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This work was commissioned as per an open tender by Nottinghamshire County Council and was awarded to The University of Sheffield in 2022. The tender was titled: To undertake an evidence-based review and pathway mapping for mental health, counselling and therapy services for domestic abuse survivors.

The purpose of this research study was to understand Transplanted Appalachians’ perspectives of culturally relevant topics/texts and how these topics/texts aid in their reading comprehension. This culturally relevant study was framed using Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theory, Barton and Hamilton’s (1998) literacy as a social practice, and Rosenblatt’s (1994) transactional theory. Research participants included five transplanted Appalachian adults from the Central Appalachian Region. The research methods included one introductory interview, four think-alouds, four post think-aloud interviews, and four Cultural Relevance Rubrics. Results from the data sources revealed the participants strongly related to six cultural themes including: community, authentic Appalachian experiences (e.g., settings, characters, and experiences), disliking vulgar language (i.e., cussing), disliking alcohol (i.e., drinking alcohol), dignity of work/dedication to work, and personal independence. Interview data and Cultural Relevance Rubrics revealed participants viewed the cultural relevance of texts on a spectrum of less to more culturally relevant rather than a binary categorization of culturally relevant or non-culturally relevant. In addition, think-aloud data revealed research participants utilized more instances of strategic processing and monitored their comprehension more often when reading the non-culturally relevant texts than the culturally relevant texts. This may suggest that the participants were unfamiliar with the non-culturally relevant texts perhaps resulting in the increase of strategic processing and comprehension monitoring. Thus, the educational implications of this research recommend for practitioners of transplanted Appalachians that they implement the six cultural themes into their daily instruction as a method of contextualizing instruction. Further, practitioners may want to use topics/texts with these six cultural themes as these may assist in meaning making for transplanted Appalachians and should provide a relevant framework for teaching comprehension strategies. Additional research could examine how well transplanted Appalachians comprehend more culturally relevant topics/texts compared to less culturally relevant texts., © 2023 Kathryn E. H. Smith

Objective: To map the available scientific literature on the cognitive impairments caused by COVID-19 in individuals aged 18 years or older. Methods: A search of the literature published in English, Portuguese or Spanish held on the databases PubMed, PubMed PMC, BVS – BIREME, Embase, SCOPUS, Cochrane, Web of Science, Proquest, PsycInfo and EBSCOHOST will be carried out. Two authors will analyze the title, abstract and full texts for eligibility. PRISMA recommendations will be employed for data extraction from the studies reviewed, according to the following criteria: studies involving adults (age ≥18 years), male or female; literature reporting cognitive impairments after COVID-19 infection; studies conducted in a home-based care setting and rehabilitation clinics; cross-sectional, experimental or clinical, quantitative, longitudinal design studies, case studies/reports and reviews; studies published in English, Portuguese or Spanish. Results: The data extracted will be tabulated, together with a narrative summary.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_2167702620985198 for Affective Response to Binge Eating as a Predictor of Treatment Outcomes for Binge-Eating Disorder by Tyler B. Mason, Kathryn E. Smith, Lisa M. Anderson, Lauren M. Schaefer, Scott G. Engel, Scott J. Crow, Ross D. Crosby, Carol B. Peterson and Stephen A. Wonderlich in Clinical Psychological Science

Supplemental Material, sj-docx-1-cpa-10.1177_07067437211026485 for Psychiatric Comorbidity Associated with Eating Disorders in 9- to 10-year-old Children by Tyler B. Mason and Kathryn E. Smith in The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_2167702620985198 for Affective Response to Binge Eating as a Predictor of Treatment Outcomes for Binge-Eating Disorder by Tyler B. Mason, Kathryn E. Smith, Lisa M. Anderson, Lauren M. Schaefer, Scott G. Engel, Scott J. Crow, Ross D. Crosby, Carol B. Peterson and Stephen A. Wonderlich in Clinical Psychological Science

Emotion regulation theories suggest that affect intensity is crucial in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. However, other aspects of emotional experience, such as lability, differentiation, and inertia, are not as well understood. This study is the first to use ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine differences in several daily negative affect (NA) indicators among adults diagnosed with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), or binge eating disorder (BED). Using EMA data from three large studies, a series of linear mixed models showed that participants in the AN and BN groups experienced significantly greater NA intensity and better emotion differentiation than participants in the BED group. Alternatively, the BN group demonstrated significantly greater NA lability than the AN group and greater NA inertia than the BED group. These results suggest that several daily affective experiences differ among eating disorders diagnostic groups and have implications towards distinct conceptualizations and treatments.

ObjectiveThe present study aimed to determine whether the momentary severity of women's somatic symptoms was concurrently and prospectively associated with their engagement in binge eating in naturalistic settings.MethodThirty women (Mage = 34.13, SD = 13.92) who had engaged in binge eating at least once over the month prior to study entry completed a 14-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol. During each of the 14 days, participants received five semi-random surveys via text message that assessed momentary somatic symptom severity (i.e., headaches, stomachaches/pain, chest/heart pain, faintness/dizziness, shortness of breath, fatigue) and disordered eating behaviors. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine whether momentary somatic symptoms were concurrently and prospectively (i.e., by participants' next assessment) associated with the occurrence of binge eating behavior, while controlling for age and body mass index.ResultsAt the within-person level, more severe stomachaches/pain, faintness/dizziness, shortness of breath, and fatigue were concurrently associated with an increased likelihood of engaging in binge eating. Further, at the between-person level, more severe stomachaches/pain, chest/heart pain, shortness of breath, and fatigue in general were associated with binge eating across the EMA protocol. Momentary stomachache/pain severity also prospectively predicted women's engagement in binge eating behavior at the next assessment.ConclusionsThe present results provide initial evidence that multiple somatic symptoms may serve as momentary correlates or proximal antecedents of binge eating behavior in women's daily lives. Somatic symptoms may consequently prove useful to target in eating disorder treatments, perhaps via interoceptive exposure interventions.

Children’s early math skills are one of the strongest predictors of later academic success, yet many preschools dedicate relatively minimal time to fostering math skill development. Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to enter school with weaker math skills than peers and continue to lag behind more affluent peers throughout elementary and secondary school. The current study a) explored the amount of exposure to math content that children receive in preschool (both observed and teacher-reported), and b) examined children’s engagement with tasks, the quantity of exposure to math content, and the quality of instructional support as potential factors that may contribute to changes in children’s math performance across the preschool year. The sample consisted of 380 preschool children from primarily low-income families. Controlling for child characteristics (e.g., sex, age, race, SES) and classroom factors (e.g., teacher education, years of teaching experience), children’s engagement with tasks emerged as a strong predictor of positive changes in math performance across the preschool year. Independently, neither exposure to math content nor instructional support significantly predicted changes in children’s math performance. However, the pairing of high-quantity exposure to math content and high-quality instructional support was associated with significant positive changes in children’s math performance across the preschool year., Emerging Voices in Education, 2(1), p.373

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Graphical abstract, Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is a haem containing enzyme that regulates cardiovascular homeostasis and multiple mechanisms in the central and peripheral nervous system. Commonly used inhibitors of sGC activity act through oxidation of the haem moiety, however they also bind haemoglobin and this limits their bioavailability for in vivo studies. We have discovered a new class of small molecule inhibitors of sGC and have characterised a compound designated D12 (compound 10) which binds to the catalytic domain of the enzyme with a KD of 11 μM in a SPR assay.

This thesis is not available on this repository until the author agrees to make it public. If you are the author of this thesis and would like to make your work openly available, please contact us: thesis@repository.cam.ac.uk., The Library can supply a digital copy for private research purposes; interested parties should submit the request form here: http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/digital-content-unit/ordering-images, Please note that print copies of theses may be available for consultation in the Cambridge University Library's Manuscript reading room. Admission details are at http://www.lib.cam.ac.uk/collections/departments/manuscripts-university-archives, This thesis examines the way in which the doctrine of legitimate or reasonable expectations has developed in the common law of England and Australia. The examination aims to show the role of expectations in the modern re-balancing of interests between the citizen and the Crown or government. The concept of expectations is examined both as it has developed into a doctrine in its own right, and as a theme which is shaping the development of other existing doctrines. i A preoccupation throughout the thesis is the way in which expectations are causing heightened standards of conduct from both the Crown or government when dealing with individual citizens, and from individual citizens dealing inter se. The traditional operation of many legal doctrines which have applied preferentially in favour of the Crown or government is examined. This tradition is exemplified in a limited way by the law relating to claims against the government, the principle of immunity of the Crown from statute, the law of estoppel and the law of restitution. Examination of the progressive reduction of such preferences exposes the significant role of the expectations concept in the re-balancing of the citizen-State relationship. The particular role and meaning of the "Crown", the "government" and the "administration" is central to the understanding of the preferential operation of certain doctrines. Consideration is given to the historic and current meaning of these institutions, their responsibilities and their relationship with the individual citizen. This examination helps to determine whether the role of such institutions has so changed as to justify the development of doctrines to accommodate new expectations. The development of the concept of expectations is examined in both public (or administrative) law and private law. In each sphere, the concept has developed differently, and distinct differences also emerge in the development of the concept by the English and Australian judiciary. These differences reveal important perceptions about the role of the courts in regulating governmental action, the capacity of the courts to develop new or existing legal principles, and the recognition changed expectations of individual citizens will be given in legal doctrine. In public law, the concept of expectations has developed into a distinct legal doctrine. The scope of the doctrine is examined, in particular whether it enables a substantive or merely procedural remedy to be granted where a person's expectation is disappointed. Barriers to the expansion of the scope of the doctrine are critically examined, and a solution proposed to enable the expansion of the doctrine without offence to the prineiples restricting such expansion. Additional issues of locus standi and the bodies subject to the doctrine oflegitimate expectations are reviewed, as well as the scope of the doctrine in European Community law. In private law, the concept of expectations is not an independent doctrine. It nevertheless discloses a powerful capacity to shape the development of existing doctrines so that they protect modern expectations. Unlike expectations in public law, private law doctrines can substantively protect legitimate or reasonable expectations. Consideration is given to the way in which developments in private law can or should influence developments in public law, so that the doctrine of legitimate expectations develops coherently and uniformly. Structure is given to expectations in private law by isolating the main usages of the concept. The usages of the concept are exemplifed by consideration of expectations in the law of contract, tort and equity. Use of the concept of expectations by the judiciary to expand the scope of existing doctrines and to develop new doctrines raises the question of the proper role of the judiciary in the review of governmental action. The propriety of judicial concern with governmental action and judicial law-making are considered. Other means of protecting expectations are examined, including constitutional guarantees, the Rule of Law, the theory of ministerial responsibility and fundamental principles of right and reason. . The close alignment of the expectations concept with the recent resurgence in legal reasoning of the language of morality is examined. Consideration of the place of the terminology of morality in the shaping of the law reveals a notable judicial development of the concept of the Crown or government as moral exemplar. This, combined with the expectations concept has carved out a large role for the place of legitimate or reasonable expectations in the law of England and Australia.

2,4-Dianilino pyrimidines are well-known inhibitors of tyrosine kinases including lymphocyte specific kinase (Lck). Structure-activity relationships at the 4-position are discussed and rationalised. Examples bearing a 2-methyl-5-hydroxyaniline substituent at the 4-position were especially potent but showed poor oral pharmacokinetics. Replacement of this substituent by 4-amino(5-methyl-1H-indazole) yielded compounds with comparable enzyme potency and improved pharmacokinetic properties.

The synthesis and SAR of a novel series of IKK2 inhibitors are described. Modification around the hinge binding region of the 7-azaindole led to a series of potent and selective inhibitors with good cellular activity.

Discounting the distant future has periodically been a controversial topic in welfare economics but the evaluation of climate change policy and particularly the Stern Review have given the debate a new relevance. The parameters in a standard social welfare function that determine the path for the discount rate are also important in determining the time path of saving, and several prominent economists have criticised the values used in the Review specifically because they imply excessively high optimal saving rates, from either a positive or normative perspective. The fact that near-zero rates of pure time preference do not necessarily lead to absurdly high saving rates has been known for some time. However, in the context of climate change policy, this point has been made using inappropriate models or specific numerical examples with a rather arbitrary value for the rate of growth of total factor productivity (TFP). Given the attention that the ‘unreasonable saving rates’ debate has received in the climate change literature, there is a role for a rigorous presentation of the determinants of saving rates in models used to evaluate climate change policy, using values for TFP growth informed by recent historical experience. I show that both in theory and practice, optimal saving rates in the presence of near-zero pure time preference are far from the near-100 per cent ones obtained from simpler models. In the widely used Dynamic Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (DICE) model, optimal rates are close to 30 per cent for a range of values of the elasticity of marginal utility of consumption, and for Stern’s revised central value for that parameter they do not exceed 31 per cent. While the role of TFP growth in lowering optimal saving rates in the presence of near-zero rates of pure time preference may have been overplayed in some previous work, TFP growth is a key determinant of output and hence emissions and climate damage, so working with realistic values of TFP growth remains crucial.

The biphenyl amides (BPAs) are a series of p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitors. Compounds are able to bind to the kinase in either the DFG-in or DFG-out conformation, depending on substituents. X-ray, binding, kinetic and cellular data are shown, providing the most detailed comparison to date between potent compounds from the same chemical series that bind to different p38alpha conformations. DFG-out-binding compounds could be made more potent than DFG-in-binding compounds by increasing their size. Unexpectedly, compounds that bound to the DGF-out conformation showed diminished selectivity. The kinetics of binding to the isolated enzyme and the effects of compounds on cells were largely unaffected by the kinase conformation bound.

The biphenyl amides (BPAs) are a novel series of p38alpha MAP kinase inhibitor. The optimisation of the series to give compounds that are potent in an in vivo disease model is discussed. SAR is presented and rationalised with reference to the crystallographic binding mode.

The biphenyl amides are a novel series of p38 MAP kinase inhibitors. Structure–activity relationships of the series against p38α are discussed with reference to the X-ray crystal structure of an example. The series was optimised rapidly to a compound showing oral activity in an in vivo disease model.

Electronic supplementary information including additional methodology, model parameters, carbonate chemistry, and raw and analysed data for the study.

Electronic supplementary information including additional methodology, model parameters, carbonate chemistry, and raw and analysed data for the study.