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Pre-registration for an Experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance.

In this study, we aim to test the intergroup contact hypothesis in the context of social media (specifically: Twitter) combining survey data and data scraped from participants' Twitter accounts.

Stout and Dasgupta (2011) found in three studies that exposure to generic masculine or what they termed “gender-exclusive language” led women to feel ostracized. More concretely, when women were exposed to language that included only male referents (e.g., “he,” “guys”), they felt more ostracized/less belonging than when exposed to gender-neutral (e.g., “one”) or gender-inclusive (e.g., “he or she”) language. The purpose of this work is to conduct a high-powered replication of this effect, using the methods of their Study 1.

Empathy and schadenfreude are emotions that often lead to moral prosocial behaviors or harmful spiteful behaviors, respectively. An outstanding question is what motivates people’s feelings of empathy and schadenfreude towards people from different groups. Here we test two prominent motivators of emotions: personality and ideology. Previous work has found that people’s ideological orientations towards respecting traditionalism (RWA) and preferences about group-based hierarchy (SDO) can impact intergroup emotions. Further, low agreeableness, low openness to experiences, and high conscientiousness uniquely engender SDO and RWA. In the research presented here, we examine the relationship between personality, ideology, and emotions, arguing that SDO and RWA will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude but towards different groups. SDO will predict reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards low-status groups while RWA will predicted reduced empathy and increased schadenfreude towards threatening groups. We further extend past work by investigating a third ideology (left-wing authoritarianism), exploring its relationship with personality and emotions.

This study was pre-registered before participant data collection began, but after research assistant coding began. The registration includes two documents: the pre-registration document containing methodological details and the content coding scheme.

This is an addendum to our initial pre-registration (“Pre-registration diversity dilution 1Oct2021.pdf”) after we have already collected data. The addendum document ("Pre-registration ADDENDUM diversity dilution 25Oct2021") contains extra analyses not included in the original pre-registration.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a higher endowment than the abundance condition.

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are often judged as less engaging, less likeable, and more awkward based on nonverbal behavior alone (Grossman, 2015; Marchena & Eigsti, 2010). Such first impressions can have a significant negative impact on social development and functional outcome for individuals with ASD. Recent studies have also found that individuals with ASD do not achieve the same level of nonverbal coordination in their interactions as typically-developed (TD) individuals (Georgescu et al., 2020; Wadge et al., 2019). This study investigates whether impression formation by TD participants differs between ASD and TD individuals and is influenced by non-verbal interpersonal synchrony.

Eating and drinking while distracted has been linked to higher subsequent consumption. We hypothesize that distracted consumption leads to a lower decrease in food approach motivation after the meal. This may lead people to consume more afterwards than they would have if they ate without distraction. This is studies in two experiments: In Experiment 1 distraction is manipulated by letting participants consume lunch once while distracted and once while doing no other activities and measuring food approach motivation before and after each meal. In Experiment 2 food approach motivation is measured before and after lunch and dinner on three days and participant indicated whether they were distracted after each meal. Food approach motivation is assessed using a mobile approach avoidance task (mAAT; Zech et al., 2020) with food and object images.

This is a pre-registration before data collection. Full pre-registration details are in the included PDF pre-registration file dated Jun 21, 2022. along with PDF of the Qualtrics questionnaire.

Pre-registration for an experiment on financial scarcity and temporal discounting. We manipulate financial scarcity with the household task, where participants have to manage the finances of a household over several rounds. In this experiment, we design the experimental conditions in a way that the scarcity and abundance conditions end the experiment with a similar balance. To do so, the scarcity condition receives a positive income shock. In this experiment, we administer the income shock after round 1.

We document judicial leniency on defendant birthdays across 5 million decisions. French sentences are 1% fewer and 3% shorter. U.S. federal sentences are 33% shorter in the day component of sentences (the month component remains unaffected). New Orleans sentences are 15% shorter overall. No leniency appears on the days before or after a defendant’s birthday. Federal judges using deterrence language in opinions, are unaffected, isolating the judicial as opposed to defendant channel. The effect is doubled when judge and defendant share the same race. Our courtroom setting rules out many models of social preferences with reciprocity motives, but may be consistent with indirect reciprocity and guilt aversion based on the judge’s beliefs about the defendant’s reference point.

This study is a follow-up of a previously preregistered experiment on the effects of being exposed to an authoritarian populist discourse on moral value threat and tolerance. Supporting our initial hypothesis, in the previous study we observed that an authoritarian populist discourse elicits more value threat compared to a moderate discourse, even when controlling for discourse-participant political orientation matching. We also hypothesized that those participants exposed to the authoritarian populist discourse become less tolerant to alternative political options. This hypothesis was not supported by the data as the analysis of variance did not yield a statistically significant main effect of the type of discourse on tolerance. However, we find an interaction with the variable of satisfaction with democracy. The latter moderated the relationship between the condition and political tolerance, such as tolerance for those satisfied with democracy tended to decrease in the authoritarian populist discourse, while the trend was reversed for those dissatisfied. In the present study we aim to replicate this findings, while also extending them in two main ways: - First, we seek to understand which kind of values are threatened by the populist authoritarian discourse. While it was hypothesized that values would be threatened by this discourse regardless of political orientation, the fact that the value threat scale was content free opens up interesting questions. On one hand it could be that people feel their own personal and ingroup values threatened in all cases, regardless of sharing political orientation with the leader or not. This would mean that the leader elicits a sense of being attacked to those likeminded, while more directly atacking those with opposing values. However, another possibility is that those that share a similar political orientation with the leader especifically perceive their democratic values under attack. This would imply that people share the general outlook of the leader but disagree on his methods. To provide an answer to these questions we will look at this more closely by measuring three types of value threat: threat to personal values, threat to democratic values and threat to social values. Aditionally, as we are mostly interested in the nuances of value threat for those in favour of the political leader, we modify the procedure so that the political orientation of participants and the leader will always match and its effects will be added in the models as a covariable. - Second, aside from replicating the interaction effect of the experimental condition and satisfaction with democracy on tolerance found in the previous Study, we also seek to add a measure that captures agreement with specific intolerant actions. Accordingly, we will include Voelkel's et al. (2023) scale of support for undemocratic practices.

see updated document attached

Here, we preregister our hypotheses and analysis plan for a multinational study on financial scarcity and perceived control.

To explain the ethnic paradox of mental health in aging, we evaluated whether Black and Latinx older adults experience (1) fewer depressive symptoms (DepSx), but more physical problems, and (2) greater psychological resilience as a result of life stressors than White older adults.DepSx, physical health, and recent stress were obtained biennially from 25,893 older adults (77% White, 15% Black, 9% Latinx) in the U.S. Health and Retirement Study, across 16 years. Psychological resilience, lifetime stress, and discrimination experiences were available for 13,655 individuals. We conducted mixed-effects and linear regression analyses.For Blacks and Latinxs, experiencing more-than-usual stress events was associated with less increase in DepSx compared to Whites, although on average Blacks and Latinxs experience more DepSx. Black adults showed worse physical health than White adults and weaker effects of stress on psychological resilience despite experiencing more stress of all types. Findings were mixed for Latinxs.Studying effects of time-varying stress on changes in health and multiple stressors on psychological resilience by race/ethnicity elucidates mechanisms for later-age health disparities.Cross-sectional evaluations of stress and psychological health in a clinical setting may provide incomplete appraisals of health risks for Black and Latinx older Americans.

Study of how attorney closing argument guidance influences mock-juror decisions following in-person deliberations.

An experimental study investigating the effect of explainable AI advice on peoples’ decision-making in an HR-related task

In the general population, the construct of race is associated with disparities in cognitive aging. There are notable racial group disparities and inequities among people living with schizophrenia (PLWSz). Despite the salience of the construct of race in schizophrenia, there remains a knowledge gap about racial disparities in cognitive impairment among older adults in this vulnerable population. Our study uses mediation analysis to examine racial disparities in cognitive impairment among older adults with schizophrenia.We assess global cognition in PLWSz over age 55 with the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia cognitive test battery in our "all-comer" sample (There was a Black/non-Black group racial disparity in global cognitive score (-2.8, 95% CI: -4.4, -1.3) after adjusting for confounding and interaction. This disparity was significantly mediated by years of education.There are notable racial disparities in cognitive impairment among older adults with schizophrenia; however, differences in cognitive scores between racial groups are mediated by level of education.Social determinants of health, particularly educational attainment, are important risk factors for cognitive impairment in PLWSz and should be considered by clinicians. Early screening and assessment of cognitive symptoms is essential to addressing health disparities/inequalities among older adults living with schizophrenia.Controlled Direct EffectsHIV: Human Immunodeficiency VirusMATRICS: Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in SchizophreniaMCCB: MATRICS Consensus Cognitive BatteryMTE: Marginal Total EffectsNDE: Natural Direct EffectsPANSS: Positive and Negative Symptom ScalePLWSz: People with schizophrenia.

The goal of the current research is to study the gender backlash effect from adolescents towards their adolescent peers. Several hypotheses in line with the backlash effect will be tested.

The experience of stress in daily life is associated with mental and physical health (Almeida, 2005). Stressors that are commonly experienced in daily life such as conflicts, workplace stress, and traffic issues contribute significantly to mental and physical health outcomes (Charles et al., 2013; Leger et al., 2015; Piazza et al., 2013). Some groups of individuals experience more daily stressors than others. Individuals who identify as sexual and gender minorities (SGM) report experiencing more stress than cisgender and heterosexual (CH) individuals. The years spent as undergraduate students typically involve high levels of stress, as young adults often navigate stressors including academic stressors, financial burdens, and relationship stressors (Hurst et al., 2012). Preliminary research during the COVID-19 pandemic indicates that disparities in stress and mental health have become more pronounced for undergraduate students with SGM identities (Hoyt et al., 2021). The primary aim of this study was to examine the daily stressors experienced by undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the association between the experience of daily stress and same-day negative mood, and whether these vary between undergraduate students with SGM identities and their CH counterparts. We will explore these topics with two sets of research questions: (1) Do the risks of experiencing specific types of daily stressors differ between SGM individuals and CH individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic? We will examine group differences on the likelihood of experiencing the following types of stressors: Argument, conflict, or disagreement; family or home stress; work or school stress; financial problem; traffic or transportation stress; health problem or accident; stressful event that happened to close friends or family; and any stressor. (2) Do SGM individuals experience greater reactivity to daily stressors in terms of same-day reports of negative mood compared to CH individuals?

People who are happy with their romantic relationships report that their partners are particularly effective at meeting their everyday relational needs. However, the literature invites competing predictions about how people arrive at those evaluations. In pilot research, we validated a scale of concrete, specific relationship behaviors that can be performed by a romantic partner day-to-day. In Study 1, cross-lagged panel models examined how expectations of positive behaviors, perceptions of positive behaviors, and relationship quality predict changes in one another from week to week. People who expected more positive behaviors in turn perceived more positive behaviors from their partners 1 week later. Key effects extended to negative relationship behaviors (Study 2). In Study 3, the same pattern emerged in a dyadic sample, with expected behaviors predicting changes in perceived behaviors independent of the partner's own reports. Truth and bias analyses revealed that people with lower expectations had more negatively biased perceptions of their partners' behaviors, whereas high expectations were associated with better accuracy. We obtained these results in the context of specific, verifiable behaviors reported on over relatively short periods, underscoring how powerfully people's everyday relationship perceptions may be shaped by their more global perceptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Appearance-related constructs underlying social media are negatively associated with mental health. However, their impact on the Spanish population is still unexplored. The present study aimed to validate the Spanish versions of two appearance-related scales: (1) the appearance-related social media consciousness (ASMC) scale; and (2) the critical thinking about media messages (CTMM) scale. Translation and cultural adaptation of the scales were carried out. The scales’ psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, measurement invariance across gender (boys vs. girls) and age groups (early adolescents vs. middle adolescents), internal consistency, and convergent validity. The sample included 803 Spanish secondary school adolescents aged between 12 and 18 (Mage = 15.1, 47.9% girls, 47.2% boys, 4.9% non-binary gender/others). The exploratory factor analyses replicated original one-factor structures of both scales, which was verified using confirmatory factor analysis. Regarding the ASMC Scale, a re-specified model (allowing for error correlations between Items 1–2) presented an adequate fit. Both models were invariant across gender and age groups. Excellent internal consistency was found. Bivariate correlations between the ASMC and eating disorders related variables (body esteem, disordered eating, self-esteem, sociocultural attitudes towards appearance, and general mental health) supported its convergent validity and proved ASMC to be a potential target for future preventive eating disorder interventions. However, the CTMM scale correlated only with sociocultural pressures, thus, further research is needed to assess the validity of the CTMM in Spanish samples