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Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) in insects can encode various detoxification enzymes and catabolize heterologous substances, conferring tolerance to insecticides. This study describes the identification of a P450 gene (CYP6BQ8) from Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and investigation of its spatiotemporal expression profile and potential role in the detoxification of terpinen-4-ol, a component of plant essential oils. The developmental expression profile showed that TcCYP6BQ8 expression was relatively higher in early- and late-larval stages of T. castaneum compared with other developmental stages. Tissue expression profiles showed that TcCYP6BQ8 was mainly expressed in the head and integument of both larvae and adults. The expression profiling of TcCYP6BQ8 in developmental stages and tissues is closely related to the detoxification of heterologous substances. TcCYP6BQ8 expression was significantly induced after exposure to terpinen-4-ol, and RNA interference against TcCYP6BQ8 increased terpinen-4-ol-induced larval mortality from 47.78 to 66.67%. This indicates that TcCYP6BQ8 may be involved in T. castaneum's metabolism of terpinen-4-ol. Correlation investigation between the CYP6BQ8 gene and terpinen-4-ol resistance in T. castaneum revealed that the TcCYP6BQ8 gene was one of the factors behind T. castaneum's resistance to terpinen-4-ol. This discovery may provide a new theoretical foundation for future regulation of T. castaneum.

Using force tracing and nano-indentation techniques based on atomic force microscopy, the promoting effect of Tf on T7-modified nano-drug transport was investigated at a single-particle and single-cell level in real time.

The rapidly increasing population and decreasing supply of fossil fuels have resulted in a growing demand for energy, which has brought on an energy crisis.

This review briefly introduces an edited volume of recent empirical research on virtual exchange (VE) and second language education. It starts with a general introduction of VE and its potential to fulfil low-boundary interactions in pedagogical instructions, especially during the pandemic. Then it introduces the VE practices in the book from three dimensions: VE and language, VE and culture, as well as VE and teacher development. At last, it affirms the value of VE in improving the efficiency of foreign language education and teacher preparation, and provides suggestions for future studies.

Image recognition has always been a popular research topic in computer vision, whose basic task is to learn a model to predict the category of a given image. Early image classification algorithms mainly relied on handcrafted features, while their classification results often failed to meet practical application requirements due to the limitation of handcrafted features expressiveness ability. Thanks to the rapid development of deep learning, image recognition algorithms based on convolutional neural networks have achieved great success. Generally, stacking network layers can improve the prediction accuracy, while increasing the network depth can also lead to problems such as gradient disappearance, gradient explosion, and degradation. In recent years, due to its powerful representation ability, Transformer-based image classification algorithms have achieved new breakthroughs in recognition accuracy. This paper first introduces the classic deep learning algorithms in the field of image classification, including networks such as AlexNet, GoogLeNet, VGG, and ResNet. Meanwhile, the visual transformer (ViT) and the data-efficient image transformer are further introduced to handle image classification tasks. In addition, this paper analyzes the application and development of these two models in image classification, classifies the different models, and analyzes their advantages and disadvantages.

The clinical manifestations of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are highly heterogeneous and no reliable diagnostic biomarkers exist.We explored the role of DNA methylation CpG markers in the diagnosis of PsA.DNA methylation array was used to screen for differentially methylated sites (DMSs) in the discovery phase (PsA, n = 25; healthy controls [HCs], n = 19; psoriasis vulgaris [PsV], n = 20). In the validation phase, pyrosequencing was used to identify the DMSs in an expanded cohort (PsA, n = 60; HCs, n = 91; PsV, n = 48; rheumatoid arthritis [RA], n = 60). Logistic regression prediction models were established based on the identified DMSs for the diagnosis of PsA.A total of 17 DMSs differentiating PsA and HCs as well as 11 DMSs differentiating PsA and PsV were screened in the discovery phase. A total of six DMSs (chr14: cg07940072, chr14: 38061320, chr9: cg15734589, chr6: cg12800266, chr3: cg12992827, chr6: cg24500972) differentiating PsA and HCs and two DMSs (chr12: cg16459382, chr2: cg16348668) differentiating PsA and PsV were identified using pyrosequencing. Three logistic regression prediction models were established based on the identified DMSs, which distinguished PsA, RA, PsV, and HCs (P 0.001). The models performed well in differentiating PsA from HCs, RA, and PsV (AUC: 0.858, 0.851, and 0.976, respectively).The models based on methylated CpG sites are useful for distinguishing patients with PsA from HCs and those with RA or PsV and are a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic biomarker for PsA.

To compare the efficacy and safety of intravitreal injections of ranibizumab (IVR) before and at the end of vitrectomy in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) patients.A prospective comparative study was performed on 60 eyes of 52 PDR patients who received ranibizumab injection (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) 3-5 days before vitrectomy (preoperative group) and 55 eyes of 50 PDR patients who received ranibizumab injection (0.5 mg/0.05 ml) at the end of vitrectomy (intraoperative group). Intra- and postoperative indices were collected for further comparison.Postoperative best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in preoperative group was better than in intraoperative group at 1 week after surgery (P 0.05) but comparable at 1- and 3-month follow-up (P = 0.20 and P = 0.37, respectively). Central retinal thickness (CRT) in preoperative group was lower than in intraoperative group at 1 week postoperatively (P 0.05), but comparable at 1- and 3-month follow-up (P = 0.39 and P = 0.77, respectively). The average surgery time was significantly shorter in preoperative group than in intraoperative group (61.50 ± 11.44 min vs. 74.49 ± 12.01 min, P 0.01). The incidence of intraoperative bleeding was significant lower in preoperative group than in intraoperative group (21.7% vs. 40.0%, P 0.05). Moreover, the incidence of intraocular electrocoagulation use, iatrogenic retinal breaks, relaxing retinotomy and silicone oil tamponade were all significantly lower in preoperative group than that in intraoperative group (P 0.05, respectively). The incidences of postoperative vitreous hemorrhage (VH), neovascular glaucoma (NVG), recurrent retinal detachment, postoperative fibrovascular proliferation progression and reoperation showed no statistical differences between the two groups (P 0.05, respectively). Both groups had no ocular or system adverse events during observation period.In vitrectomy for PDR, preoperative IVR can significantly reduce surgery time and lower the incidence of intraoperative bleeding, intraocular electrocoagulation use, iatrogenic retinal breaks, relaxing retinotomy and silicone oil tamponade during surgery and gain short-term better postoperative BCVA and thinner CRT.ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier, NCT05408416).

With the transformation of China's economic structure and upgrading of industrial structure, basic education plays an important role.On May 21, 2021, China deliberated and adopted the Opinions on Further reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education.On July 24, 2021, the Guidelines on Further Reducing the Burden of Homework and Off-campus Training for Students in Compulsory Education were issued, hereinafter referred to as "double reduction".This paper will be in the double reduction policy, revitalization of local basic education and other documents.On the basis of the previous research on the development of basic education, this paper constructs a statistical measure problem between the evaluation of the sufficient situation of the development level of basic education and the gap of regional imbalance.In addition, the method of comprehensive questionnaire was selected to design endogenous factors and exogenous factors.With the method of factor analysis, this paper explores how to promote the coordinated development of regional education ecology under the new pattern of education development implemented by double reduction policy. The conclusion of the study is that "fair and quality education" is an important part of people's yearning for a better life. With the improvement of per capita education level, it is a top priority to receive fair and quality basic education.The state has effectively improved the scale and fair full development of basic education in backward areas through policies and public funds.The imbalance of basic education equity and basic education quality is heterogeneous. It is necessary to improve the overall learning resource environment of schools by using Internet technology, build a better educational ecosystem, remove the "digital divide" and break through the "digital dividend".

A base-mediated aerobic oxidation of alkylbenzimidazoles for the preparation of carboxylic acids is described. A number of aliphatic carboxylic acids have been prepared in good to excellent yields via a C–C bond rupture process. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest the reaction undergoes a radical pathway initiated by strong bases such as potassium amide. This type of transformation provides an alternative strategy for the access of important carboxylic acid moieties.

Hypertension is one of the risk factors of many diseases such as cardiovascular disease and stroke, and it has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. Although elevated blood pressure is related to many different factors, some studies have found that people's dietary patterns seem to be closely related to the development of hypertension. This paper aimed to compare the dietary patterns in China and America and to explore how they affect the incidence of hypertension in both countries. Through analysis, high sodium diets, substandard vegetable intake, and high-temperature cooking methods in both countries were found to be hazard factors that might increase the prevalence of hypertension. The difference was that the high sodium intake in America mainly comes from processed food, while the sodium intake in China mainly comes from salt added during cooking. In addition, the relatively high intake of whole-grain diet in China may also be one of the reasons for the relatively low prevalence of hypertension in China. In terms of intervention on hypertension, although America has higher compliance with the DASH diet, it is still important to popularize dietary guidelines and hypertension-related knowledge in order to help the public better improve their health status. However, the current research has no definite evidence to prove the relationship between diet and hypertension, so more research and data still need to be found.

Background Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, and alterations in miRNA expression are related to the development of NAFLD. However, the role of miRNAs in regulating the development of NAFLD is still poorly understood. Methods We used qRT-PCR to detect the level of miR-103-3p in both cell and mouse models of NAFLD. Biochemical assays, DCF-DA assays, Oil red O staining and HE staining were used to detect the role of miR-103-3p in NAFLD development. Target genes of miR-103-3p were predicted using the TargetScan database and verified by qRT-PCR, western blot and dual-luciferase assays. Results The expression of miR-103-3p increased in both NAFLD model cells and liver tissues from the NAFLD mouse model. Inhibition of miR-103-3p significantly alleviated the accumulation of lipid droplets in free fatty acid-treated L02 cells and liver tissues from mice with NAFLD. Inhibition of miR-103-3p reduced the contents of H2O2, TG, ALT, and AST and ROS production while increasing the ATP content. Moreover, the miR-103-3p antagomir alleviated liver tissue lesions in mice with NAFLD. Further studies identified ACOX1, a key enzyme for the oxidation and decomposition of fatty acids, as a direct target of miR-103-3p. Conclusions These findings identified a negative regulatory mechanism between ACOX1 and miR-103-3p that promotes the pathogenesis of NAFLD and suggested that inhibition of miR-103-3p may be a potential treatment strategy for NAFLD.

The rabies virus is a neurotropic virus that causes fatal diseases in humans and animals. Although studying the interactions between a single rabies virus and the cell membrane is necessary for understanding the pathogenesis, the internalization dynamic mechanism of single rabies virus in living cells remains largely elusive. Here, we utilized a novel force tracing technique based on atomic force microscopy(AFM) to record the process of single viral entry into host cell. We revealed that the force of the rabies virus internalization distributed at (65±25) pN, and the time was identified by two peaks with spacings of (237.2±59.1) and (790.3±134.4) ms with the corresponding speed of 0.12 and 0.04 µm/s, respectively. Our results provide insight into the effects of viral shape during the endocytosis process. This report will be meaningful for understanding the dynamic mechanism of rabies virus early infection.Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s40242-022-2069-y.

Purpose: To determine if MRI features and molecular subtype influence the detectability of breast cancers on MRI in high-risk patients. Methods and Materials: Breast cancers in a high-risk population of 104 patients were diagnosed following MRI describing a BI-RADS 4–5 lesion. MRI characteristics at the time of diagnosis were compared with previous MRI, where a BI-RADS 1–2–3 lesion was described. Results: There were 77 false-negative MRIs. A total of 51 cancers were overlooked and 26 were misinterpreted. There was no association found between MRI characteristics, the receptor type and the frequency of missed cancers. The main factors for misinterpreted lesions were multiple breast lesions, prior biopsy/surgery and long-term stability. Lesions were mostly overlooked because of their small size and high background parenchymal enhancement. Among missed lesions, 50% of those with plateau kinetics on initial MRI changed for washout kinetics, and 65% of initially progressively enhancing lesions then showed plateau or washout kinetics. There were more basal-like tumours in BRCA1 carriers (50%) than in non-carriers (13%), p = 0.0001, OR = 6.714, 95% CI = [2.058–21.910]. The proportion of missed cancers was lower in BRCA carriers (59%) versus non-carriers (79%), p < 0.05, OR = 2.621, 95% CI = [1.02–6.74]. Conclusions: MRI characteristics or molecular subtype do not influence breast cancer detectability. Lesions in a post-surgical breast should be assessed with caution. Long-term stability does not rule out malignancy and multimodality evaluation is of added value. Lowering the biopsy threshold for lesions with an interval change in kinetics for a type 2 or 3 curve should be considered. There was a higher rate of interval cancers in BRCA 1 patients attributed to lesions more aggressive in nature.

The toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway is involved in seizures. We investigated whether ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated delivery of short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting the TLR4 gene (shRNA-TLR4) can reduce ischemia-induced seizures in rats with hyperglycemia. A total of 100 male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups: (1) Sham; (2) normal saline (NS); (3) shRNA-TLR4, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4; (4) shRNA-TLR4 + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 followed by ultrasound (US) irradiation; and (5) shRNA-TLR4 + microbubbles (MBs) + US, where rats were injected with shRNA-TLR4 mixed with MBs followed by US irradiation. Western blot and immunohistochemical staining were used to measure TLR4-positive cells. Half of the rats in the NS group developed tonic-clonic seizures, and TLR4 expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus was increased in these rats. In addition, the NS group showed an increased number of TLR4-positive cells compared with the Sham group, while there was a decreased number of TLR4-positive cells in the shRNA, shRNA + US, and shRNA + MBs + US groups. Our findings indicate that the TLR4 pathway is involved in the pathogenesis of ischemia-induced seizures in hyperglycemic rats and that UTMD technology may be a promising strategy to treat brain diseases.

Narrow bandgap (NBG) block copolymers are promising materials to realize single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs) that combine high performance with minimized fabrication procedures.

Small molecular acceptors have been successfully synthesized via solvent-free ball milling Knoevenagel condensation in air with ammonium acetate as the catalyst.

All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are promising candidates to resolve the critical long-term stability issue in organic photovoltaics.

To quantitatively analyze the number and density of macrophage-like cells (MLCs) at the vitreoretinal interface at macular region in diabetic retinopathy (DR) with and without diabetic macular edema (DME). This cross-sectional study involved 240 eyes of 146 treatment-naïve DR patients, including 151 eyes with DME. The number and density of MLCs were analyzed quantitatively using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and were compared between DME and non-DME eyes as well as proliferative DR (PDR) and non-PDR (NPDR) eyes. Correlation between MLCs density and vessel density of macular superficial capillary plexus (SCP) at macular region was evaluated. The number and density of macular MLCs were both elevated in DME group compared to non-DME group (all p

Dual-ion Li metal batteries based on non-flammable SO2-in-salt inorganic electrolytes ( Li–SO2 batteries) offer high safety and energy density. The use of cupric oxide (CuO) as a self-activating cathode material achieves a high specific capacity with cost-effective manufacturing in Li–SO2 batteries, but its cycle retention performance deteriorates owing to the significant morphological changes of the cathode active materials. Herein, we report the catalytic effect of carbonaceous materials used in the cathode material of Li–SO2 batteries, which act as templates to help recrystallize the active materials in the activation and conversion reactions. We found that the combination of oxidative-cyclized polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with N-doped carbonaceous materials and multi-yolk-shell CuO (MYS-CuO) nanoclusters as cathode active materials can significantly increase the specific capacity to 315.9 mAh g− 1 (93.8% of the theoretical value) at 0.2 C, which corresponds to an energy density of 1295 Wh kgCuO−1, with a capacity retention of 84.46% at the 200th cycle, and the cathode exhibited an atypical blossom-like morphological change.

To meet the rising energy demand for rapidly advancing battery-driven devices, a novel Li/Cl dual-ion battery chemistry based on non-flammable SO2-in-salt electrolyte is receiving significant attention. Herein, we propose a natural-activable CuO hollow nanocube (HNC) cathode material for dual-ion Li metal batteries using SO2-in-salt electrolyte. Natural activation is achieved via spontaneous chlorination of CuO HNCs into an electrochemically active CuCl2 phase upon immersed in a SO2-in-salt electrolyte. The on-site conversion reactions are proposed with the support of thermodynamic calculations; the phase transformations of active materials are confirmed through X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. As a solution to alleviate the volume expansion after chlorination, the HNC structure of CuO allows the resulting CuCl2 cathode material to deliver a reversible capacity up to 262.2 mAh g−1 (894.2 Wh kgCuO−1) with stable cycle performance over 150 cycles. The Li-CuO battery system presented here demonstrates the feasibility of non-flammable, high-energy density Li/Cl dual-ion Li metal batteries as a potential alternative to currently used lithium ion batteries.

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the severity of photoreceptor damage and the level of anti-retina antibodies (ARAs) in aqueous humor, including recoverin, CA II and enolase-α IgG antibody of macular edema patients. Aqueous humor samples were collected from macular edema patients and from cataract patients. Patients were divided into three groups according to the severity of discontinuity of ellipsoid zone (EZ) shown on optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging: cataract patients with intact EZ, macular edema patients with mild EZ damage, and macular edema patients with severe EZ damage. The level of ARAs was determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between the level of ARAs and the degree of photoreceptor damage was analyzed. The level of ARAs of the intact EZ group was significantly lower than that in the severely damaged group (P P = 0.030). In a subgroup analysis, the level of recoverin IgG of DME patients was correlated with their central retinal thickness (CRT) (r = 0.462, P = 0.035). The level of ARAs in aqueous humor of patients with DME and RVO-ME was correlated with the degree of photoreceptor damage.

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts are major mesenchymal cells in the lamina propria of colon mucosa and in colon cancer tissues. Detailed insight into the highly specific populations of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is required to understand the integrity and homeostasis of human colon mucosa and colon cancer. Based on gene expression profiles of single cells, we identified fibroblast populations that produce extracellular matrix components, Wnt ligand- and BMP-secreting fibroblasts, chemokine- and chemokine ligand-generating fibroblasts, highly activated fibroblasts, immune-modulating fibroblasts, epithelial cell-modulating myofibroblasts, stimuli-responsive myofibroblasts, proliferating myofibroblasts, fibroblast-like myofibroblasts, matrix producing myofibroblasts, and contractile myofibroblasts in human colon mucosa. In colon cancer tissue, the compositions of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts were highly altered, as were the expressing patterns of genes including BMPs, Wnt ligands, chemokines, chemokine ligands, growth factors and extracellular matrix components in fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. Our work expands the working atlas of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and provides a framework for interrogating the complexity of stromal cells in human healthy colon mucosa and colon cancer tissues.

Fermented foods are sensitive to the production conditions because of microbial and enzymatic activities, which requires intelligent flavor sensing system (IFSS) to monitor and optimize the production process based on the flavor properties. As the simulation system of human olfaction and gustation, IFSS has been widely used in the field of food with the characteristics of nondestructive, pollution-free, and real-time detection. This paper reviews the application of IFSS in the control of fermentation, ripening, and shelf life, and the potential in the identification of quality differences and flavor-producing microbes in fermented foods. The survey found that electronic nose (tongue) is suitable to monitor fermentation process and identify food authenticity in real time based on the changes of flavor profile. Gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance technology can be used to analyze the flavor metabolism of fermented foods at various production stages and explore the correlation between flavor substances and microorganisms.

In this study, phenolphthaleins have been introduced into hybrid tetraarylethylene bridged six-membered benzene rings and five-membered thiophene rings to construct new multifunctional molecules re...

Microplastics (MPs) (

Single-atom site (SAS) catalysts have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent performance. However, most of the current research models of SAS catalysts are based on inorganic catalysts, where “metal and coordination atom interaction” cannot simulate the fine-tuning effect of organic ligands on metal catalytic centers in homogeneous catalysts. Therefore, certain chemical transformations in homogeneous catalysis cannot be perfectly replicated. Here, we used porous organic ligand polymers as the carrier, which effectively changes the charge regulation of nanoparticles and monoatomic metal catalysts. Drawing lessons from traditional homogeneous metal/ligand catalysis, we introduced various functional groups into the ligand polymers to adjust the electronic properties, and successfully realized the hydrosilylation of internal alkynes with high catalytic performance. The selectivity and catalytic efficiency under the Pd@POL-1 catalyst system were improved compared with previous studies. The internal alkynes with various structures can complete this reaction, and the ratio of E/Z can reach up to 100:1.

Background To compare swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods SS-OCTA and ICGA images of 39 eyes with symptomatic CSC were collected and aligned. Spatial overlap of the annotations of the coarse granulated high reflective area on choriocapillary OCTA and the hyperfluorescence area on mid-phase ICGA was calculated according to the Jaccard index (JI). SS-OCTA findings of fellow eyes and changes in SS-OCTA abnormalities during the follow-up were also analyzed. Results Three main types of abnormalities in choriocapillaris SS-OCTA images were found: type A, coarse granulated high reflective area (39 eyes [100%]); type B, roundish dark halo around Type A (32 eyes [82.1%]); and type C, coarse granulated low reflective area (39 eyes [100%]). The mean JI of type A on SS-OCTA and the hyperfluorescence area on ICGA were 0.55 ± 0.15 for grader 1 and 0.49 ± 0.15 for grader 2. The mean area of type A abnormalities on SS-OCTA and hyperfluorescence on ICGA was 3.976 (IQR, 2.139–8.168) and 3.043 (IQR, 1.408–4.909) mm2 (P = 0.199). The areas of type A, B and C abnormalities on SS-OCTA after laser treatment or observation were 3.36mm2 (IQR, 2.399–9.312), 2.9mm2 (IQR, 2.15–3.7), and 0.19mm2 (IQR, 0.08–0.23), respectively, which was smaller than those in the baseline (7.311mm2 (IQR 3.788–11.209), P 2 (IQR, 2.8–9.8), P = 0.002;0.33mm2 (IQR, 0.23–0.38), P P = 0.679, 0.732, and 0.892). Conclusion The coarse granulated high reflective area in SS-OCTA corresponded well with the hyperpermeability area in ICGA. SS-OCTA promotes noninvasive visualization and follow-up quantifications of the choroidal vasculature in CSC patients.