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We investigate the impact of entrepreneurs' cross-cultural experience on new venture performance. Drawing on social cognitive theory, we examine how two socio-cognitive traits, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and alertness to opportunities moderate the relationship between cross-cultural experience and new venture performance. We adopt a multi-method approach. In Study 1, we implement an experiment on a sample of 177 participants enrolled in an innovation and entrepreneurship program. In Study 2, we conduct a field survey of 65 entrepreneurs with varying cross-cultural experience. Our findings suggest that cross-cultural experience has a positive effect on new venture performance, and that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and alertness to opportunities bolster this relationship. Our research contributes to entrepreneurship research in a cross-cultural context and to the growing literature regarding individual cognitions in entrepreneurship.

Motivation is what we think we can do. According to the socio-cognitive approach, self-efficacy is one of the six most essential constituents of reason. This feeling encompasses all of the individual's beliefs about their abilities to implement the behaviors they deem helpful to achieve the desired results. The Sense of Perceived Personal Efficacy influences the choice of activities, performance, the expenditure of effort, persistence in the face of difficulties, positive or negative thoughts, and emotional reactions. These beliefs regulate human behavior according to four processes, primarily the affective process (coping principally). The Sense of Self-Efficacy is based on four factors: lived experience, vicarious experience, verbal persuasion, emotional or physiological states, and sources of information about the Sense of Self-Efficacy. This article summarizes research that revolves around the following questions: is there a link between feelings of Perceived Self-Efficacy and coping strategies; can we act on the student's motivation through his Sense of Perceived Self-Efficacy possibly modifiable by coping strategies?

Stigma is a convoluted interaction between history, sociology, psychology, medicine, anthropology, and politics. Often, stigma is inter-twined at cognitive-emotional-behavioral level with a socio-cultural-economic-political milieu and hence distinct from prejudice, discrimination or, stereotypy. Stigma against diseases as a concept has evolved and has differed among various illnesses. At this time of humanitarian crisis, it is prudent to understand the concept, elements and models of stigma to tackle stigma against COVID-19 instrumentally. Stigma against COVID-19 can be partially extrapolated from various models described in psychiatry for mental illness. We propose an integrated socio-cognitive-emotional-behavioral model of stigma to conceptualize and understand the stigma against COVID-19, a matter of immense public health significance.

Personality is a cognitive-affective processing system, which, according to the socio-cognitive theory, creates four dimensions. They are reflected in the skills, beliefs, standards and goals of the individual, which are consistent and consistent patterns of behaviour. Self-efficacy judgments and self-patterns determine the choice of goals and persistence in achieving them. On the other hand, the emotions preceding and accompanying the achievement of goals affect coping with stress and problems. The review of the clinical and therapeutic applications of this theory included stress inoculation training, REBT rational emotive therapy, Beck's cognitive depression therapy, schema therapy and modelling methods. The great advantage of this theory is the possibility of verifying its theoretical assumptions and confirming their huge amount of research. Besides, it has a practical application as many types of cognitive-behavioural therapies have been developed on its basis.

A model of mutual influence is presented where the structure of individual’s beliefs and the social structure both matter. The model thus combines processes of belief change base on Thagard’s (Behav Brain Sci 12:435–467, 1989) theory of mental coherence with plausible processes of social network change. This combination of cognitive and social processes has outcomes that are qualitatively different from either only cognitive or only social pro- cesses, which shows the importance of studying these together. An illustration that moves towards representing the processes involved in Brexit is also exhibited to show the potential of this kind of simulation. Whilst only conceived of as an illustration of a kind of model, it is consistent with a number of observed patterns in opinion poll data, with some social and cognitive theories and only consists of plausible processes. This kind of model could also be used to relate and integrate different kinds of evidence into a coherent framework in the shape of more developed simulations.

The paper aims to examine the critical success factors that influence the attitude of health consumers and their intention to use the national health portal (MyHEALTH Portal). The study was constructed from two behavioral models; Diffusion of Innovation and Theory of Reasoned Action. It utilized an online survey hosted on the official portal website with a convenience sampling technique of 223 respondents. Results showed complexity did not significantly contribute towards attitude, while trialability and relative advantage showed significant contributions. Meanwhile, attitude influenced health consumers' intention to use the portal, while subjective norms indicated otherwise. Keywords: Diffusion; socio-cognitive; health portal, health consumer eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i17.2809

This article proposes a theoretical model and measurement scale for leading a learning project team. While leadership is largely recognized as one of the most important mechanisms for transferring learning from individuals to projects, there lacks a succinct measurement scale for project members to report on project leaders’ behaviors that promote collective learning in projects. Drawing from rich theories on multilevel learning, socio-cognitive conflicts, and leading diversity, we develop a measurement scale that captures project members’ experiences of how their leaders (a) support the identification and communication of project members’ individual mental models, (b) support the resolution of differences in mental models among project team members, and (c) create opportunities and time for team members to interact with others outside the project team. Collectively, these three dimensions form a new scale for leading a learning project team. We cautiously conclude sound psychometric measurement properties from an initial sample of 94 valid responses to a questionnaire distributed to project members through international professional project management networks. This study highlights the multi-level nature of leading a learning project team and provides tentative empirical support for the reflective three-dimensional scale predicting learning in project teams better than transformational leadership.

Since Judge’s pioneering 1960 monograph on social engagement in early Christian groups there have been a host of further sociological and social-psychological engagements with ancient texts. One relative newcomer to the biblical research discipline is the socio-cognitive engagement of Social Identity Theory (SIT) and its attendant approaches. This article traces how Social Identity Theory has been applied to the biblical texts, using 1 Corinthians as an exemplary case. We trace the development of social approaches to 1 Corinthians from Theissen’s early engagements through to the current applications of SIT to the text. This is followed by a broad overview of the theory and approaches, along with a brief survey of its application to biblical research, and then 1 Corinthians. Finally, we utilize 1 Cor. 9.19-23 for a brief demonstration of the analytical utility of SIT within the social context of the epistle.

This paper discuss the phenomenon of empathy in social robotics and is divided into three main parts. Initially, I analyse whether it is correct to use this concept to study and describe people’s reactions to robots. I present arguments in favour of the position that people actually do empathise with robots. I also consider what circumstances shape human empathy with these entities. I propose that two basic classes of such factors be distinguished: biological and socio-cognitive. In my opinion, one of the most important among them is a sense of group membership with robots, as it modulates the empathic responses to representatives of our- and other- groups. The sense of group membership with robots may be co-shaped by socio-cognitive factors such as one’s experience, familiarity with the robot and its history, motivation, accepted ontology, stereotypes or language. Finally, I argue in favour of the formulation of a pragmatic and normative framework for manipulations in the level of empathy in human–robot interactions.

Gender disparity persists in the United States; women are still paid less than men and are also subject to discrimination in the workplace based on the fact that they may become mothers. Further, there is evidence to indicate that single mothers are judged more harshly than their married mother counterparts and single fathers. As a form of amelioration, some women self medicate with alcohol and according to the CDC), alcohol use disorder (AUD) is on the rise for women. Although there is research on gender disparity, the motherhood penalty, and AUD, there are no experiments testing socio-cognitive judgments on those combined factors and specifically examining what we term "the single motherhood penalty". Therefore, in two experiments using between-participants designs, participants rated a picture of a person (female or male) paired with a brief description where marital status (single or married) and type of ailment (alcohol or physical) was manipulated. In Experiment 1, a passive AUD manipulation did not show a clear single motherhood penalty. In Experiment 2, the results of an active AUD manipulation supported the predicted single motherhood penalty (Experiment 2a), but did not show an analogous single fatherhood penalty (Experiment 2 b). These findings are the first to offer empirical evidence that socio-cognitive judgments might perpetuate the interplay of the single motherhood penalty and AUD.

Drawing from a critical and socio-cognitive approach to discourse analysis, this paper analyses the discursive creativity deployed by feminists in the production of slogans for the last 8M (InternationalWomen's Day) rallies from 2018 to 2020 in Spain. Findings show how the creative discourse strategies identified in the 8M banners, recontextualization and multimodal metaphor in the main, triggered by new feminist movements (Feminism 4.0, Feminism of the 99%), as well as by salient socio-cultural events taking place within the community, are construing a new discourse of optimism, festivity and empowerment, that is helping to transform gender relations in Spanish society, This work was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness Research Project FFI2016/77540P

Contains fulltext : 233172.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Understanding others' perspectives and integrating this knowledge in social interactions is challenging for young children; even adults struggle with this skill. While young children show the capacity to understand what others can and cannot see under supportive laboratory conditions, more research is necessary to understand how children implement their perspective-taking (PT) skill during interactions and which socio-cognitive skills support their ability to do so. This preregistered study examined children's Level 1 visual PT in a real-time social interaction and tested whether social-cognitive skills (focusing on inhibition of imitation) predicted PT. Thirty-six 3-year-old children (mean age: 37.3 months) participated in a PT task and responded implicitly (via eye gaze) and explicitly (via toy choice) to situations where their communicative partner could see some objects but not others. Three-year-olds demonstrated sensitivity to another's perspective via implicit responses, but did not consistently take their partner's perspective into account in their actions when considering objects their partner could not see. Contrary to adult findings, children who struggled to inhibit imitating (those more affected by another's actions) demonstrated better PT, again when considering objects outside their partner's sight. Thus, 3-year-olds' sensitivity to others' perspectives was robust, while acting on PT knowledge may still be developing; further, children more affected by another's actions demonstrated improved PT skills. 24 p.

This study analyzes media representations of Islam and Muslims in the New York Times news articles six months before and after 9/11 to ascertain if and how post-9/11 representations changed. Simila...

Being some major problems of our contemporary world, racism and ethnocentrism demand persistent critical scrutiny. One oft-neglected aspect of these problems is how such prejudices are shared and communicated among the members of the dominant group. This study examines Lynn Nottage’s Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Sweat (2015), as a dramatic representation of how racism and ethnocentrism are reproduced and communicated as a social cognition. To this aim, the study tries to employ Teun Adrianus Van Dijk’s cognitively-based discourse analysis and focus on some micro-level aspects of racism as a social cognition rather as an abstract historical phenomenon. Contextualizing the play within its socio-historical moment, three trends of schematic attitudes and mental models regarding ethnocentrism_ as Van Dijk’s theory outlines_ are identified from and studied in the play. The findings demonstrate the socio-cognitive dimension of the discourse of racism, particularly the way it is reproduced and communicated among the dominant in-group members. Moreover, the discussion offers some insight on Lynn Nottage’s latest dramatic endeavor in a hard-hitting portrayal of the intersections of race, class, and political economy and in drawing attention to the real meaning of diversity and inclusion in contemporary America.

The linguistic and cultural diversity within the European Union has created new demands for multilingual European citizens. To meet the new requirements, it is necessary, educational strategies to be designed by those who actively involved in foreign language education in various countries in a new context, which will ensure the "productivity" of learning foreign languages in the implementation of foreign language education. This effort also includes this paper, which introduces the model of socio-cognitive learning theory in the context of the communicative approach to the teaching and learning of foreign languages. Especially in this case study, the teaching and learning of the idioms Used to and Would Idioms will be presented by using the Sosio-cognitive theory.

Parcopresis is a condition where individuals have trouble (or inability) defecating in restrooms due to the perceived scrutiny of others. The aim of the current research was to identify the prevalence of public toilet avoidance and explore if an extended socio-cognitive model of parcopresis predicts toilet avoidance. Seven-hundred and fourteen university students (73.2% female; mean age = 28.79 years) met criteria to participate and completed a series of questionnaires and ten restroom vignettes. On average 80.00% (gender adjusted 82.54%) of the participants chose to use an available toilet, while 16.78% (gender adjusted 14.44%) avoided a toilet for non-contamination fears. A further 3.22% (gender adjusted 3.01%) participants on average avoided using a toilet due to fears of contamination. Males were significantly more likely to use and not avoid toilets than females across all vignettes. A structural equation model (SEM) indicated the data supported the proposed model well (χ2 p value = .185, CMIN/df = 1.359, CFI = .998, TLI = .995, RMSEA = .023, SRMR = .0207) with significant direct relationships being found between: dysfunctional attitudes influencing fear of positive and negative evaluation and fear of social reprisal, and fear of positive and negative evaluation influencing fear of social reprisal and social anxiety symptoms. Social anxiety symptoms had a direct significant influence on parcopresis symptoms, while in turn parcopresis symptoms had a direct significant influence on toilet avoidance. The current study provides evidence that toilet avoidance is underpinned by social anxiety processes and affects at least 14.44% of university students.

This paper employs Kecskes’ socio-cognitive approach to analyze the varied speech styles and cognitive dynamics of the Chinese character (Lee) in John Steinbeck’s East of Eden. The discussion of the novelistic dialogue segments has shown that the Chinese interlocutor’s verbal strategies vary from pidgin to English or a combination of the two, which are predominantly hearer-centered and marked by deliberate and conscious attempts on the part of the speaker to meet the cooperation principle. Lee’s movement between different communication modes is partly predetermined by the disparate power relations between the interlocutors and partly determined by his own communicative needs, thus producing a unique pattern that governs his language use in the given intercultural communicative process. In particular, pidgin is used as a self-protection mechanism, a buffer and a way of identification by the Chinese character, which informs the wider socio-historical context of Chinese immigrants’ victimization of racial discrimination in the American society at the turn of the twentieth century. Just like his shifting verbal strategies in intercultural communication, Lee’s cultural identity is also characterized by fluidity in the in-between space of two cultures.

Challenging the assumption of perfect legal knowledge, this Article employs social psychology to better understand how individuals make decisions about legal compliance under imperfect information conditions. It adapts the informational aspects of “social influence conception of criminal deterrence” to regulatory compliance at large. However, it conceptualizes social influence as more than just “visible deterrence.” Social Psychology helps us to understand who, how many, and what kind of behaviors constitute adequate social proof to guide an individual’s decision on compliance. Additionally, the interaction of social proof and legal compliance is considered within a dynamic framework in relation to specific rules and across the system. Within this framework, compliance/non-compliance cascades across different rules and can create a perception about legal compliance at large, which in turn guides initial expectations with respect to new laws. Over time, this can create high/low compliance equilibriums within which societies operate. Understanding this informational role that social influence plays in legal compliance can further our understanding of what motivates compliance, the potency of the expressive functions of law in societies operating within different compliance equilibriums, and inform policy discussions on how to improve compliance—both voluntary and through sanction/incentives.

A systematic review designed to identify the socio-cognitive determinants of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in young people.

Objective. Analysis of the relationship between loss of personal significance, intellectual humility, the need for cognitive closure, and support for radicalisation. Background. Psychological studies of the process of radicalization make a significant contribution to the explanation of this negative socio-political phenomenon. One of the questions from these studies is how cognitive rigidity is related to ideological extremism. Study design. The study examined the relationship between loss of personal significance, intellectual humility, and support for radical views mediated by the need for cognitive closure. The presence and nature of the relationship were checked using a path analysis performed in the AMOS 23 program. Participants. 365 residents from Russia (78.5% women), age from 20 to 66 years (M=42.11; SD=11.62). The majority of the sample has a higher education (94.1%), the rest have secondary or specialized secondary education. 41.8% of the respondents identified themselves as Christians, 17.8% as Agnostics, 11.7% as atheists, 10.1% as Muslims, the rest-as other faiths or chose to skip this item of the questionnaire. Measurements. Russian-language versions of the short scale of scales of the need for cognitive closure by D. Webber and A. Kruglansky; the scale of intellectual humility by M. Leary et al. and the scale of loss of personal significance. A questionnaire for assessing support for radical violence. Results. The direct effect of loss of personal importance on the support of radical views is mediated by the need for cognitive closure. The reverse effect of intellectual humility on the support of radical views is mediated by the need for cognitive completeness. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the significance of the “cognitive vulnerability” of supporting extremist ideology, which is extremely important for understanding the personal aspects of both radicalization and deradicalization.

With the increased instances of deviant behaviours, there is a pressing need to explore its instigating variables. This article explores the influence of Breach of Psychological Contract (BPC) on two dimensions of workplace deviant behaviour namely, organisational deviance and interpersonal deviance through the mediating role of moral disengagement, a construct whose role has not been studied in the literature. The study is to explore the socio cognitive reaction of employees when the social exchange relationship between employer and employee is disturbed. It focuses on the fact that promises made to the employees matter. The data were collected from 248 employees working in private sector in India with at least one year of experience and analysed using Structural Equation Modelling and Mediation model developed by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Hayes (2008). Cross sectional study design is followed. The results show that Breach of Psychological Contract significantly affects both types of workplace deviant behaviour (organisational and interpersonal) with moral disengagement partially mediating the relationship. The conclusion drawn from the study will guide the managers to focus on maintaining psychological contracts for establishing a healthy social exchange relationship between employer and employee. It will help them to not go overboard with false promises and design their policies in such a manner that employee's psychological contracts are fulfilled. Use of moral disengagement as a mediator will highlight the importance of studying socio-cognitive reaction of employees to certain actions of the organisation.

The paper is a critical discourse analysis of political discourse. It relies on van Dijk’s socio- cognitive approach which employs miscellaneous linguistic methodologies as input to support the interdisciplinarity of the socio- cognitive base. The paper adopts an eclectic model that combines pragmatic and semantic concepts as a methodology for the socio- cognitive approach. The pragma- semantic interface has always produced better holistic, integrated, and objective linguistic inference. The eclectic model combines Sabet & Zhang’s (2015) pragmatic functions of vague expressions (on the pragmatic level) and the semantic macrostructures and the semantic microstructures (on the semantic level). Wodak (2007) emphasises the vitality of the pragmatics in any critical discussion that analyses indirect and inferred linguistic techniques and biased utterances in order to identify and evaluate political discourse . Since vague expressions overlap sometimes in performing pragmatic functions, the pragmatic component of the eclectic model is further supported by the semantic concepts of semantic macrostructure and semantic microstructure. The data is collected from the White House Press Releases (issued in 2014 when ISIS took hold of major Iraqi cities) on Iraq. Such discourse is globally interesting and can shape public opinion about the critical events and realities in Iraq at that time. The analysis has proved the workability of the pragmatic- semantic integration and the paper has come up with a set of concluding remarks. Keywords: critical discourse analysis; semantic macrostructure; semantic microstructure; van Dijk’s socio- cognitive; vagueness; White House Press Release

This work has two objectives. The first is to describe a program to strengthen socio-cognitive abilities in initial education children (called PHSC), which is focused on training teachers on its implementation in the classroom. The second objective is to examine the effectiveness of the program when it is applied in schools with different socio-cultural contexts. It involved a total of 257 initial-level students attending two pre-primary schools in the province of Mendoza. One school was in an urban area of a more stable social environment, and the other in a socially-vulnerable area. The program was administered by teachers who had been trained for it. Pre- and post-assessments were conducted using socio-cognitive tests on the students. The teachers responded to the Executive Functioning Scale for initial education children before and after implementation of the PHSC program, and parents responded to an on-line survey to find out whether they had noticed any improvements or positive changes after the application of the program. The results suggest the possibility that this program, implemented by teachers, could improve the socio-cognitive abilities in children of both of the different social contexts, as well as being a driver to create conditions of equal opportunities and generate learning benefits in all their students. Fil: Ison, Mirta Susana. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina Fil: Gonzalez, Daniela Fernanda. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina Fil: Korzeniowski, Celina Graciela. Universidad del Aconcagua. Facultad de Psicología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mendoza. Instituto de Ciencias Humanas, Sociales y Ambientales; Argentina

The history of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK is replete with digital interventions which have either failed or been abandoned midway. When analyzing these interventions, complexities ...

PurposeThis paper aims to develop a conceptual model that examines the role of an individual’s confidence in the transferred knowledge in realizing benefits from such transfers. In so doing, the paper attempts to address the gap in the knowledge transfer (KT) literature pertaining to the inability of recipients to gain benefits from incoming transferred knowledge.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model has been developed by drawing from the literature on socio-cognitive approaches by using psychological variables (individual-level differences in need for closure, regulatory focus and self-efficacy) and contextual factors that include the perceived novelty of knowledge and positive feedback from social interactions, which influence confidence in incoming knowledge.FindingsThe conceptual model builds on the socio-cognitive perspective and explores some of the important issues that could contribute to the individual’s adeptness (or lack thereof) in deriving benefits from transferred knowledge, thus addressing a vital gap in strategy and management literature.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the concept of confidence in knowledge to the KT literature, which could lend valuable insights pertaining to deriving benefits from transferred knowledge. In addition, by highlighting the role of important individual-specific constructs in determining the ability to gain benefits from KT, the paper makes a significant contribution to the stream of research on the micro-foundational bases of strategy. Finally, exploring perceived novelty as a knowledge attribute in this paper adds an interesting perspective to the individuals’ perception of the target knowledge quality and the resulting confidence in the incoming knowledge, which could in turn be moderated by individual differences.

Achieving sustainability as a firm outcome is increasingly a concern for CEOs. Attention breadth (executive attention where attention is focused on a variety of areas simultaneously) is an important capability for CEOs to have in order to achieve sustainability performance at the firm level, as sustainability requires attending to multiple areas simultaneously including environmental, social, and governance dimensions as well as financial performance. To further explicate the development of attention breadth, I explore the two socio-cognitive antecedents of attention breadth—career experience and social ties. Additionally, I examine the impact of CEO attention breadth on sustainability performance. A content analysis of letters to shareholders from a sample of Fortune 500 firms together with other archival data show an indirect influence of career experience and social ties on sustainability performance through the mediator of attention breadth. In particular, the number of social ties is shown to have more influence than career experience in determining the level of attention breadth, which I argue and show, ultimately leads to improved sustainability performance represented by a broader and more complex set of firm outcomes. The findings shed light on the antecedents of sustainability performance and expand the understanding of executive attention.

Drawing on social cognitive career theory and institutional theory, we develop a multilevel and integrative model to examine the influence of entrepreneurial cognition factors (entrepreneurial self-efficacy and outcome expectations) on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition (EOR). We also consider the moderating effect of contextual factors (normative and regulatory dimensions) on the relationship between entrepreneurial factors and EOR. We use the information provided by both the Adult Population Survey of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project (2006–2016) and the Economic Freedom of the World 2018 Annual Report of the Fraser Institute. After combining both sources, we applied a multilevel analysis to a sample of 293,126 entrepreneurs from 97 countries. We found that self-efficacy and outcome expectations positively influence EOR. The regulatory and normative dimension positively moderates the relationship between self-efficacy and EOR, but the effects of outcome expectations on EOR are not reinforced by any institutional factors.

This study examines socio-cognitive motivators of information-sharing behaviors during the 2018 Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea. During the outbreak,...

This study critically examines the discourses about the self-identity formation and public perception about transgender community in District Mansehra, Pakistan. The study is theoretically guided by socio-cognitive approach of discourse analysis. The data was collected in the participant setting through in-depth interviews from the twenty transgender and fifteen respondents from the general public. The views of transgender about their self-identity and public perception about transgender was analyzed in the light of the linguistic choices while using socio-cognitive model. It was found that the self-identity formation of transgender is socially constructed that was reflected in their discourse. Likewise, the status, acceptance and overall social existence of transgender are also potentially determined by the views and narratives of the general public. The study concludes that the identity formation and discrimination of transgender is socially and linguistically constructed and internalized by the transgender community in specific and society in general.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to use correlation analysis to understand how knowledge structure, task structure and collaboration affect collective knowledge (CK) by the mediating mechanism of communication. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on an existing gap in the literature related to CK, a research model with five hypotheses is proposed. The hypotheses were analyzed based on data collected from 114 work-team practitioners using structural equation modeling. Findings The results indicate that communication, knowledge structure, task structure and collaboration significantly contribute to CK and that communication partially mediates the impact of these constructs on CK. Originality/value The value of the current research is in its contribution to the understanding of CK formation.

PurposeAs the prioritization of family goals depends on the resolution of family conflict, this study's purpose is to explain how a dominant coalition (DC) of parental family members prioritizes their family economic and non-economic goals when faced with different types of family conflict.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework is developed drawing on a socio-cognitive approach to explain a family's goal formation process. This socio-cognitive approach extends the stakeholder salience underpinnings of family influence/essence theory. It shows that family conflict arises from the complex and novel social settings of a family business and that a DC prioritizes their family's goals by drawing on heuristic biases to resolve such family conflict.FindingsA key finding of this study is the introduction of a distinct type of agency to family influence/essence research. Unlike the salient explanations, a family's goal formulation process is attributed to a DC's heuristic response in resolving their family business conflict.Originality/valueScholars have called for a greater need to investigate the social and cognitive underpinnings of a family's goal formation process. While the social settings of a family business are often explained in terms of family conflict, an understanding of the sources of such conflict and their resolution have received limited attention. This study opens new avenues to understanding the sources of such family conflict and the cognitive mechanisms needed to overcome them. This understanding is critical not only to the prioritization of a family's goals but also to the idea that “influence” defines the essence of a family business.

The current study examined (a) the impact of religious socialization practices and parents’ concepts on the development of an abstract religious concept (i.e., God) in young children, and (b) whether or not children’s socio-cognitive ability moderates the relationship between their religious concept and sources of information about the concept. 215 parent-child dyads from diverse religious backgrounds (Protestant Christian, Roman Catholic, Muslim, non-affiliated) participated. Children were between the ages of 3.52 and 6.98 years of age (M = 4.770, SD = .767). Four main findings emerged from this study. First, children conceptualized God as more humanlike than their parents did. Second, younger children were more likely to have a humanlike conception of God than older children. Third, parents’ concept of God and children’s concept of God had a stronger relationship when the child’s mental-state reasoning was more accurate. Fourth, the frequency of children’s engagement in religious practices was unrelated to children’s concept of God after controlling for child’s age. Taken together, these findings lend support for the view that social cognition is an important factor in young children’s acquisition of cultural information about abstract entities.

This paper presents an augmented reality-based Chinese character composition game (ARC) that employs augmented papers to engage lower primary school students in collaborative Chinese character learning. A design research approach was used to gain a holistic view of designing, enacting, and evaluating the ARC. The participants included four teachers and five classes of students from two primary schools. The school-based research findings suggested that: 1) the ARC was an effective system for improving beginning learners’ orthographic knowledge of Chinese characters, particularly for those students with low Chinese language proficiency; 2) the tangible paper interface engaged students in group work and increased the game playfulness; and 3) students’ language proficiency had a significant effect on their perceptions of ease of use and usefulness of the augmented paper game. This paper not only substantiated the potential of the augmented paper as a carrier of educational content, but also instantiated how to implement it to promote social and cognitive supports for interaction and collaboration.

Introduction: Deceptive intentions may be realized by imparting false (simple deception) or true (manipulative truth) information. Both forms of deception require inferring others' thoughts and are underpinned by the theory of mind (TOM) neural system. Manipulative truth is thought to more strongly recruit these processes. However, the organization of functional interactions underlying simple deception and manipulative truth remains unclear. Materials and Methods: We performed psychophysiological interaction analysis for a key node in the TOM system, the right temporoparietal junction (rTPJ), using functional MRI data obtained from 23 volunteers (14 men and 9 women, age range 18-45 years) during the sender-receiver game. During the game, participants sent true, simple deceptive, or manipulative truthful messages to another player according to their own choice. A Bayesian approach to statistics was employed to perform statistical inference and define voxels with significant changes in functional interactions. Results: We observed functional interactions between nodes of the TOM system (bilateral TPJ, left precuneus, left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and right superior temporal sulcus) characterizing both forms of deception. We identified an increment in functional interactions of the rTPJ with the left TPJ (lTPJ) and right precuneus associated with manipulative truth. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a higher rate of manipulative truthful actions was associated with weaker functional interactions between the rTPJ and lTPJ, left precuneus, and left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. Discussion: Compared with simple deception, manipulative truth is associated with a higher demand for socio-cognitive processes that contributes to the cognitive load of this form of deception.

Nowadays, racial segregation issues still take place as a part of society even though the idea of equality is promoted to society. For example, lately in Indonesia the topic of segregation becomes the trending topic especially in relation to the politics. In the United States, the racial segregation against minority groups still remains as a controversial issue until now. In 2016, the racism issue was on high concern in public as represented in cases involving US police who shot and killed black people. Those series of cases raise back the awareness of racial segregation back then in 1950 which becomes the greatest momentum of conflicts in the history of racial segregation (Rbedi, 2016). This study examines the social power represents in Martin Luther King Jr.’s speeches. This study further investigates types of social power used, and how the gap between majority group and minority groups reflects in the speeches. It employed critical discourse analysis with socio cognitive approach was applied. The data were taken from three speeches of Martin Luther King Jr.: “I Have a Dream”, “Our God is Marching On”, and “I’ve Been to the Mountaintop”. The result reveals that five types of social power were used in the speeches (French & Raven, 1959; Raven, 1965, as cited in Raven, 2008). The gap between majority and minority group was reflected in their social status and roles in society.

Using ideas from the mobilites/transfer and policy learning literatures, this paper unpacks how system factors and socio-cognitive behaviours of policy actors create conditions of policy absence. Whilst mobilities/transfer studies have ballooned over the years thanks in part to continuously evolving global communication and travel systems, these studies have tended to overwhelmingly focus on sites where policies are present. For the most part, sites where policies are absent, rejected, de-activated, redirected or failed have received little attention. This paper responds to recent calls for scholars to focus on places where best-practice policy models are absent by employing the presence of Business Improvement Districts in Cape Town as an empirical lens to understand policy absence in Accra. The paper relies on a combination of literature review, discourse analyses and semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that presences and absences of urban policies are conditions of prevailing political, social and economic perturbations in a country. Additionally, at the local level, the exercise of power, dominance, opinions, attitudes and values by actors equally contribute to creating policy presence or absence.

The paper focuses on the differences in the English and Russian headlines referring to the mental and contextual models of readers and journalists. The article considers the tendencies in the verbalization of the models under the influence of a concrete linguistic culture. The analysis reveals that the Russian-language headlines of articles to a greater extent actualize the ethno-specific contextual model. The title is represented by a proposition with an implication and an abstract level of description. Unlike the Russian-language headlines, the high-quality UK press is still characterized by a rather “serious” approach to presenting information in the genre of news articles. The headlines of the articles have a clear description indicating specific agents and patients of the communicative event, and also represent fairly explicit propositions. Based on the socially shared knowledge of the British epistemic community, the author actively forms a dynamic contextual model of the recipient reader by introducing new knowledge about current events and realities of modern life.