatal SD rats. The effect of ATP was reduced by P2X receptor blocker, Suramin or NF279. The inhibition of ATP-excited respiratory activity by NF279 appeared to be more significant than by Suramin.