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Here we propose a novel strategy which fuses femtoseond laser-assisted etching of glass (FLAE) and femtosecond laser two photon polymerization (TPP) to integrate 3D complex polymer microdevices into glass-based microfluidic devices for highly functional applications. A series of polymer microstructures from 1D nanolines to 2D controllable micropatterns to 3D complex microcages were integrated in 3D glass microchannels. Such distinct microchips have been termed ship-in-a-bottle biochips. The high quality of microchips was ensured by quantitatively investigating the experimental processes and optimizing the parameters. The ship-in-a-bottle biochips show high capabilities to provide simultaneous filtering and mixing with 87% efficiency in a shorter distance and on-chip synthesis of ZnO microflower particles.Here we propose a novel strategy which fuses femtoseond laser-assisted etching of glass (FLAE) and femtosecond laser two photon polymerization (TPP) to integrate 3D complex polymer microdevices into glass-based microfluidic devices for highly functional applications. A series of polymer microstructures from 1D nanolines to 2D controllable micropatterns to 3D complex microcages were integrated in 3D glass microchannels. Such distinct microchips have been termed ship-in-a-bottle biochips. The high quality of microchips was ensured by quantitatively investigating the experimental processes and optimizing the parameters. The ship-in-a-bottle biochips show high capabilities to provide simultaneous filtering and mixing with 87% efficiency in a shorter distance and on-chip synthesis of ZnO microflower particles.

Irradiation of intense ultrafast laser pulses in glasses can lead to formation of nanogratings whose periods are significantly smaller than the incident irradiation wavelength. The mechanism of the exotic phenomenon is still under debate. Here, we access the snapshots of morphologies in the laser affected regions in a porous glass which reveal the evolution of the formation of nanogratings with increasing number of laser pulses. Combined with further theoretical analyses, our observation provides important clues which suggest that excitation of standing plasma waves at the interfaces between areas modified and unmodified by the femtosecond laser irradiation plays a crucial role for promoting the growth of periodic nanogratings. The finding indicates that the formation of volume nanogratings induced by irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses is initiated with a mechanism similar to the formation of surface nanoripples., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures