Search

Organizations expect professionals to have excellent hard skills and soft skills. Researchers have examined different facets of soft skills, such as communication, teamwork, interpersonal, collaboration, and networking, among others, in different workplace contexts, including academia. In this ongoing qualitative study, researchers conducted eight semi-structured interviews with school library faculty members to learn more about the “soft skills” required in academia. Some of the key soft skills identified include time management, collaboration and teamwork, communication and conversations, leadership skills, understanding power structures, and managing people.

Objective To assess the natural history of saphenous and non-saphenous varicose veins using the results of the Bonn Vein Studies and data published in literature. Methods We used the data of the Bonn Vein Studies (BVS) 1 and 2 to assess if preexisting non-saphenous varicose veins (NSVV) in persons who had no saphenous varicose veins (SVV) at baseline have an impact on the incidence of SVV during the follow-up of 6.6 years and vice versa. SVV where defined as tortuous or not-tortuous refluxing saphenous veins. The statistical evaluation was performed using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina). In addition, we performed a review of publications concerning the natural history of varicose veins (VV) using PubMed. Results In the BVS the overall incidence of SVV within the follow-up time of 6.6 years was 8.0 % (n = 133 of 1661; 95 % CI: 6.8–9.4). 7.2 % (n = 107 of 1492) without VV in BVS 1 and 19.8 % (n = 26) of patients with preexisting NSVV developed SVV. The relative risk for the development of SVV in patients with preexisting NSVV was 2.44 (95% CI: 1.64–3.64) adjusted for age and sex. The overall incidence of NSVV was markedly higher with 13.3 % (n = 226 of 1661; 95 % CI: 11.8–15.1). During follow-up 148 patients (9.9 %) without VV in BVS 1 developed NSVV. 48.5 % (n = 78) of patients with preexisting SVV developed NSVV during follow-up. The relative risk for the development of NSVV in patients with preexisting SVV was 4.10 (95% CI: 3.26–5.16), adjusted for age and sex.In published studies the development of VV is preceded by venous reflux. Initial VV may develop at any segment and the results from literature suggest that the location of VV and reflux at the time of the investigation depends on age. In younger individuals more distal location are reported with an ascending progression in the majority but also descending progression is possible. Conclusions Based on the results of the Bonn Vein Studies 1 and 2 we could demonstrate, that preexisting SVV increase the risk of developing NSVV and preexisting NSVV increase the risk of developing SVV in a similar way. Venous reflux may initially occur in any segment of the venous system and may progress in antegrade and/or retrograde fashion. In younger adults initial VV seem to be localized more often in distal parts of the legs with an antegrade progression over time.

Purpose This manuscript reports on the occurrence of early and frequent erythrocytosis in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients treated with lenvatinib. Methods A cohort of 23 patients with advanced HCC, treated with this antiangiogenic drug for at least one month, was retrospectively analyzed. Results These patients (82.7% men, median age 58.3, cirrhosis in 60.8%) were treated between October 2019 and September 2020 with lenvatinib, as first-line systemic therapy for 82.6% of them. For 20 patients (87%), an early and significant increase in hemoglobin (Hb) level, up to 1.41 g/dL (p 16.5 g/dL), 7 were treated with low-dose aspirin for primary thromboprophylaxis and 2 needed phlebotomy. None underwent thromboembolic complications. A significant Hb decrease was observed after treatment discontinuation (p Conclusion This report documents the frequent occurrence of erythrocytosis during lenvatinib treatment for advanced HCC, likely secondary to EPO secretion by tumor cells through the antiangiogenic activity levatinib. An early and close monitoring of hematologic parameters is, thus, recommended, together with thromboprophylaxis by low-dose aspirin and phlebotomy in case of symptomatic erythrocytosis.

To compare the efficacy and frequency of akathisia and dystonia between the dopamine antagonist headache medications olanzapine, metoclopramide and prochlorperazine.This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients presenting to a large urban level one trauma center between 2010 and 2018. Inclusion criteria was age ≥ 18 who presented to the emergency department with a chief complaint of headache who received either olanzapine, metoclopramide or prochlorperazine. The primary outcome was need for rescue medication. Secondary outcomes were receiving medication for either akathisia or dystonia. Logistic regression was used to identify differences between the three cohorts up to 72 h from initial presentation.There were 5643 patients who met inclusion criteria. Olanzapine was the most commonly used drug (n = 2994, 53%) followed by prochlorperazine (n = 2100, 37%) and metoclopramide (n = 549, 10%). After adjusting for age and gender, there were no differences in risk for receiving rescue therapy or developing akathisia or dystonia.During initial ED visit and up to 72 h after receiving olanzapine, metoclopramide or prochlorperazine, we found no difference in risk for requiring rescue medication or developing akathisia or dystonia.

To determine if a reduced secondary operation rate offsets higher implant charges when utilizing suture button fixation for syndesmotic injuries.Retrospective cohort study.Single, urban, Level 1 trauma center.Three-hundred twenty-seven (N=327) skeletally mature patients with rotational ankle fractures (OTA/AO type 44) necessitating concurrent syndesmotic fixation.Suture button or solid 3.5mm screw syndesmotic fixation.To compare implant charges with secondary operation charges based on differential implant removal rates between screws and suture buttons.Patients undergoing screw fixation were older (48.8 vs 39.6 years, p0.01), had more ground level fall mechanisms (59.3% vs 51.1%, p =0.026), and sustained fewer 44C type injuries (34.7% vs 56.8%, p=0.01). Implant removal occurred at a higher rate in the screw fixation group (17.6% vs 5.7%, p=0.005). Binomial logistic regression identified non-smoker status (B=1.03, p=0.04) and implant type (B=1.41, p=0.008) as factors associated with implant removal. Adjusting for age, the NNT with a suture button construct to prevent one implant removal operation was 9, with mean resulting additional implant charges of $9747 ($1083/case). Backwards calculations using data from previous large studies estimated secondary operation charges at approximately $14220, suggesting a potential 31.5% cost savings for suture buttons when considering reduced secondary operation rates.A reduced secondary operation rate may offset increased implant charges for suture button syndesmotic fixation when considering institutional implant removal rates for operations occurring in tertiary care settings. Given these offsetting charges, surgeons should utilize the syndesmotic fixation strategy they deem most appropriate in their practice setting.Economic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

This study aims to determine mothers' level of awareness, motivation, and intentions in preventing stunting in dry areas that tend to be food insecure. The type of research used was qualitative, using a phenomenological approach through interviews, forum group discussions, and observations. The informants involved were 20 mothers with babies 0-23 months and 3 health workers responsible for the Kupang Regency stunting program. The mother's awareness regarding stunting prevention efforts could be seen from the mother's knowledge, action cues, and risk perception. In-depth interviews were conducted with informants regarding the mother's motivation, reflected in the mother's attitude and self-confidence in carrying out stunting prevention efforts. The results of FGDs and in-depth interviews with mothers revealed that they knew nothing about stunting and had never even heard of the term. This was similar to what health workers stated; people generally did not know the term stunting. Actions to prevent stunting in the form of breastfeeding revealed that they act to provide breast milk to children which is part of efforts to prevent stunting due to encouragement from health workers and also families. The mother's intention to make efforts to prevent stunting properly is by doing a number of things, including providing nutritious food, routinely checking children at the Puskesmas and taking good care of them. The conclusion is mother's awareness regarding stunting prevention efforts, judging from the variety of mothers' knowledge, some have never heard of the term stunting, some know the term stunting but don't know what it means. Their cues to act were obtained from health workers and their families. Perceptions of risks related to stunting in children, mothers consider it not a problem.

Although a decline in adolescents' well-being has repeatedly been reported, longitudinal evidence for this development is rare and time-varying factors like teacher autonomy support that could be associated with this trend have sparsely been investigated. Therefore, the present study examined how the temporal development of perceived autonomy support from their German language arts teachers is related to changes in four different facets of students' well-being. Longitudinal data from 3446 adolescents from Germany (N

Acceptor engineered supramolecular photosensitizers with a proming phototoxicity index (PI) for effective and safe photodynamic therapy in vivo.

Significant genotype-phenotype variability among multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A patients with a RET V804M mutation has been reported.Patients with a RET V804M mutation treated at a single center were identified (January 1996-December 2020). The baseline characteristics, operative details, pathology, biochemical, and long-term data were analyzed.There were 79 patients; none developed pheochromocytoma or hyperparathyroidism or died in the study period. The mean age was 41.5 years (range = 1.0-81.0 years); 46.8% were men. Of 68 surgical patients, 53 (77.9%) underwent total thyroidectomy and 15 (22.1%) underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection with or without lateral neck dissection. Twenty-four patients had elevated preoperative calcitonin, of whom 12 underwent total thyroidectomy (median = 7.5; range = 5.0-237.0 pg/mL), 10 underwent total thyroidectomy + central neck dissection (median = 27.6; range = 5.1-147.0 pg/mL), and 2 underwent total thyroidectomy + central neck dissection + lateral neck dissection (median = 3182.0; range = 361.0-6003.0 pg/mL). Pathology was benign (27.9%), papillary thyroid cancer alone (1.5%), C-cell hyperplasia (23.5%), and medullary thyroid cancer (47.1%; median tumor size = 3.0 mm). Three patients had elevated calcitonin postoperatively (median follow-up time = 60.0 months). In adjusted modeling, a preoperative calcitonin5 pg/mL was associated with having medullary thyroid cancer on final pathology (odds ratio = 13.3; 95% confidence interval, 3.2-56.3; P.001).In this large United States cohort of surgical patients with a RET V804M mutation, most had indolent disease and were without classic multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A features. Calcitonin5 pg/mL may serve as a meaningful value to guide surveillance and timing of surgery.

There is a current wave of a new generation of digital solutions based on intelligent systems, hybrid digital twins and AI-driven optimization tools to assure quality in smart factories. Such digital solutions heavily depend on quality-related information within the supply chain business ecosystem to drive zero-waste value chains. To empower zero-waste value chain strategies with meaningful, reliable, and trustful data, there must be a solution for end-to-end industrial data traceability, trust, and security across multiple process chains or even inter-organizational supply chains. In this paper, we first present Product, Process, and Data quality services to drive zero-waste value chain strategies. Following this, we present the Trusted Framework (TF), which is a key enabler for the secure and effective sharing of quality-related information within the supply chain business ecosystem, and thus for quality optimization actions towards zero-defect manufacturing. The TF specification includes the data model and format of the Process/Product/Data (PPD) Quality Hallmark, the OpenAPI exposed to factory system and a comprehensive Identity Management layer, for secure horizontal- and vertical quality data integration. The PPD hallmark and the TF already address some of the industrial needs to have a trusted approach to share quality data between the different stakeholders of the production chain to empower zero-waste value chain strategies.

The Canadian Consortium of Science Equity Scholars (CCSES) is a multi-institution group of educators and researchers committed to improving equity in post-secondary science education. We seek to rectify the dearth of EDI data in a Canadian context to ensure that we have the information we need to understand our students’ experience and improve teaching practices to support all students. Our research focuses on the affective dimensions of the classroom and how students perceive themselves and what helps them develop their identity in STEM. To gather information on how students’ sense of belonging and self-efficacy (belief in one’s own capacity to succeed) is impacted by classroom climate and teaching practices, we are surveying students in biology, chemistry, and physics first-year classes across Canada. Data from these surveys will help us identify inequities, but also inclusive teaching practices and the impact they have on different demographic groups. In this session, we will present preliminary results from the initial year of data collected at five Canadian universities, and discuss how this research can inform how we structure programs and courses to reduce systemic and structural barriers to student success. This session will provide participants with ideas on how to better engage their students and improve their sense of belonging and self-efficacy, but also help build connections within the teaching and learning community to collect data to better understand student experiences across science disciplines and institutions to improve teaching practices. This project was approved by the research ethics boards of all the institutions where data were collected.

Working mothers' status is one of the factors that have influenced exclusive breastfeeding. The availability of social support for working mothers can affect whether exclusive breastfeeding is successful. This study's objective was to examine the different types of social support and design a social support model for working mothers in Indonesia. This study employed mixed methods and an explanatory sequential design. There were 400 working mothers with babies ranging in age from 6 to 24 months. The study included 25 working mothers who provided exclusive breastfeeding (cases) and 25 individuals who did not provide exclusive breastfeeding (control). The sampling method was purposive sampling. There were 11 informants, including working mothers who breastfed exclusively, health workers, and healthcare cadres. This study found a significant relationship between social support from the husband (p=0.002), co-workers (p=0.010), parents (p=0.047), and workplace (p=0.002) and exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers. Only the social support of the husband and the workplace determine the social support model in exclusive breastfeeding for working mothers. A husband's contribution is essential in providing social support through emotional and instrumental support.

Background: The vector control that is often done so far is by chemical control, which will continually have a negative impact. Therefore, it is necessary to control methods that are more friendly to the environment, effective and efficient, and safe for health, one of which is the use of essential oils from plants. Clove (Syzigium aromaticum) is one of the plants that can be used as an alternative larvicide to kill mosquito vectors because it contains many chemical compounds, including eugenol compounds, eugenol acetate, methyl eugenol, b-caryophyllene, methyl eugenol, saponins, flavonoids and larvicidal tannins. Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of clove leaf waste oil (Syzygium ) as a biolarvicide for the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Methods: The research method used is experimental with a Quasi-Experimental Design approach and Post-test Control Group Design. The object of this research is clove leaf waste oil (Syzigium aromaticum) that has been obtained from the distillation of dried clove leaf waste. The object of this research is the third-stage larvae and adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes obtained by rearing or self-reproducing mosquitoes in the laboratory. The bioassay test method used a glass test vessel with a volume of 200 ml of solution consisting of a mixture of water (aquades) with clove leaf waste oil. This study used a treatment concentration of 0.006%; 0.007%; 0.008%; 0.009% and 0.01%. The control used aquades (0%). Then put 25 Aedes aegypti larvae in the test container and then observe the number of mortality larvae during 24 hours of observation. Results: The results showed that clove (Syzygium aromaticum) leaf waste oil was effective as a biolarvicide with LC50 at a concentration of 0.005% and Kruskal Wallis test value of 0.000 (P

Chromosome axis-associated HORMA domain proteins (HORMADs), e.g. ASY1 in Arabidopsis, are crucial for meiotic recombination. ASY1, as other HORMADs, is assembled on the axis at early meiosis and depleted when homologous chromosomes synapse. Puzzlingly, both processes are catalyzed by AAA+ ATPase PCH2 together with its cofactor COMET. Here, we show that the ASY1 remodeling complex is temporally and spatially differently assembled. While PCH2 and COMET appear to directly interact in the cytoplasm in early meiosis, PCH2 is recruited by the transverse filament protein ZYP1 and brought to the ASY1-bound COMET assuring the timely removal of ASY1 during chromosome synapsis. Since we found that the PCH2 homolog TRIP13 also binds to the ZYP1 homolog SYCP1 in mouse, we postulate that this mechanism is conserved among eukaryotes. Deleting the PCH2 binding site of ZYP1 led to a failure of ASY1 removal. Interestingly, the placement of one obligatory crossover per homologous chromosome pair, compromised by ZYP1 depletion, is largely restored in this separation-of-function zyp1 allele suggesting that crossover assurance is promoted by synapsis. In contrast, this zyp1 allele, similar to the zyp1 null mutant, showed elevated type I crossover numbers indicating that PCH2-mediated eviction of ASY1 from the axis restricts crossover formation.

Background: Hyperacute treatment of acute stroke may lead to thrombolysis in stroke mimics (SM). Our aim was to determine the frequency of thrombolysis in SM in primary stroke centers (PSC) dependent on telestroke versus comprehensive stroke centers (CSC). Method: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data from the Quality improvement and Clinical Research (QuICR) registry, the Discharge Abstract Database (DAD), and The National Ambulatory Care Reporting System (NACRS) of consecutive patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke in Alberta (Canada) from April 2016 to March 2021. Result: A total of 2471 patients who received thrombolysis were included. Linking the QuICR registry to DAD 169 (6.83%) patients were identified as SM; however, on our review of the records, only 112 (4.53%) were actual SM. SMs were younger with a mean age of 61.66 (±16.15) vs 71.08 (±14.55) in stroke. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale was higher in stroke with a median (IQR) of 10 (5–17) vs 7 (5–10) in SM. Only one patient (0.89 %) in SM groups had a small parenchymal hemorrhage versus 155 (6.57%) stroke patients had a parenchymal hemorrhage. There was no death among patients of thrombolysed SM during hospitalization versus 276 (11.69%) in stroke. There was no significant difference in the rate of SM among thrombolysed patients between PSC 27 (5.36%) versus CSC 85 (4.3%) (P = 0.312). The most responsible diagnosis of SM was migraine/migraine equivalent, functional disorder, seizure, and delirium. Conclusion: The diagnosis of SM may not always be correct when the information is extracted from databases. The rate of thrombolysis in SM via telestroke is similar to treatment in person at CSC.

Studies comparing endocrine-specific outcomes following parathyroidectomy (PTx) versus concurrent parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy (PTx + Tx) are few.10,019 patients were selected from the Collaborative Endocrine Surgery Quality Improvement Program (2014-2019). Baseline characteristics and short-term (≤30 days) outcomes for PTx + Tx vs PTx patients were compared using bivariate and multivariable methods.PTx + Tx patients were more likely to experience clinical hypoparathyroidism (6.7% vs 0.5%, p 0.001), recurrent laryngeal nerve transection, (0.4% vs 0.1%, p = 0.002) and hematoma requiring evacuation (1.0% vs 0.2%, p 0.001). Readmissions and ED visits for hypocalcemia were more frequent after PTx + Tx vs PTx. Concurrent surgery was associated with an 8-fold increase in risk of short-term complications (Odds Ratio (OR): 8.0, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5.7-11.1, p 0.001).Patients undergoing PTx + Tx have increased rates of postoperative complications, ED visits, and readmissions compared to patients undergoing parathyroidectomy alone. These findings could help guide surgeon-patient discussions on the risks of concurrent surgery.

People with an immigrant background can be affected by stereotypes and discrimination. As adolescence is an important developmental stage, this study investigated whether adolescents hold (negative) implicit attitudes towards people with Turkish immigrant background and whether adolescents differ in the extent of attitudes. Additionally, the relevance of perceived discrimination, identification with culture of residence, motivation to act without predjudice, and quality and quantity of contact to people with Turkish immigrant background for the extent of implicit attitudes was analysed. Analyses are based on 244 adolescents (60.7% female, 1.6% diverse; 13.1% with Turkish immigrant background, 16.8% with immigrant background other than Turkish) who participated in an online study. An implicit association test revealed that negative implicit attitudes towards people with a Turkish immigrant background were present among adolescents. Unlike adolescents with a Turkish immigrant background, adolescents without immigrant background and with immigrant background other than Turkish hold negative implicit attitudes on average. For the total sample, it was found that low perceived discrimination was related to negative implicit attitudes. The results are discussed with respect to substantive and methodological aspects. Implications for research and practice are derived.

Background & objectives: The comparison of the incidence of gonadal germ cell tumors among males and females can provide insights that cannot be gained by separately studying these tumors. Material and methods: Incidence data on male and female gonadal germ cell tumors were drawn from the cancer registries of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, and the United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results program, for non-Hispanic White persons only, for the years 2008–2016. We estimated age-standardized and age-, and histology-specific incidence rates. Results: We included 21,840 male and 716 female gonadal germ cell tumors. Incidence rates among males were higher in Germany (95.8 per million, standard error [SE] 1.1) than in the United States (68.0, SE 0.6), while incidence rates among females were lower in Germany (1.9, SE 0.2) than in the United States (2.6, SE 0.1). The characteristic peak of infantile (age 0–4 years) germ cell tumors among males were missing among females. The age peak of ovarian germ cell tumors occurred 15–20 years earlier (Germany: 10–14 years, United States: 15–19 years) than the age peak of testicular germ cell tumors (30–34 years). The three most common testicular germ cell tumors histologies were seminoma, mixed germ cell tumors, and embryonal carcinoma Among females, the three most common ovarian germ cell tumors histologies were teratoma, yolk sac tumor, monodermal teratomas, and somatic-type tumors arising from dermoid cysts in both countries. Discussion: The characteristic peak of infantile (age 0–4 years) germ cell tumors among males was missing among females. The shapes of the age-specific incidence curves are similar for males and females in Germany and the United States, though with much lower incidence rates in females, suggesting a common pathogenesis. Conclusion: The lower rates among females may be due to the lower number of initiated tumors in the absence of the Y-chromosome, and the earlier peak among females may be due to a younger age at puberty.

The aim of this study was to examine lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and exercise-induced respiratory symptoms in elite athletes performing different sports. Norwegian national-team athletes (30 swimmers, 32 cross-country skiers, 16 speed-skaters, 11 rowers/paddlers, 17 handball players and 23 soccer players) completed a validated questionnaire, measured exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), spirometry, methacholine provocation (PD20met) and skin prick test. Three cut-off levels defined BHR; i.e. PD20met ≤2 µmol, ≤4 µmol and ≤8 µmol. Mean forced vital capacity (FVC) was highest in swimmers (Mean z-score[95%CI] = 1.16 [0.80, 1.51]), and close to or higher than reference values according to the Global Lung Initiative equation, across all sports. Mean forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) was higher than reference values in swimmers (0.48 [0.13, 0.84]), and ball game athletes (0.69 [0.41, 0.97]). Mean forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% of FVC (FEF25-75), and/or FEV1/FVC were lower than reference values in all endurance groups. BHR defined by ≤2 and ≤8 µmol methacholine was observed in respectively 50%–87% of swimmers, 25%–47% of cross-country skiers, 20%–53% of speed-skaters, 18%–36% of rowers/paddlers, and 0%–17% of the ball game athletes. Exercise-induced symptoms were common in all groups, most frequent in cross-country skiers (88%), swimmers (83%) and speed-skaters (81%). publishedVersion

Introduction Maternal and child health (MCH) services are critical for vulnerable populations. Workforce shortages, poor retention, and gaps in necessary trainings impede the capacity of public health systems to address needs. This manuscript characterizes the current MCH workforce, MCH program applicants and graduates, and describe findings within a national context to devise elements of a recruitment and retention strategy. Methods Data were obtained for public health program applicants, first-destination employment outcomes, and worker perceptions and demographics. Data were stratified according to the MCH and total public health workforce and by local, state, and national totals. Data were characterized by degree type, discipline, demographics, and employment outcomes. Results MCH staff constitute 11% of the state and local governmental public health workforce. MCH staff are approximately as diverse, have higher educational attainment, and are more likely to hold nursing degrees than the rest of the public health workforce. Yet, just 14% of MCH staff hold any type of public health degree. The MCH pipeline from academia appears modestly sized, with approximately 5% of applicants between 2017 and 2021 applying to a MCH master’s degree. Discussion The MCH workforce has a lower proportion of formal training or degrees in public health, though trends seem to indicate improvements. However, it is critical that a multi-faceted recruitment and retention strategy be coordinated by a broad range of stakeholders. These efforts will serve to improve the capability and capacity of the public health system to address critical needs of increasingly diverse MCH populations. Significance In order to modernize and reimagine the academic-public health pipeline, it is critical to better understand how many applicants and graduates exist within Maternal and Child Health programs across the US, and their characteristics. This manuscript connects that information with the most recently available public health workforce information on demographics, workplace perceptions, and intent to leave among staff at state and local health departments. Data presented in this paper allow the most comprehensive characterization of the MCH academia->practice pipeline to-date, identifies a fundamental disconnect in those career pathways, and offers options to repair that break.

We investigated the association between exposure to welding fumes and the risk of biliary tract, male breast, bone, and thymus cancer, as well as cancer of the small intestine, eye melanoma, and mycosis fungoides, among men in a European, multicenter case-control study. From 1995–1997, 644 cases and 1,959 control subjects from 7 countries were studied with respect to information on welding and potential confounders. We linked the welding histories of the participants with a measurement-based exposure matrix to calculate lifetime exposure to welding fumes. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using logistic regression models, conditional on country and 5-year age groups, and adjusted for education and relevant confounders. Regular welding was associated with an increased risk of cancer of the small intestine (OR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.50). Lifetime exposure to welding fumes above the median of exposed controls was associated with an increased risk of cancer of the small intestine (OR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.07, 3.72) and male breast (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.77), and some elevation in risk was apparent for bone cancer (OR = 1.92, 95% CI: 0.85, 4.34) with increasing lifetime exposure to welding fumes. Welding fumes could contribute to an increased risk of some rare cancers.

Objective Recognition programs are designed to incentivize early care and education (ECE) settings to implement childhood obesity prevention standards, yet little is known regarding their efficacy. This scoping review details characteristics, methodologies, and criteria used to evaluate recognition programs, identifies gaps in evaluation, and synthesizes existing evidence. Data Source A public health librarian created the search strategies for six databases: Ovid MEDLINE, AGRICOLA, CAB Abstracts, PAIS Index, ERIC, and Scopus. Study Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria Inclusion criteria include recognition program, ECE setting, nutrition or physical activity, and qualitative or quantitative outcomes. Exclusion criteria include programming without recognition component, no ECE setting, no nutrition or physical activity outcome, case studies, or not written in English. Data Extraction Three researchers independently extracted and complied data into an Excel spreadsheet. Data Synthesis Tables were created describing location, recognition program criteria, award incentive, study design, study sample, risk of bias, and outcomes (e.g., menu nutrition) evaluated in each study. Results Three unique recognition programs (described in 7 studies) provided technical assistance, incentives, and training. While outcome measures and study designs varied across programs, it is clear that recognition programs are well accepted and feasible, and one study demonstrated beneficial weight outcomes. Conclusion Although additional evaluation is needed, recognition programs may be a promising strategy to improve obesity prevention practices in ECE.

Objective. Asthma is a common problem among elite athletes and represents a health risk interfering with the athlete’s performance status. This study aimed to evaluate the asthma prevalence among Norwegian summer and winter elite athletes and asthma prevalence across sport categories. We also aimed to examine whether bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), lung function, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO), and allergy status differed between asthmatic and non-asthmatic elite athletes. Methods. Norwegian athletes qualifying for the Beijing Olympic Summer Games 2008 (n = 80) and the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games 2010 (n = 55) were included. The athletes underwent clinical respiratory examination including lung function measurement, methacholine bronchial challenge for assessment of BHR, FENO, and skin prick testing. Asthma was diagnosed based on respiratory symptoms and clinical examination including objective measurements. Results. Asthma was more prevalent among winter athletes (50%) than summer athletes (20%). Thirty-three (52%) endurance athletes, 3 (6%) team sport athletes, and 7 (33%) technical sport athletes had medically diagnosed asthma. Significantly lower lung function ( p < 0.001 ) and higher prevalence of severe BHR ( p < 0.001 ) were found in asthmatic athletes compared with non-asthmatic athletes. Conclusion. Asthma is common among Norwegian elite athletes, with winter and endurance athletes showing the highest prevalence. Asthmatic athletes were characterized by lower lung function and more severe BHR compared with non-asthmatic counterparts. The high prevalence among winter and endurance athletes demonstrates a need for increased attention to prevent and reduce the prevalence of asthma among those athletes.

Aims Apolipoprotein C-II (ApoC-II) is thought to activate lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and is therefore a possible target for treating hypertriglyceridemia. Its relationship with cardiovascular risk has not been investigated in large-scale epidemiologic studies, particularly allowing for apolipoprotein C-III (ApoC-III), an LPL antagonist. Furthermore, the exact mechanism of ApoC-II–mediated LPL activation is unclear. Methods and results ApoC-II was measured in 3141 LURIC participants of which 590 died from cardiovascular diseases during a median (inter-quartile range) follow-up of 9.9 (8.7–10.7) years. Apolipoprotein C-II–mediated activation of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1)–LPL complex was studied using enzymatic activity assays with fluorometric lipase and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) substrates. The mean ApoC-II concentration was 4.5 (2.4) mg/dL. The relationship of ApoC-II quintiles with cardiovascular mortality exhibited a trend toward an inverse J-shape, with the highest risk in the first (lowest) quintile and lowest risk in the middle quintile. Compared with the first quintile, all other quintiles were associated with decreased cardiovascular mortality after multivariate adjustments including ApoC-III as a covariate (all P < 0.05). In experiments using fluorometric substrate-based lipase assays, there was a bell-shaped relationship for the effect of ApoC-II on GPIHBP1–LPL activity when exogenous ApoC-II was added. In ApoC-II-containing VLDL substrate-based lipase assays, GPIHBP1–LPL enzymatic activity was almost completely blocked by a neutralizing anti-ApoC-II antibody. Conclusion The present epidemiologic data suggest that increasing low circulating ApoC-II levels may reduce cardiovascular risk. This conclusion is supported by the observation that optimal ApoC-II concentrations are required for maximal GPIHBP1–LPL enzymatic activity.

BACKGROUND The benefit of endovascular thrombectomy for medium‐vessel occlusion (MeVO) strokes is unclear. We used 90‐day home time to explore outcomes in patients with MeVO versus large‐vessel occlusions treated with endovascular thrombectomy. METHODS Data are from the QuICR (Quality Improvement and Clinical Research) provincial stroke registry and linked administrative data to identify patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy in our center from January 2015 to December 2020. Imaging data were scored by 2‐physician consensus. We defined MeVO as occlusion beyond and including M2–middle cerebral artery, A2–anterior cerebral artery, or P2–posterior cerebral artery segments. Successful reperfusion was defined as Thrombolysis in Cerebral ischemia grades (≥2b/3). The primary outcome was patient home time (the number of nights a patient is back at their premorbid living situation without an increase in level of care within 90 days of the stroke) using random forest regression. Covariate contribution to home time was determined using partial dependence plots. RESULTS Among 663 patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy, 139 (20.9%) had MeVO (median age, 71 years; 50.4% women; median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, 16). The majority (82%) had good pial collaterals, 10.4% had a tandem extracranial carotid occlusion or stenosis, and 41.7% received intravenous thrombolysis. The most common site of occlusion was M2–middle cerebral artery (58.3%). One hundred eighteen (86.7%) patients achieved successful reperfusion (Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia grades ≥2b/3). Using partial dependence plots, the mean predicted home times were similar in patients with MeVO (45.5 days) versus large‐vessel occlusions (44.6 days). Factors predicting lower 90‐day home time in patients with MeVOs were diabetes (−8.7 days), hypertension (−6.5 days), and atrial fibrillation (−3.5 days). There was no meaningful difference in predicted 90‐day home‐time by sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, collateral grade, or thrombolysis. CONCLUSION Patients with MeVO who are selected for endovascular therapy with similar demographic and clinical profiles to large‐vessel occlusions can achieve similar 90‐day home time outcomes to large‐vessel occlusions.

ZusammenfassungAufbauend auf der Studie von Demarzo und Kollegen (2017), in welcher eine vierwöchige achtsamkeitsbasierte Intervention eine ähnliche Wirksamkeit wie das achtwöchige Mindfulness Based Stress Reducation Training aufzeigte, wurde das Training der vorliegenden Arbeit gestaltet. Die insgesamt 120 Proband*innen unterteilten sich in eine Experimentalgruppe (n=80) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n=40) welche zu zwei Messzeitpunkten Fragebögen über deren Achtsamkeitsfähigkeit (Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS)) und Lebenszufriedenheit (Fragebogen zur allgemeinen Lebenszufriedenheit (FLZ), Kurzskala Lebenszufriedenheit-1 (L-1)) ausfüllten. Es zeigte sich, dass die Achtsamkeitsfähigkeit der Experimentalgruppe nach dem Training anstieg und sich signifikant (p=0,05) sowohl vom ersten Messzeitpunkt, als auch von der Kontrollgruppe zu beiden Messzeitpunkten unterschied. Ebenso verhielt es sich mit der Lebenszufriedenheit, die mit einer Multi-Item-Skala gemessen wurde.

Overexpression of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), ErbB2, and ErbB3 promotes growth and antiapoptotic signaling. Overexpression of ErbB2 in breast cancer is associated with poor clinical outcome, and ways of down-regulating ErbB2 are important as therapeutic approaches. In contrast to EGFR, ErbB2 has been shown to be endocytosis deficient. However, down-regulation of ErbB2 can be induced by incubation of cells with geldanamycin and geldanamycin derivatives, counteracting the stabilizing function of heat shock protein 90 on ErbB2. In the present study, we have made use of stably transfected isogenic cell lines expressing ErbB2 only or ErbB2 together with EGFR and/or ErbB3. We now show that whereas ErbB2 can be down-regulated by incubation with geldanamycin in cells expressing ErbB2 only, the rate of geldanamycin-induced down-regulation increases significantly when the cells additionally express EGFR and/or ErbB3. This increase does, however, not correlate with activation/phosphorylation of ErbB2. The potential of heterodimer formation in ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells could thus turn out to be prognostically predictive with respect to outcome of treatment with geldanamycin derivatives. (Mol Cancer Res 2009;7(2):275–84)

ErbB2, a member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, is overexpressed in a number of human cancers. In contrast to the epidermal growth factor receptor, ErbB2 is normally endocytosis resistant. However, ErbB2 can be down-regulated by inhibitors of heat shock protein 90, such as geldanamycin. We now show that geldanamycin induces endocytosis and lysosomal degradation of full-length ErbB2. We further report that the endocytosis of ErbB2 is dynamin and clathrin dependent. When ErbB2 was retained at the plasma membrane due to knockdown of clathrin heavy chain, the intracellular part of ErbB2 was degraded in a proteasomal manner. However, our data strongly suggest that proteasomal activity is not required for geldanamycin-induced endocytosis of ErbB2 in SKBr3 cells. Interestingly, however, proteasomal inhibitors retarded degradation of ErbB2, and electron microscopy analysis strongly suggested that proteasomal activity is required to sort internalized ErbB2 to lysosomes. Because geldanamycin derivatives and inhibitors of proteasomal activity are both used in experimental cancer treatment, knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in geldanamycin-induced down-regulation of ErbB2 is important for future design of cancer treatment. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(3):491–500)

Supplementary Data from Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor or ErbB3 Facilitates Geldanamycin-Induced Down-Regulation of ErbB2

Supplementary Figures S1-S8 from Geldanamycin-Induced Down-Regulation of ErbB2 from the Plasma Membrane Is Clathrin Dependent but Proteasomal Activity Independent

Laboratory skills are important skills that must be possessed by midwifery students. Skill Laboratory is a learning model that aims to teach clinical skills as early as possible. This model helps students achieve competency in mastering the clinical skills needed as a provision before doing direct practice with real patients9. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that influence the physical examination skills of pregnant women in DIII Midwifery students. Method: analytic observational with cross sectional design. The population in this study was DIII Midwifery students, Stikes Salewangang Maros, the sample in this study was DIII Midwifery students in the fourth semester using total sampling technique (42 respondents).Students were asked to do a laboratory practice of physical examination of pregnant women on Phantom in the laboratory 2 times a week for one month (8 times), then a test was carried out to determine the physical examination skills of pregnant women using a checklist. Data analysis used the chi square test to determine the relationship between variables and multiple logistic regression test to determine the most influential variable.

Context.— Homozygous deletion (HD) of CDKN2A is one of the most frequent genetic abnormalities in pleural mesotheliomas. HD of CDKN2A by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a reliable marker of malignancy in mesothelial proliferations; however, evaluation of CDKN2A deletion requires FISH. The 9p21 locus includes both CDKN2A and MTAP (methylthioadenosine phosphorylase); the latter is frequently codeleted with CDKN2A. Objective.— To examine the question of whether immunohistochemistry for MTAP and p16, the protein product of CDKN2A, can serve as a surrogate for CDKN2A HD by FISH. Design.— A random selection of 125 pleural mesothelioma cases was divided into 3 groups for evaluation of p16 and MTAP expression compared with FISH for CDKN2A deletion: 53 with HD, 39 with heterozygous deletion, and 33 without deletion. Results.— By itself, loss of p16 nuclear expression ( Conclusions.— MTAP immunohistochemical staining is a valid surrogate marker for CDKN2A HD by FISH; however, to obtain the same accuracy as the FISH assay, a combination of nuclear p16 and cytoplasmic MTAP staining is recommended. These findings correlate with prognosis.

BACKGROUND: Parkinson’s disease (PD)-associated psychosis is a well-known non-motor complication, occurring years after diagnosis of PD. Incidence data vary across different studies highlighting a need for long-term observation and clinical definition. OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of psychosis in patients with PD and to investigate their survival in an incident cohort study from 1991–2010 in Olmsted County, MN. METHODS: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project to define an incident-cohort study of parkinsonism (1991–2010) in Olmsted County, MN. A movement-disorder specialist reviewed the electronic medical records and applied diagnosis criteria to PD. Psychosis was diagnosed using of NINDS/NIMH unified criteria. RESULTS: We identified 669 cases of parkinsonism; 297 patients were clinically diagnosed with PD. 114/297 (38.4%) patients had evidence of psychosis (60% male); the median onset age of psychosis was 79.4 years. The incidence of Parkinson’s disease psychosis (PDP) was 4.28/100 person-years. PDP patients had a 71% increased risk of death compared to PD patients. In PD patients without psychosis, men had 73.4% increased risk of death compared to women, whereas no significant sex difference was observed among PDP men vs. women. Of 114 patients diagnosed with psychosis, 59 were treated with antipsychotics. There was no significant difference in survival between treated and untreated patients. CONCLUSION: PDP increased the odds of death compared to PD patients. Men with PD without psychosis had greater odds of death compared to women; however, in PD with psychosis the odds of death were comparable among sexes. Lastly, treatment with anti-psychotics did not significantly affect survival.