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A new hyaline coelomycetous fungus discovered on living leaves of Ficus benghalensis (Moraceae) is described and illustrated. Morphologically, it is similar to Septoria or septoria-like genus, but based on cultural characteristics and multigene (LSU-RPB2-ITS) phylogenetic analysis this strain represents an additional lineage in Mycosphaerellaceae. Hence, a new genus and species, Neokamalomyces indicus is proposed.

Background: Peripheral lymphadenopathy is frequently due to a local or systemic, benign, self-limited, infectious disease or malignancy. Cervical lymph nodes are involved more often than the other lymphatic regions. In India tuberculosis (TB) is a major benign cause in adults and children. Some studies have been conducted to assess sero prevalence of toxoplasmosis, another infectious disease of signicance. The clinical overlap of spectrum between various diseases like early TB, sarcoidosis and toxoplasmosis has led us to investigate in this grey zone. Methodology: FNAC from enlarged cervical nodes of 100 patients was done. DNA extraction from the aspirate and Antigen –antibody reaction (ELISA) on serum samples was done on 49 patients who showed granulomatous pathology on cytology smears, out of 100 samples collected. Results: There were no IgM antibodies detected in any serum sample. IgG was detected in 7 cases. PCR on the lymph node aspirates did not show any presence of B1 gene of Toxoplasma. We recommend that a differential of Toxoplas Conclusion: ma be kept as a possible diagnosis when Zeihl Neelsen does not detect AFB on the granulomatous lymphadenopathies. Serologic conrmation in all suspected cases of this self-limited condition should be done, for which no treatment is necessary

The present study was carried out to determine the population of House Sparrow in three different habitats of the tarai arc in Kumaun region, Uttarakhand for a period of one year. The monthly field visits were carried out from August 2018 to July 2019 at different locations of three habitats viz. agricultural area, urban area and forest area. The findings of the present survey revealed that the agricultural areas enjoy highest number of individuals and relative abundance (525, 56.21%) followed by urban area (316, 33.83%) and least in forest area (93, 9.95%), respectively. In terms of seasonal variations, the maximum individuals were observed during winter season (November to February, 63%) followed by summer season (March to June, 29%) and lowest in rainy season (July to October, 8%). The study also indicated a significant difference between the numbers of House Sparrow observed among the three different habitats. While comparing the number of House Sparrow during the investigation in three habitats it was observed that number of species were less in forest habitat whereas the highest numbers were recorded in and around agricultural areas which could be due to availability of reasonable nesting sites in traditional dwellings of farmers and availability of food.

Additional file 1: Supplementary information. Table S1. Further information on patients withdrawn from the trial due to worsening COVID19/ escalation to WHO Scale >4. Table S2. Summary of adverse events recorded for both groups. Figure S1. Kaplan Meier plot to show risk of patient escalating to WHO OS >4. Figure S2. Additional clinical biomarkers.

Neokamalomyces Sanjay & Raghv. Singh, gen. nov. MycoBank: MB 843767 Type species:— Neokamalomyces indicus Sanjay & Raghv. Singh. Diagnosis:— Differs from Parapallidocercospora by its very well developed pycnidial conidiomata with a central ostiolum, and hyaline conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Etymology:— Prefix ‘ Neo ’ meaning new and genus suffix ‘ kamalomyces ’ based on the living legend Professor Kamal (DDU Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India), a renowned mycologist and monographer of Cercosporoid Fungi of India. Conidiomata pycnidial, brown to dark brown, subepidermal, epigenous, numerous in each lesion, immersed to erumpent, subglobose to globose, with a central ostiolum, releasing a hyaline conidial mass; outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, inner cells hyaline, thin-walled. Ostiole single, circular, central. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, tightly aggregated, cylindrical and tapering gradually toward the apex, ampulliform or lageniform with a relatively long neck, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, smooth; scars unthickened. Conidia cylindrical, weakly to strongly curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a broadly truncate base, septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline to light olivaceous, hila unthickened to slightly thickened. Sexual morph not seen., Published as part of Yadav, Sanjay, Verma, Sanjeet Kumar, Singh, Raghvendra, Singh, Vinay Kumar, Chaurasia, Balmukund, Singh, Paras Nath & Kumar, Shambhu, 2022, Neokamalomyces indicus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) - a Septoria-like genus from India, pp. 141-168 in Phytotaxa 571 (2) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7284306

Neokamalomyces indicus Sanjay & Raghv. Singh, sp. nov. Figs 2–5 MycoBank: MB 843768 Type:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Har Ki Pauri, 29.9567°N 78.1710°E, July 2019, coll. Sanjay Yadav, on living leaves of Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae), AMH 10233 (holotype), MH-BHU 13 (isotype), NFCCI 4870 (ex-type living culture). Diagnosis:— Differs from Parapallidocercospora colombiensis by its conidiomata pycnidial type, with conidiogenous cells developing from inner lining of conidiomatal wall. Etymology:— indicus, referring to India, the country where the fungus was discovered. Leaf spots numerous, amphigenous, circular to subcircular, brown, with dark brown border with greyish white centre (with many blackish dots of conidiomata), 5–10 mm diam., later becoming irregular and covering entire leaf surface. Conidiomata pycnidial, brown to dark brown, subepidermal, epigenous, visible on upper sides of the leaf, several in each lesion, immersed to erumpent, subglobose to globose, 50–180 µm diam., with a central ostiolum, releasing a hyaline conidial mass; conidiomatal wall without distinctly differentiated layers of textura angularis, outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, inner cells hyaline, thin-walled. Ostiole single, circular, central. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, tightly aggregated, cylindrical and tapering gradually toward the apex, ampulliform or lageniform with a relatively long neck, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, smooth, percurrent proliferations not observed, 8–12(–16) × 3–7 μm, scars unthickened. Conidia cylindrical, weakly to strongly curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a broadly truncate base, 0–4-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline to light olivaceous, (10–)23–36(–50) × (1.5–)2–4(–5) μm, hila unthickened to slightly thickened. Sexual morph not seen. Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA restricted and erumpent, surface folded, cerebriform to irregularly pustulate, mostly covered by a dense woolly floccose mat of smoke grey aerial mycelium, dark blackish green, reverse fuscous-black, with an irregular margin, reaching 8 mm diam. after 28 days at 25 °C with an even to slightly ruffled and glabrous margin. Only sterile mycelium was found without development of any kind of fruiting body or spores., Published as part of Yadav, Sanjay, Verma, Sanjeet Kumar, Singh, Raghvendra, Singh, Vinay Kumar, Chaurasia, Balmukund, Singh, Paras Nath & Kumar, Shambhu, 2022, Neokamalomyces indicus gen. nov., sp. nov. (Mycosphaerellaceae) - a Septoria-like genus from India, pp. 141-168 in Phytotaxa 571 (2) on page 156, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.571.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/7284306

Neokamalomyces indicus Sanjay & Raghv. Singh, sp. nov. Figs 2–5 MycoBank: MB 843768 Type:— INDIA. Uttarakhand: Haridwar, Har Ki Pauri, 29.9567°N 78.1710°E, July 2019, coll. Sanjay Yadav, on living leaves of Ficus benghalensis L. (Moraceae), AMH 10233 (holotype), MH-BHU 13 (isotype), NFCCI 4870 (ex-type living culture). Diagnosis:— Differs from Parapallidocercospora colombiensis by its conidiomata pycnidial type, with conidiogenous cells developing from inner lining of conidiomatal wall. Etymology:— indicus, referring to India, the country where the fungus was discovered. Leaf spots numerous, amphigenous, circular to subcircular, brown, with dark brown border with greyish white centre (with many blackish dots of conidiomata), 5–10 mm diam., later becoming irregular and covering entire leaf surface. Conidiomata pycnidial, brown to dark brown, subepidermal, epigenous, visible on upper sides of the leaf, several in each lesion, immersed to erumpent, subglobose to globose, 50–180 µm diam., with a central ostiolum, releasing a hyaline conidial mass; conidiomatal wall without distinctly differentiated layers of textura angularis, outer cells with brown, somewhat thickened walls, inner cells hyaline, thin-walled. Ostiole single, circular, central. Conidiophores reduced to conidiogenous cells, lining the inner cavity. Conidiogenous cells hyaline, tightly aggregated, cylindrical and tapering gradually toward the apex, ampulliform or lageniform with a relatively long neck, holoblastic, proliferating sympodially, smooth, percurrent proliferations not observed, 8–12(–16) × 3–7 μm, scars unthickened. Conidia cylindrical, weakly to strongly curved, or flexuous, gradually attenuated to a rounded apex, gradually or more abruptly attenuated into a broadly truncate base, 0–4-septate, not or indistinctly constricted around the septa, hyaline to light olivaceous, (10–)23–36(–50) × (1.5–)2–4(–5) μm, hila unthickened to slightly thickened. Sexual morph not seen. Culture characteristics:— Colonies on PDA restricted and erumpent, surface folded, cerebriform to irregularly pustulate, mostly covered by a dense woolly floccose mat of smoke grey aerial mycelium, dark blackish green, reverse fuscous-black, with an irregular margin, reaching 8 mm diam. after 28 days at 25 °C with an even to slightly ruffled and glabrous margin. Only sterile mycelium was found without development of any kind of fruiting body or spores.

Silica-POCl2 was used as the promoter for the three-component reaction of ethyl/methyl 3-phenyl glycidate, aniline derivatives, and dimethyl carbonate, leads to the synthesis of methyl/ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-aryloxazolidine-5-carboxylate derivatives. The desired product was obtained in high yields.

Peptidic and non-peptidic αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules have been used in the clinic for detection and treatment of tumors expressing αvβ6 integrin, because this protein is expressed in malignant epithelial cells of the oral cavity, pancreas, breast, ovary, colon and stomach carcinomas but it is not expressed in healthy adult tissue except during wound healing and inflammation. This review focuses on the landscape of αvβ6 integrinbinding molecules and their use in cancer treatment and detection, and discusses recent designs for tumor detection, treatment, and immunotherapy. In the last ten years, several reviews abamp;#945;vβ6 integrin-binding molecules and their role in cancer detection and treatment. Firstly, this review describes the role of the αvβ6 integrin in normal tissues, how the expression of this protein is correlated with cancer severity and its role in cancer development. Taking into account the potential of αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules in detection and treatment of specific tumors, special attention is given to several high-affinity αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides used for tumor imaging; particularly, the αvβ6-binding peptide NAVPNLRGDLQVLAQKVART [A20FMDV2], derived from the foot and mouth disease virus. This peptide labeled with either 18F, 111In or with 68Ga has been used for PET imaging of αvβ6 integrin-positive tumors. Moreover, αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides have been used for photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging and could potentially be used in clinical application in cancer diagnosis and intraoperative imaging of αvβ6-integrin positive tumors. Additionally, non-peptidic αvβ6-binding molecules have been designed and used in the clinic for the detection and treatment of αvβ6-expressing tumors. Anti-αvβ6 integrin antibodies are another useful tool for selective identification and treatment of αvβ6 (+) tumors. The utility of these αvβ6 integrin-binding molecules as a tool for tumor detection and treatment is discussed, considering specificity, sensitivity and serum stability. Another use of the αvβ6 integrin-binding peptides is to modify the Ad5 cell tropism for inducing oncolytic activity of αvβ6-integrin positive tumor cells by expressing A20FMDV2 peptide within the fiber knob protein (Ad5NULL-A20). The newly designed oncolytic Ad5NULL-A20 virotherapy is promising for local and systemic targeting of αvβ6-overexpressing cancers. Finally, new evidence has emerged, indicating that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) containing the αvβ6 integrin- binding peptide on top of CD28+CD3 endodomain displays a potent therapeutic activity in a diverse repertoire of solid tumor models.

The natural products, Diosgenin, Ginkgolide A and Catharanthine, showed highest binding energy and were stable with Tat protein and TPC in the entire MD simulation run. The binding energy and dissociation constant of Diosgenin, Catharanthine and Ginkgolide A with Tat and TPC were comparable to antiretroviral drugs, Maraviroc and Emtricitabine.

About half of the elements beyond iron are synthesized in stars by rapid-neutron capture process (r-process). The stellar environment provides very high neutron flux in a short time ($\sim$ seconds) which is conducive for the creation of progressively neutron-rich nuclei till the waiting point is reached after which no further neutron capture reactions proceed. At this point such extremely neutron-rich nuclei become stable via $\beta^-$ decay. A detailed understanding of the r-process remains illusive. In the present work, we explore the radiative neutron-capture (n,$\gamma$) cross sections and reaction rates around the r-process peak near mass number eighty. The inherent uncertainties remain large in some cases, particularly in case of neutron-rich nuclei. When the low-energy enhancement exists, it results in significant increase in the reaction rate for neutron-capture., Comment: 12 pages including 21 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1907.08054

Yadav, Sanjay, Verma, Sanjeet Kumar, Singh, Vinay Kumar, Singh, Raghvendra, Singh, Archana, Kumar, Shambhu (2021): Morphology and phylogeny of a new species, Pseudocercospora haldinae (Mycosphaerellaceae) on Haldina cordifolia from India. Phytotaxa 501 (2): 281-292, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.501.2.3

Bhullar, Manmeet Brar, Kaur, Paramjit, Kumar, Sanjeev, Sharma, Rakesh Kumar, Kumar, Rajinder, Kumari, Suman, Singh, Vinay, Kaur, Arshdeep, Kaur, Jagdeep, Sharma, Urvi, Kaur, Jasjinder (2021): Management of mites with homemade neem fruit aqueous extract in capsicum under protected cultivation. Persian Journal of Acarology 10 (1): 85-94, DOI: 10.22073/pja.v10i1.61968, URL: https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/f143dbd7-151b-317f-a54c-e05015597a71/

Additional file 3: Table S3. 6-month adherence to essential birth practices stratified by birth attendant cadre in 10 facilities in the BetterBirth trial.

Additional file 2: Table S2. 2-month adherence to essential birth practices stratified by birth attendant cadre in 30 facilities in the BetterBirth trial.

Additional file 5: Table S5. Average percent adherence to essential birth practices by time point and birth attendant cadre.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Baseline adherence to essential birth practices stratified by birth attendant cadre in 10 facilities in the BetterBirth trial.

Additional file 4: Table S4. 12-month adherence to essential birth practices stratified by birth attendant cadre in 30 facilities in the BetterBirth trial.

In present era, lifestyle disorders are gift of rapid industrialization of environment and increasing westernization of lifestyle. Lifestyle of people has undergone numerous changes , many of them are affecting the body badly and causing the diseases called as life style disorders. In simple language , life style disorders are disorders caused due to faulty life style. According to Ayurveda roga sarvepi mandagni i.e. main reason behind all the diseases is mandagni along with their respective causative factors. The hurry, worry and curry are three gifts of today’s lifestyle which mainly affect the harmony of agni eventually disturb the normal physiology of body and cause many life style diseases. Therefore Agni plays dominant role in manifestation of lifestyle disorders. Aim of the study is to understand the pathophysiology of agni and to enlist various factors affecting agni. But due to industrialization and pollution of surrounding environment, some of these factors are unavoidable. So in today’s fast world maintaining the harmony of agni is the best way of prevention of lifestyle disorder. And also understanding the factors affecting the agni will be helpful in planning the preventive measurements of lifestyle disorders.

Plants have provided a source of inspiration of novel drug compounds, as plant derived medicines have made large contributions to human health and well-being. An estimate of 75-90% of rural population of the world still relies on herbs for their healthcare. Ayurveda, supposed to be the oldest medical system in the world, provides potential leads to find active and therapeutically useful compounds from plants. Epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated that consumption of plant- derived foods rich in bioactive phytochemicals have a protective effect against different aliments related to human health. Tamarindus indica is having numerous reported activities like antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antivenom, antimicrobial, antihelmintic and molluscicidal properties. In spite of these medicinal values this plant is also consumed by rural people as vegetable. It also use as flavoring agent to impart flavor to various dishes and beverage. The present comprehensive review is therefore an effort to give detailed information about botanical description, phytochemical, traditional, nutraceutical and pharmacological approaches of Tamarindus indica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3344888

CONTENT 1. T. Kondratiuk, T. Beregova, L. Ostapchenko: "Antibacterial and antifungal influence of a melanin producer Pseudonadsoniella brunnea culture fluid" 2. Arun Kumar Srivastava, Vinay Kumar Singh: "Antimicrobial activity of papain" 3. Rasha Y. Elbayaa, Ibrahim A. Abdelwahab: "Continuous research for natural drugs with potential non-resistance antimicrobial activity and reduced adverse effects" 4. Fadia S. Youssef, Mohamed L. Ashour: "Antimicrobial activity of certain secondary metabolites derived from family Scrophulariaceae"

Prediction of the primordial abundances of elements in the big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) is one of the three strong evidences for the big bang model. Precise knowledge of the baryon-to-photon ratio of the Universe from observations of the anisotropies of cosmic microwave background radiation has made the Standard BBN a parameter-free theory. Although, there is a good agreement over a range of nine orders of magnitude between abundances of light elements deduced from observations and calculated in primordial nucleosynthesis, there remains a yet-unexplained discrepancy of $^7$Li abundance higher by a factor of $\sim 3$ when calculated theoretically. The primordial abundances depend on the astrophysical nuclear reaction rates and on three additional parameters, the number of light neutrino flavours, the neutron lifetime and the baryon-to-photon ratio in the universe. The effect of the modification of thirty-five reaction rates on light element abundance yields in BBN was investigated earlier by us. In the present work we have incorporated the most recent values of neutron lifetime and the baryon-to-photon ratio and further modified $^3$He($^4$He,$\gamma$)$^7$Be reaction rate which is used directly for estimating the formation of $^7$Li as a result of $\beta^+$ decay as well as the reaction rates for t($^4$He,$\gamma$)$^7$Li and d($^4$He,$\gamma$)$^6$Li. We find that these modifications reduce the theoretically calculated abundance of $^7$Li by $\sim 12\%$., Comment: 6 pages including 1 table. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1106.2972; text overlap with arXiv:1707.01004 by other authors

This study has focused on the effect of chlorophyllin bait on acetylcholinesterase and cytochrome oxidase activities in the nervous tissue of Lymnaea acuminata with exposure of sunlight and red light. Treatment with 24 h LC50 chlorophyllin (40% and 80%) at sunlight and red light exposure in infected and uninfected snails lasted for 24 h caused strong inhibition in the activities of acetylcholinesterase and cytochrome oxidase with a dose-dependent manner. The maximum inhibition of AChE (54.91% of control) and cytochrome oxidase (55.54% of control) were observed in the nervous tissue of infected snail exposed to 80% of the 24 h LC 50 values of chlorophyllin + red light. Amongst the all spectral band of light a greater inhibition of cytochrome oxidase and AChE activity was observed with the red light + chlorophyllin treated snails in infected/uninfected L. acuminata. Present study confirmed the toxic effect of chlorophyllin + red light against snails.

Information and communication technologies have made a big impact on education system and brought a fundamental change in teaching and learning methods. Computer assisted collaborative learning has gained popularity over the years and revolutionized science education. The remote and virtual lab in plant metabolic pathway lab provides an interactive learning based environment to the students for studying the structural and functional complexity of secondary metabolites in plants. This is achieved by a systematic understanding of complex structure and pathway in plants through series of illustrative and interacting learning tools, tutorials and simulated experiments. Further, users can remotely connect to the virtual lab to learn the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrumentation based on analysis of secondary metabolites in plants (with Tea, Maize and Petunia as the plant models). Further we examined the students’ understanding capability towards these labs with questionnaires designed in a hierarchical manner. This is the first systematic development of virtual laboratory on secondary metabolite pathway that encapsulates the importance of remote and virtual labs over the traditional mode of learning and describes its implementation in relation to the flavonoid pathway in plants.

BetterBirth Safe Childbirth Checklist: the WHO Safe Childbirth Checklist adapted for alignment with Indian national guidelines. (PDF 5557 kb)

BetterBirth trial SPIRIT checklist. (DOC 121 kb)

BetterBirth trial SPIRIT figure. (DOCX 32 kb)

Software complexity metrics is essential for minimizing the cost of software maintenance. Package level and System level complexity cannot be measured without class level complexity. This research addresses the class complexity metrics. This paper studies the existing class complexity metrics and proposes a new class complexity metric CCC (Complete class complexity metric). The CCC metric is then analytically evaluated by Weyuker's property., Comment: 9

Field experiment was conducted during kharif 2014 and 2015 at farmers’ field at Panwari village of Agra district (Uttar Pradesh) to study the effect of site specific nutrient management (SSNM) on productivity, profitability and uptake of nutrients by pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L) R.Br.]. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications. Results, pooled over two years, indicated that the SSNM led to significant increase in grain and stover yield of pearl millet as compared to the state recommended NPK fertilizers and farmers’ practice. SSNM increased the grain yield of pearl millet by 30.6 and 42.2% over state recommended NPK fertilizers and farmer practice, respectively. The maximum net profits of Rupees 45209/ha with a B:C ratio of 2.71 was obtained from pearl millet under SSNM. The minimum net profits (Rupees 29818/ha) and B:C ratio (2.53) were recorded under farmer practice. Omission of P, K, S and Zn nutrients caused grain yield reductions by 22.4% , 24.0% , 7.4% and 7.0% over SSNM, respectively. The uptake of N, P, K, S and Zn by pearl millet grain and stover in SSNM was higher than that of the farmer’s practice. The protein content and protein yield also improved with various treatments over farmers’ practice and the maximum values for both were recorded under SSNM. The fertility status of soil increased with various treatments and the maximum values of organic carbon (4.0 g/kg), available N (204.5 kg/ha), P (16 kg/ha), K (144 kg/ha), S (22.4 kg/ha) and Zn (0.61 mg/kg) were recorded with 120 kg N+60 kg P2O5 + 90 kg K2O+ 20 kg S + 4 kg Zn/ha over other treatments. Omission of S and Zn caused a reduction in available S and Zn status over their initial values.