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The article presents the idea of a third unit in the Habsburg Monarchy prior to World War I as seen through the eyes of Slovenian liberals. The author presents the broader political context in which the concept emerged and then analyses the reactions of various political groups amid national tensions in the Balkans. Extracts of two liberal Slovenian newspapers, Edinost (Trieste) and Soča (Gorizia), are examined with respect to the key geopolitical dilemmas and interests of different stakeholders affected by the new geopolitical construct. It is argued that trialism was chiefly an attempt by Austria to curtail the power of Hungary. The majority of Slovenians and Croatians initially supported the idea because it implied their political emancipation. On the other side were the Hungarians, Italians and Serbs who saw the idea as a threat to their national interests. In terms of South Slavic relations, trialism represented a new battlefield for the Catholic and Orthodox visions of Yugoslavism. With further development of the concept, first and foremost due to Austria's ambitions to satisfy the Italians and leave Trieste and Gorizia outside of the imagined third unit, the idea introduced tension into Croatian–Slovenian relations and led to a fresh dispute in the Slovenian political sphere between liberals and conservatives. Finally, the advocates of trialism were unable to gain sufficient internal support within the Habsburg Monarchy, which thereby preserved the status quo and the dual regime until the monarchy's collapse during war.

Problematika prognanoga slovenskog stanovništva s prostora koji je tijekom Drugoga svjetskog rata okupirao Treći Reich prisutna je u hrvatskoj, slovenskoj i srpskoj povijesti, ali je prije svega povezana s iseljavanjem i progonom drugoga (u prvom redu srpskoga) etničkog stanovništva. Ta etapa slovenske povijesti u Hrvatskoj nije dovoljno poznata široj javnosti. Upravo stoga radom se želi upozoriti na veliki broj Slovenaca koji su Drugi svjetski rat preživjeli na prostoru Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine, odnosno tadašnje Nezavisne Države Hrvatske, koja je imala drugačije granice od današnje Hrvatske i Bosne i Hercegovine. U dosad objavljenim radovima o progonu slovenskoga stanovništva u Hrvatsku i Bosnu i Hercegovinu često se zaboravlja na dodatni kulturni šok koji su prognanici doživjeli. Osim opisa djelovanja legalnih institucija koje su bile zadužene za skrb o prognanom slovenskom stanovništvu, u radu su predstavljeni pojedinačni slučajevi iz kojih je vidljiva teška situacija i problemi s kojima su se suočavali stanovnici prognani iz slovenskih krajeva., The problem of the expelled Slovene population from the areas occupied by the Third Reich during World War II is present in Croatian, Slovene, and Serbian history, but is primarily linked to the emigration and expelling of the population of other ethnicities (mostly Serbian). This phase of Slovene history is not well-known to the broader public in Croatia. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the large number of Slovenes who survived World War II on the territory of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, i.e. then the territory of the Independent State of Croatia, which had different borders than Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina today. Papers on the topic of the Slovene population displaced to Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina often do not consider the cultural shock that the displaced persons suffered. Apart from describing the activities of the institutions that were legal and responsible for providing for the expelled Slovene population, this paper also presents individual cases that exemplify the difficult situation and problems faced by those expelled from Slovene lands.

Autori u tekstu donose informacije o čuvanju nacionalnog identiteta Slovenaca u Zagrebu. Slovenci u Zagrebu prema popisu stanovništva 2011. broje 2132 osobe, što čini oko 1/5 svih Slovenaca u Hrvatskoj. Slovenska nacionalna manjina u Hrvatskoj danas je najstarija nacionalna manjina u Hrvatskoj. Prosječni iznos godina prema popisu iz 2011. iznosio je 59,7. Ta činjenica nikako ne ide na ruku slovenskim društvima u Hrvatskoj, koja imaju vrlo staro članstvo. Čuvanje nacionalnog identiteta kod Slovenaca u Hrvatskoj prisutno je prije svega njegovanjem slovenskog jezika, dok su mlađe generacije podložnije asimilaciji (osobito oni koji su se rodili u nacionalno mješovitim brakovima). Istraživači su pokušali provjeriti koliko su kazivači još povezani sa Slovenijom te koliko su Slovenci koji posjećuju Slovenski dom povezani sa slovenskim društvom u Zagrebu., The authors bring information about the preservation of the national identity of Slovenes in Zagreb. According to the 2011 census, Slovenes in Zagreb number 2132 people, which is about 1/5 of all Slovenes in Croatia. Today, the Slovenian national minority in Croatia is the oldest national minority in Croatia. The average number of years according to the 2011 census was 59.7. This fact does not help Slovenian societies in Croatia, which have a very old membership. Preservation of national identity among Slovenes in Croatia is present primarily through the nurturing of the Slovene language, while the younger generations are more susceptible to assimilation (especially those born in ethnically mixed marriages). The researchers tried to see how much the narrators are still connected to Slovenia and how much the Slovenes who visit the Slovene Home are connected to the Slovene society in Zagreb.

Uslijed djelovanja triju nacionalno-integracijskih procesa u istarskih Talijana, Hrvata i Slovenaca Istra je, posebno od sredine 19. do sredine 20. stoljeća, bila prostor nacionalnih sukobljavanja i netolerancije. Premda su postojali u to doba i pokušaji međusobno skladnog i snošljivog života, dramatična zbivanja nastupila su upravo tijekom ustrajne borbe triju naroda u Istri za vlastito pravo na nacionalnu samobitnost, identitet i samoodređenje. Posebno je bilo problematično poricanje suvereniteta naroda na tom prostoru, što je impliciralo sukobe. Uz taj krucijalni unutarnji čimbenik, u induciranju sukoba triju autohtonih naroda u Istri i na Kvarnerskim otocima u 19. stoljeću važnu su ulogu imali i neki vanjski čimbenici tijesno povezani s promjenjivim dinamizmima međunarodne politike. Nacionalno ujedinjenje Italije i ostvarenje moderne talijanske države Kraljevine Italije 1861. ključni je vanjski čimbenik političke stvarnosti i odnosa u tom prostoru. Isto tako, poraz Austrije u ratu s Pruskom (1866.) i promjena težišta njezine politike, pristupanje Italije Trojnom savezu (1882.), poraz talijanske kolonijalne vojske kod Adue (1896.) s novim obratom njezine politike u odnosu na Jadran i habsburške teritorije, ključni su vanjski čimbenici koji su utjecali na politike Kraljevine Italije, Habsburške Monarhije, kao i na razvitak društvenih, političkih i nacionalnih procesa u pokrajini Istri. U radu se raspravlja i o značaju vanjskih, strukturalnih čimbenika, kao što je europska ravnoteža snaga, odnosno ključna regionalna ravnoteža između Italije i Austrije, koji su na posredan način određivali sudbinu i Hrvata, i Slovenaca, i Talijana u dugom 19. stoljeću. Raščlambom unutarnjih i vanjskih čimbenika istarske povijesne zbilje prikazalo se cjelovitiju sliku uzroka sukobljavanja u Istri tijekom druge polovice dugog 19. stoljeća, kao i stanja s kojim se ušlo u Veliki rat 1914. godine., Especially from the mid-19th century until mid-20th century, Istria was area of the national conflicts and untolerance between Italians, Croatians, and Slovenians, due to impact of the according national-international processes. Although there were also attempts of the life in harmony and tolerance, dramatic ungoings took place precisely during the struggle of the three nations in Istria for the right of national identity and self-determination. The denying of these rights of national sovereignity in this region was especialy problematic and implicated the conflicts. Beside this crucial inner factor the important role in the inducing of conflicts between three autochtonous nations in Istria and islands of Kvarner in the 19th century, have had some external elements clousely tied with changing dynamics of the international politics. The national unification of Italy and founding of the modern Italian state, the Kingdom of Italy 1861., is the external factor of the politics reality in this area. On the other side the defeath of Austria in the war against Prussia (1866.) and the following change of gravity of its politics, the accession of Italy to the Triple Alliance (1882.), the defeath of the italian collonial army by Adua (1896.), with following turn of its politics towards the Adriatic and Habsburg theritoryes, are the crucial external factors which affected politics of Italy and Habsburg Monarchy, and also on the development of the social, political and national processes in Istria. This paper discusses also the importance of the overall structural elements, like european balance of powers, and also crucial regional equilibrium between Italy and Austria, which indirectly dettermined the faith Croatians, Slovenians, and Italians in the long 19th century. With the analyses of these internal and external elements important for Istrian historic reality, the paper shows the more complete picture of the causes of conflicts in Istria during the second half of the long 19th century, and also the situation in the moment of the beginning Great War in the year 1914.

Migrants learn experientially with every migration, but nevertheless relatively little research has been done on the issue. During the process of transition, individuals face changes that require them to transform knowledge, points of view, practices, and values. The study attempted to determine how individuals learn through the experience of migration, which strategies they employ, and whether the model of transitional learning can be used to analyse learning during migration. The article examines learning by employing the biographical and transitional learning theories. Semi-structured interviews and narrative method were used to examine the main reasons for moving and determine which learning strategies appeared during the process of transition. The results show that migrants employed all four basic strategies of learning according to Wildemeersch and Stroobants (2009): adaptation, growth, distinction, as well as resistance. Furthermore it has been proved that the model of transitional learning is an effective analytical tool for the analysis of the experiential learning during migration.

Izvleček Izhodišča: Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti povezanost med športno dejavnostjo (ŠD) in doživljanjem stresa ter vrednotenjem zadovoljstva z življenjem odraslih Slovencev. Metode: Podatki so bili pridobljeni s pomočjo anketnega vprašalnika na reprezentativnem vzorcu 856 odraslih Slovencev in Slovenk (povprečne starosti 39 ± 13,7 leta). ŠD je bila opredeljena s številom dni ukvarjanja s katero koli športno dejavnostjo tedensko. Stres je bil opredeljen s pogostostjo doživljanja devetih znakov stresa na štiristopenjski lestvici. Pri oceni zadovoljstva z življenjem so udeleženci raziskave izrazili strinjanje oziroma nestrinjanje s petimi postavkami na petstopenjski lestvici. Vrednosti prve glavne komponente stresa in lestvice zadovoljstva z življenjem je bila določena z Anderson-Rubinovo metodo. Povezanost spremenljivk je bila ocenjena s Spearmanovim koeficientom korelacije in s splošnimi linearnimi modeli. Rezultati: ŠD je bila statistično značilno povezana s stresom (p = ,03) in z zadovoljstvom z življenjem (p < ,01). V linearnih modelih imajo izbrani dejavniki (ŠD, starost, spol in izobrazba) skupaj statistično značilen vpliv (pri stresu: R2 = ,040; p < ,001; pri zadovoljstvu: R2 = ,068; p < ,001); ŠD ima statistično značilen vpliv le na oceno zadovoljstva z življenjem (η2part.= ,020; p = ,002). Na stres statistično značilno vplivajo vsi preostali dejavniki, na zadovoljstvo z življenjem pa le izobrazba. Zaključki: Na podlagi dobljenih rezultatov lahko sklepamo, da so športno dejavnejši odrasli Slovenci manj pod stresom in bolj zadovoljni s svojim življenjem, vendar je ta vpliv ob upoštevanju vpliva starosti, spola in izobrazbe razmeroma majhen.

Paper deals on socio-political development of Karavanke mountains, which had changing the division- and conecting role in historical development, especialy for slovene population, living on both sides of border. This mountain barriere became in 19th century conecting area for Slovenes of Carniola and Carinthia. After World War I., Karavanke became a border zone with strong division- function. Even though, the local population of both sides found some posibilities to comunicate with each other, what finnaly led to the today's larger transborder cooperation. In frame of this, slovene minority in Carinthia has a visible role and function.