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Background: Physical activity is one of the important factors affecting glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). During COVID-19 pandemic the government imposed restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID and physical activity of children was curtailed. We assessed the physical activity during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions (from September 2020 to September 2021) and its association with their glycemic control. Methods: 48 children with T1DM receiving treatment in paediatric endocrinology outpatient department (OPD), AIIMS, New Delhi were enrolled. Socio-clinical data were collected using pre-validated and tested self-structured tool, physical activity was assessed using global physical activity questionnaire and glycemic control was assessed by glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) and compared to baseline level before the onset of pandemic. Results: Among 48 children (11.2±3.7 years, 25 M: 23 F), 79.2% fulfilled the 60 minutes’ requirement of physical activity/day. Moderate negative correlation was found in recommended physical activity duration and HbA1c during COVID-19 pandemic. However, there was a significant increase in the HbA1C level from 7.6±1.5 to 8.5±1.8 during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: There was a moderate negative correlation between duration of physical activity and HbA1c of children. In spite of restrictions imposed by the government, children who were physically active were able to maintain good glycemic control. Although there was significant increase in the mean HbA1c of children during COVID-19 pandemic but the percentage of hyperglycemic events was significantly lower among the children who had walked/rode bicycle for going from one place to another and who had more rooms to play at home had good glycemic control.

COVID -19, a global pandemic, has dominated every person’s life worldwide. The clinical presentation of COVID-19 ranges from asymptomatic, mild symptomatic to fulminant and fatal cases, having consequences for many organ systems. In a cross-sectional study, 128 healthcare workers of a tertiary care medical college hospital, 4 weeks following the COVID infection agreed to participate in the study. Self-developed subject data sheet and the self-reporting symptoms tool based on the WHO case report form were used for data collection. A significant number of health care workers (HCWs) had long COVID symptomatology in terms of constitutional, muscular-skeletal, respiratory, otolaryngology, and CNS symptoms. The commonly experienced symptoms were myalgia (45.3%), malaise (39%), fatigue and tiredness (69.5%), loss of taste (21.1%), loss of smell (20.3%) and night sweats (11.7%), lack of sleep (20.3%), and anxiety (12.5%). The cardiovascular and integumentary were the less affected organ systems. About one-third of the HCWs reported that symptoms like myalgia, malaise and tiredness got worse after physical activity (29.7%). Aggravation of symptoms with any form of mental activity was reported in 11.7% of the study participants. One in every ten HCWs (12.5%) had reported not being able to perform daily activities that they were doing before getting COVID-19 infection. However, all resumed their job after the recovery. Long COVID symptoms were reported by a significant number of HCWs, necessitating the need for the establishment of follow-up clinics for the care of healthcare workers.

Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patient is challenging for the healthcare providers (HCP). COVID-19 cases have specific CPR requirements, which differ from standard resuscitation efforts.This paper aims to evaluate whether online learning can be an effective methodology for imparting information on the management of cardiopulmonary arrest in COVID-19 patients due to a novel virus unknown to HCP based on evaluation of knowledge acquisition and satisfaction of the nurses in the new area of medicine and virology.In a single-arm, one group before and after design, from a cohort of 160 nurses trained in comprehensive cardiac life support (CCLS) formulated by the Indian Resuscitation Council (IRC), 73 nurses participated in the study. After obtaining informed consent through the email from the nurses, baseline data including demographic profile and knowledge related to CPR in COVID-19 patients were collected. An online intervention spread over 1 week was given using a validated e-learning module. The online intervention was found to be effective (pre- and post-intervention knowledge score 13.65 ± 3.01 vs 19.92 ± 1.94,A well-structured, online study material can be used in imparting knowledge and demonstrating the basic and essential skills to nurses, required for giving CPR to COVID-19 patients.Joshi P, Das S, Thomas M, Mawar S, Garg R, Shariff A

Carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as efficient optical probes. However, their application potential for clinical diagnosis has not been adequately explored. Herein, we examined the suitability of pyroglutamate CDs for detecting glucose, cholesterol, and alcohol in blood serum through their peroxidative activity in the respective enzyme-catalyzed reactions following fluorometric and colorimetric approaches. In buffer, the CD's fluorescence intensity (λ

Background Insecticide resistance in malaria vectors can be spatially highly heterogeneous, yet population structure analyses frequently find relatively high levels of gene flow among mosquito populations. Few studies have contemporaneously assessed phenotypic, genotypic and population structure analysis on mosquito populations and none at fine geographical scales. In this study, genetic diversity, population structure, and insecticide resistance profiles of Anopheles funestus and Anopheles arabiensis were examined across mosquito populations from and within neighbouring villages. Methods Mosquitoes were collected from 11 towns in southern Mozambique, as well as from different neighbourhoods within the town of Palmeira, during the peak malaria transmission season in 2016. CDC bottle bioassay and PCR assays were performed with Anopheles mosquitoes at each site to determine phenotypic and molecular insecticide resistance profiles, respectively. Microsatellite analysis was conducted on a subsample of mosquitoes to estimate genetic diversity and population structure. Results Phenotypic insecticide resistance to deltamethrin was observed in An. funestus sensu stricto (s.s.) throughout the area, though a high level of mortality variation was seen. However, 98% of An. funestus s.s. were CYP6P9a homozygous resistant. An. arabiensis was phenotypically susceptible to deltamethrin and 99% were kdr homozygous susceptible. Both Anopheles species exhibited high allelic richness and heterozygosity. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were observed, and high linkage disequilibrium was seen for An. funestus s.s., supporting population subdivision. However, the FST values were low for both anophelines (− 0.00457 to 0.04213), Nm values were high (9.4–71.8 migrants per generation), AMOVA results showed almost 100% genetic variation among and within individuals, and Structure analysis showed no clustering of An. funestus s.s. and An. arabiensis populations. These results suggest high gene flow among mosquito populations. Conclusion Despite a relatively high level of phenotypic variation in the An. funestus population, molecular analysis shows the population is admixed. These data indicate that CYP6P9a resistance markers do not capture all phenotypic variation in the area, but also that resistance genes of high impact are likely to easily spread in the area. Conversely, other strategies, such as transgenic mosquito release programmes will likely not face challenges in this locality.

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an evolving disease with newly generated evidence related to the clinical management of Covid-19 patients. We aimed to compare two online learning schedules for disseminating new cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines in terms of knowledge gain and acceptability among nurses. Methods In a prospective randomized controlled study, 61 nurses trained in comprehensive cardiopulmonary life support (CCLS) were randomized to synchronous (n=31) and asynchronous learning groups (n= 30). The enhanced training module on CPR (ETMCPR) prepared by a team of experts was used to impart training to the nurses. Baseline data and pre-intervention knowledge of participants were collected using a structured demographic sheet and knowledge questionnaire (25 items) in a google form. Nurses in the synchronous group were provided training using ETMCPR through a licensed Zoom platform, while the nurses in the asynchronous group had access to the uploaded ETMCPR module in the e-learning platform. At the end of the intervention, the knowledge of the nurses was assessed along with their acceptability to the online learning schedule. Results Both schedules of online learning were effective in improving the knowledge scores of the nurses (11.93 [3.26] v. 21.15 [1.90], p=0.01 and 11.71 [3.12] v. 20.32 [1.71], p=0.01). The mean acceptability scores of nurses in the asynchronous group were statistically lower than in the synchronous group (38.93 [2.50] v. 42.5 [3.08], p=0.007). Conclusion Both synchronous and asynchronous schedules of online learning were effective in disseminating updated CPR guidelines; however, nurses in the synchronous group were more satisfied with the learning schedule.

Aims and Objectives: Out of hospital cardiac arrest claims a large number of lives every year across the world and about 90% of them die. Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR if done on time improves the chances of survival. Teaching laypersons to perform CPR is a challenge. Hence, the researcher undertook this study to assess the efcacy of hands-on training and video-assisted training in teaching Compression only support (COLS) among laypeople. The quasi-experimental study included 180 subjects who wereMaterial and Methods: purposively enrolled in video-assisted groups and hands-on training groups. Non-medical study subjects between the age group of 19 to 65years and were included in the study and the baseline knowledge and skill was assessed self-developed COLS knowledge questionnaire and COLS skill checklist. Following this, the interventions were given to the hands-on group and video-assisted group and immediate post-test knowledge, skill and attitude related to COLS training were assessed. One month after the intervention retention of knowledge, and skill was assessed in both the groups. Demographic characteristics in both groups were similar. The post-test mean knowledge score and skill score in the hands-onResults: group (20.68±3.08, 44.04±1.59) were signicantly higher when compared with the video-assisted group (16.52±5.07, 41.84±1.72) at p-value

The current management of COVID-19 is mostly limited to general supportive care and symptomatic treatment. Ivermectin is a broad-spectrum anti-parasitic drug used widely for the treatment of onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis. Apart from its anti-parasitic effect it also exhibits antiviral activity against a number of viruses both in vitro and in vivo. Hence, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the currently available data on the therapeutic potential of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID‐19 as add on therapy. A total of 629 patients were included in the 4 studies and all were COVID-19 RT-PCR positive. Among them, 397 patients received ivermectin along with usual therapy. The random effect model showed the overall pooled OR to be 0.53 (95%CI: 0.29 to0.96) for the primary outcome (all-cause mortality) which was statistically significant (P=0.04). Similarly, the random effect model revealed that adding ivermectin led to significant clinical improvement compared to usual therapy (OR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.11 to 3.53, P=0.02). However, this should be inferred cautiously as the quality of evidence is very low. Currently, many clinical trials are on-going, and definitive evidence for repurposing this drug for COVID-19 patients will emerge only in the future.

The occurrence of coverage-hole (CH) in a wireless sensor network degrades the performance of the network in terms of data transmission. Therefore, after the detection of CH, hole-patching is the next important task in order to reduce the energy consumption and to improve the network lifetime. In this paper, we propose an improved coverage-hole patching technique (CHPT) based on the concept of center of tree. The prerequisite to hole-patching is the hole-detection, which is done based on Delaunay Triangle and empty circle property. Subsequently, using the Inner empty circle property, the hole-area is estimated. And finally, CHPT is used to determine the hole-boundary and formulate the sub-trees for identifying the patch-positions to be covered by deploying additional sensor nodes. Experimental results show that the average percentage of coverage in CHPT increases up to 98.6% in terms of additional sensors and with a given sensing radius.

Though systemic corticosteroid is used for treatment of COVID 19, questions regarding the appropriate dose, duration and type of corticosteroid use still remain unanswered. This study aimed to address, whether choice of systemic corticosteroid significantly influences the clinical outcome of COVID 19 patients.Studies reporting the comparison between clinical outcome of dexamethasone and methylprednisolone in treatment of COVID 19 were searched from inception till April, 2021. Random-effect model was used. Odd's ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval was expressed. I2 statistics used for test of heterogeneity.Three studies with 373 patients (160 in dexamethasone group and 213 in methyl prednisolone group) were included. Though, statistically significant reduction in all-cause mortality with methyl prednisolone group in comparison to dexamethasone group (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.01, P=0.02) estimated, sub group analysis of observational studies did not support the finding (OR=1.60, 95% CI: 0.88 to 2.92, P=0.12). No significant difference in terms of need for invasive ventilator or intensive care unit (ICU) between the 2 groups. The grade of evidence was very low for both the outcomes. Conclusion and Relevance: In the present context, both dexamethasone and methyl prednisolone are equally effective in the management of COVID 19.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) detection techniques is a biometric modality that deserves systematic review and analysis of the connected algorithms for further improvement. The ophthalmologist uses retinal fundus images for the early detection of DR by segmenting the images. There are several segmentation algorithms reported as earlier. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of the methodology associated with retinal blood vessel extraction presented to date. The vessel segmentation techniques are divided into four main categories depending on their underlying methodology as pattern recognition, vessel tracking, model based, and hybrid approaches. A few of these methods are further classified into subsections. Finally, a comparative analysis of a few of the DR detection techniques will be presented here based on their merits, demerits, and other parameters like sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and provide detailed information about its significance, present status, limitations, and future scope.

Background: Bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow trephine biopsy are the two procedures done for the diagnosis of both hematological and non-hematological disorders and are complimentary to each other. To studyAim and Objective: the essential haematological evaluation of cases where bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy is indicated and to correlate the ndings of bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy in diagnosing various haematological disorders. The study wasMaterial and Methods: done on 86 patients in the age group 10-80 years. All had undergone simultaneous bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy procedures in the department of Clinical Haematology in a tertiary hospital. Standard methods were followed for bone marrow aspiration and biopsy procedure and for staining and evaluation of cellular aspirate. The Male to Female ratio of 1.4:1; 60% of patients belonged to 20-Observation & Results: 60years group. Bone marrow and aspiration yield high diagnostic evaluation in megaloblastic anaemia (89.47%) against aspirates (10.52%) with p value of 0.00086 while in aplastc anaemia the aspirate evaluation shows better diagnostic yield (p value of 0.285). A combinationConclusion: of bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy give a better morphology of the cells and with good picture of the architecture and pattern of distribution of the cells. There is high diagnostic yield in evaluation of anemia.

The New Mexico Department of Health (NMDOH) conducted a matched case-control study to compare 315 persons (cases) with and 945 persons (controls) without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) secondary detection (ie, positive SARS-CoV-2 test ≥90 days after first detection as of December 10, 2020). Compared with controls, cases had greater odds of higher SARS-CoV-2 testing frequency (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.2), being female (aOR = 1.6), being non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native (aOR = 2.3), having diabetes mellitus (aOR = 1.8), and residing and/or working in detention and/or correctional facilities (aOR = 4.7). Diagnostic tools evaluating infectiousness at secondary detection are urgently needed to inform infection control practices., Individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 ≥90 days after first detection received tests more frequently and were more often female, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native, diabetic, and associated with detention/correctional facilities compared with individuals without a positive test ≥90 days after first detection.

Background and objectives Although gaming disorder is increasingly recognized, there has been limited consideration of the impact of free-to-play games with in-game purchases, also called microtransactions. Methods Case report (n = 1). Results A patient with posttraumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder in remission, polysubstance use disorders in remission, and opioid use disorder on buprenorphine/naloxone developed gaming disorder (based on International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision) and spent up to 40% of his monthly income on microtransactions within a smartphone game. Treatment consisted of relinquishing access to electronic payment mechanisms, motivational interviewing, and couples therapy. Discussion and conclusions The case highlights how in-game purchases may cause patients with gaming disorder to experience financial consequences, and the need for further characterization of the clinical ramifications of microtransactions. Scientific significance To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the medical literature of a patient with gaming disorder developing excessive in-game spending from expenditures on microtransactions. (Am J Addict 2020;29:528-530).

The Heisenberg's scientific theory of quantum science since its beginning has been proved to be instrumental in unlocking varied vital quantum phenomena. In what follows the Heisenberg's scientific theory has been used to derive the expressions for the gate capacitance in Quantum MOSFET Devices manufactured from completely different technologically vital nonstandard materials by formulating the 2D electron statistics under very low temperature so that the Fermi function tends to unity. For numerical computations we take Cd3As2, the best quality very high mobility semiconductor and non-linear optical (e.g., CdGeAs2) compounds from which quantum MOSFET devices are made of by using all types of anisotropies of band structures in addition to splitting of bands due to large fields of the crystals inside the frame work of Kane's matrix methodology that successively generates new two dimensional electron energy versus wave vector relation for both low and very large externally applied electric field of force respectively. Under many special conditions, the corresponding statistics and therefore the gate capacitance for the quantum MOSFETs, whose e–ks equation (e is carrier energy and ks is the 2D wave vector) are defined by various models of III–V semiconducting samples originally derived by Kane create special cases of our extended formalism. It's been found taking quantum MOSFETs of CdGeAs2, InAs, InSb, Hg1–xCdxTe and In1–xGaxAs yP1–y lattice matched to InP that the gate capacitance at the electrical quantum limit will exhibit monotonic increasing function with changing field at the surface, the applied voltage at the gate for each of the compounds and therefore the actual results have one to one correspondence with the energy band constants showing an inclination of asymptotic results at comparatively large values of the independent variables for all the cases. The gradient rates for all curves change from one material to a different material. With decreasing alloy composition, the gate capacitance will increase for each of quantum confined MOSFETs made of various alloy compounds. For the aim of coherent presentation we've got conjointly planned the periodical Fermi energy at high field of force limits and gate voltage for few quantum confined MOSFETs.

AIM: Patients are asking health care providers about e-cigarettes, vaping, and other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS). Provider advice on ENDS has varied greatly, suggesting a need for evidence-based continuing medical education (CME). SETTING: A novel free online CME course was developed on ENDS risks and benefits, product types (e.g., vape pens, pods), and screening and counseling best practices for adults, adolescents, and different smoker profiles (e.g., daily, social). PARTICIPANTS: From January 2017 through June 2018, 1061 individuals accessed the course: 46% physicians, 7% physician assistants, 7% nurse practitioners, 15% nurses, 4% pharmacists, and 28% allied health/student/other; 41% were international. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: The course was built from observed online patient-provider interactions. Through video role-plays, expert interviews, and interactive activities, the course engaged learners in the evidence on ENDS. Completers earned 1.5 CME units. PROGRAM EVALUATION: A total of 555 health care providers earned 832.5 CME units. Pre- to post-test scores significantly increased from 57 to 90%; 76% rated the course as above average (41%) or outstanding (35%); 99% indicated the course was free of commercial bias. DISCUSSION: Addressing the growing need for balanced provider education on ENDS, this interactive online CME engaged learners and increased knowledge on devices and evidence-based cessation approaches.

Being happy in life is very essential to be healthy, which is important for nursing students to grow and adapt well in their professional life.The aim of this study is to assess the level of happiness and identify the determinants of happiness among nursing students.Three hundred and forty-two undergraduate nursing students College of Nursing, All India Institutes of Medicals Sciences, New Delhi, India, enrolled in the study by convenience sampling. Data were collected through demographic information sheets and oxford happiness questionnaires. Frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square test, and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the data.The mean happiness score of nursing students was 3.96 ± 0.59 on a scale of 6. The percentage distribution showed that 43.2% of the students responded "not particularly happy," and 42.1% were "rather happy." The current year of study, the number of close friends, stress experienced in the past 6 months, and engagement in physical activities contributed 53% of the variance in the happiness score of nursing students (Nursing students had a moderate level of happiness. The study suggests that there is a need to develop strategies to enhance happiness among nursing students in alignment with the identified factors. Educators need to develop a holistic curriculum giving equal importance to academic competencies and personal flourishment.

Many anti-inflammatory drugs like, tocilizumab, N-acetylcystiene and etolizumab has been repurposed for the management of COVID-19 with variable success. Colchicine exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by tubulin disruption and inhibition of leucocyte-mediated inflammatory activities like production of superoxide and release of various cytokines which are central to the pathophysiology of COVID-19. So, this systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the currently available data on the use of colchicine for the treatment of COVIDLJ19. A total of 3 studies (2 RCTS and 1 observational study) including 402 patients were included out of which 194 patients received colchicine. The random effect model showed the overall pooled OR to be 0.32 (95%CI: 0.18 to 0.56) for the primary outcome (Clinical deterioration) which was statistically significant (p

Este artículo se encuentra disponible en la siguiente URL: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1098612X211028834 En este artículo de investigación también participan: Elvin Kulendra, Hannah Clarke, Jessica McCarthy, Nuria Fernandez-Salesa, Sorrel Langley-Hobbs, Josep Aisa, Timothy Parkin, Elena S. Addison. Objectives The aim of the study was to describe traumatic stifle injury in cats and report complications and longterm outcome. Methods The medical records from seven veterinary hospitals of cats treated for traumatic stifle injury were reviewed. Long-term follow-up data were collected from referring veterinarians and using the Feline Musculoskeletal Pain Index, collected from owners. Results Seventy-two cats were included in the study. The most common combination of ligament injury involved both cruciate ligaments and the lateral collateral ligament (25.4%). Medial meniscal injury was more common (66.2%) than lateral meniscal injury (59.4%). A temporary transarticular pin was used intraoperatively to aid reduction in 23/73 (31.5%) surgeries. Postoperative immobilisation was applied in 41/72 (56.9%) cats with a mean duration of 4.8 weeks. Short-term complications occurred in 40/64 (62.5%) cats. Long-term complications occurred in seven (17.5%) cats. Overall outcome was excellent in 25/61 (41%) cats, good in 13/61 (21.3%) cats, fair in 11/61 (18%) cats and poor in 12/61 (19.7%) cats. Mean length of follow-up was 29.6 months (range 0.5–204). A significantly poorer outcome was observed in cats with medial meniscal injury and those undergoing revision surgery. Use of a transarticular pin when left in situ for postoperative immobilisation was associated with a poorer outcome (P = 0.043) and a higher risk of complications (P = 0.018). Postoperative immobilisation was not related to outcome. Conclusions and relevance Traumatic stifle injury in cats can lead to rupture of multiple ligaments causing significant instability of the joint. Surgical treatment is associated with a high rate of short-term complications, although longterm outcome may still be good to excellent in the majority of cats (62.3%). In cats where follow-up was available, postoperative immobilisation had no positive effect on outcome and may not be required. Leaving a transarticular pin for postoperative immobilisation is not recommended as it was significantly associated with a poorer outcome and a higher complication rate.

Though Convalescent plasma therapy (CPT) is being used for management of COVID-19, the evidence is still equivocal. So, we carried out this study to evaluate the currently available data to provide evidence about CPT in COVD-19 patients. RCTs and observational studies with sample size with more than 5 were included in the analysis. Out of 196 studies, 12 studies were selected for systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out for 6 studies having a control arm. For dichotomous values, risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval was expressed.All-cause mortality, clinical improvement by day 7 and viral detection by day 7 were the defined outcome measures before starting of data extraction.For 6 studies (2 RCTs and 4 observational studies) with 474 patients, the overall pooled RR for all-cause mortality was 0.61 (95%CI: 0.37 to 0.99. P= 0.04). Only RCTs and only observational studies for all-cause mortality showed pooled RR of 0.60 (95% CI: 0.33 to 1.10, P=0.10) and 0.48 (95% CI: 0.17 to 1.36, P= 0.17) respectively. There was risk of bias in the studies due to randomization process and confounding. Sensitivity analysis was carried out only for observational studies. The overall pooled RR for clinical improvement by day 7 and viral detection by day 7 were 1.12 (95%CI: 0.96 to 1.31, P=0.16) and 0.19 (95%CI: 0.09 to 0.60, P0.0001).Though the review suggests modest utility of CPT in reducing all-cause mortality, improving clinical outcome, and early viral clearance, it should be interpreted cautiously.

The natural protein-based enzymes, despite their various advantages, possess some drawbacks that impede their commercial applications. These led to the introduction of artificial enzymes. Over the last few decades, different nanomaterials have been included in the list of artificial enzymes. With their high stability and low cost, nanomaterial-based artificial enzymes are emerging as potential candidates for enzyme mimics. So far, nanozymes have been mostly found to possess oxidase-like, peroxidase-like, catalase-like, and superoxide dismutase-like activity. These nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity have been explored for developing various processes and products in different fields. However, some challenges need to be addressed for improving the catalytic activity of the nanozymes for their practical applications.

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is the collection of tiny sensor nodes, competent of transmitting data throughout the Region of Interest (RoI) and is very essential in surveillance-related applications. The most essential quality of WSN is coverage which can be at a stake due to the occurrence of coverage-hole in the RoI. In this paper, coverage-hole is identified based on the concept of Delaunay Triangulation (DT) and Empty Circle (EC) property. Then hole-area is estimated using Inner Empty Circle (IEC) property which is an improvement of Empty Circle (EC) property. Mathematical proofs and simulation results show that the IEC method is much accurate in comparison to traditional EC method in hole-identification in terms of number of coverage-holes, hole-area estimation, and hole-discovery time. Also the identification of coverage-hole concerning the size of sensing radius, size of RoI and no. of sensor nodes is promising.

Introduction Individuals with substance use disorders and/or mental health (MH) conditions have higher rates of cigarette smoking than the general population. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) while gaining popularity pose health risks. Herein we investigate risk perceptions and attitudes toward e-cigarettes in military Veterans with MH conditions. Materials and Methods Participants included U.S. Veterans receiving services from Veterans Administration MH/substance use disorder clinics in the San Francisco Bay Area (N = 98; 95% male, 44% White, 34% Black/African American), who completed a survey on smoking and health. Results compare attitudes and perceptions regarding e-cigarette use between ever and never e-cigarette users. The study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board at both the Veterans Administration and University. Results Most respondents reported being current/past cigarette smokers (91%) and over a third reported having ever used an e-cigarette (38%). Most believed that e-cigarettes are not safe, are potentially dangerous, are potentially addictive if they use every day and are tempting and appealing to youth. Fifty-one percent of ever-users agreed with a statement that e-cigarettes can help people quit smoking regular cigarettes completely, and there was a significant difference in this belief when comparing them with never-users (23% agreed); χ2 = 9.259, P = 0.010. Conclusions Proportion of e-cigarette use in this Veteran sample is greater than the general population. We observed high risk perception about e-cigarettes among all respondents and differences in perceived helpfulness of e-cigarettes for quitting in ever-users versus never-users in this sample. More consistent assessment of tobacco use among Veterans, with inclusion of ENDS use, would help inform prevention and treatment priorities, especially as information on health impacts of ENDS surfaces.

The study aimed to assess the male nurses’ attitude as a nursing professional, and attitude of female colleagues towards male nurses. A cross sectional survey of Nurses (including both male and female nurses) was done in a 1500-bedded teaching hospital in North India. Male and female nurses who have at least 2 years of working experience in nursing were recruited. The total participants were 69 male nurses selected by simple random sampling and 132 female nurses selected by convenience sampling. A self-developed 5-point Likert scale was used to assess attitude of male nurses towards nursing profession, which had 16 items and 12 items for the female nurses’ attitude towards male nurses. The attitude towards nursing was overwhelmingly positive with 70 percent (male nurses) and 67.4 percent (female nurses working with male colleague) of them having “positive” attitude, 25 percent (male nurses) and 22.7 percent (female nurses working with male colleague) having “very positive” attitude. None of them had a negative attitude towards the profession. Chi square test showed no significant association. To conclude, male nurses are comfortable in the profession and have a healthy attitude towards their profession. Majority of the female nurse colleagues were comfortable working with the male nurses and most of them believed that men in nursing have brought a positive change in the profession.

Wireless sensor nodes are extremely useful in different security and surveillance related applications which may be compromised with the existence of coverage-holes. Coverage-hole is the area in a wireless sensor network (WSN) where sensing or transmitting of data is not achievable and therefore, detecting such region is a prominent research topic in WSN. Subsequent to hole-detection, another significant task is to detect the boundary nodesoutlining the coverage-holes. In this paper, we have gone through different research articles describing the various boundary-detection techniques those have been recommended to facilitate hole-detection inside the sensor network. On the basis of the literature review, we have done categorization of the boundary-detection methods, their characteristics, pros & cons and their effect on sensor network’s performance for better understanding and future reference.

Carbon dots (CDs) have emerged as efficient peroxidase mimics in recent years. However, to further increase its efficiency as peroxidase-mimic, it is also desirable to understand the modification of CD’s geometry during the catalytic reaction. Herein, we focused on the change in material property of the CDs upon their reaction with H2O2 during the peroxidase reaction. D-(+)-glucose was transformed into chiroptical CDs bearing peroxidase-like activity and can be used to detect H2O2 with a limit of detection of 630 μM. The addition of H2O2 to the CDs resulted in its increased molecular orderliness leading to the introduction of polycrystallinity without affecting its peroxidase-like activity.

Tobacco use remains a global problem, and options for consumers have increased with the development and marketing of e-cigarettes and other new nicotine and tobacco products, such as "heat-not-burn" tobacco and dissolvable tobacco. The increased access to these new products is juxtaposed with expanding public health and clinical intervention options, including mobile technologies and social media. The persistent high rate of tobacco-use disorders among those with psychiatric disorders has gathered increased global attention, including successful approaches to individual treatment and organizational-level interventions. Best outcomes occur when medications are integrated with behavioral therapies and community-based interventions. Addressing tobacco in mental health settings requires training and technical assistance to remove old cultural barriers that restricted interventions. There is still "low-hanging fruit" to be gained in educating on the proper use of nicotine replacement medications, how smoking cessation can change blood levels of specific medications and caffeine, and how to connect with quitlines and mobile technology options. Future innovations are likely to be related to pharmacogenomics and new technologies that are human-, home-, and community-facing.El uso de tabaco sigue siendo un problema mundial, y las opciones para los consumidores han aumentado con el desarrollo y comercialización de cigarrillos electrónicos y otros nuevos productos de la nicotina y del tabaco, como el tabaco que “calienta pero no quema” y el tabaco soluble. El aumento del acceso a estos nuevos productos está yuxtapuesto con el desarrollo de la salud pública y de las opciones de intervenciones clínicas, incluyendo las tecnologías móviles y los medios de comunicación social. El persistente aumento en la frecuencia de los trastornos por uso de tabaco entre los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos ha atraído una mayor atención mundial, incluyendo intervenciones exitosas a nivel de los tratamientos individuales y en las organizaciones. Los mejores resultados se obtienen cuando se combinan medicamentos con terapias conductuales e intervenciones a nivel de la comunidad. El tratamiento del tabaquismo en los ambientes de salud mental requiere entrenamiento y asistencia técnica para remover las antiguas barreras culturales que restringen las intervenciones. Todavía hay posibilidades fáciles para enseñar la utilización correcta de medicamentos que reemplacen a la nicotina, para saber que el dejar de fumar puede modificar los niveles plasmáticos de determinados fármacos y de cafeína, y para conocer cómo conectarse con aplicaciones de tecnologías móviles y líneas telefónicas orientadas a dejar de fumar. Es probable que las futuras innovaciones estén relacionadas con la farmacogenómica y con nuevas tecnologías orientadas a los humanos, a la casa y a la comunidad.L'usage du tabac reste un problème mondial, de nouvelles options se présentant aux consommateurs avec le développement et la commercialisation des cigarettes électroniques et d'autres nouveaux produits dérivés du tabac et de la nicotine, comme le tabac « qui chauffe mais ne brûle pas » et le tabac soluble. L'accès accru à ces nouveaux produits se juxtapose au développement de la santé publique et aux options d'intervention clinique, telles que les technologies mobiles et les médias sociaux. L'attention générale s'est focalisée sur le taux élevé persistant des troubles liés au tabac parmi les patients qui ont des troubles psychiatriques, et notamment sur le succès des traitements individuels et des interventions organisationnelles. Les résultats sont meilleurs quand les traitements sont intégrés à des thérapies comportementales et à des interventions de proximité. Le traitement du tabagisme dans le cadre de la santé mentale nécessite une formation et une assistance technique pour supprimer les barrières culturelles qui restreignent les interventions. Il existe encore des solutions faciles à mettre en oeuvre pour éduquer les patients à l'utilisation correcte des substituts nicotiniques, leur expliquer comment l'arrêt du tabac change les taux sanguins de certains médicaments spécifiques et de la caféine et leur apprendre à se connecter aux applications mobiles et aux lignes téléphoniques dédiées à l'arrêt du tabac. De futures innovations seront probablement liées à la pharmacogénomique et à de nouvelles technologies qui seront tournées vers l'humain, la maison et la population.