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Primary intraocular lymphoma is a lymphoma that occurs in the eye, and is a subtype of primary central nervous system lymphoma that occurs in the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. It is composed of diffuse large B cell type. The pathophysiology and cause are not known exactly, and future research is needed. However, viral infection is thought to be the cause in immunocompromised patients. Diagnostic methods include fluorescein angiography, retinal tomography, and ocular magnetic resonance imaging. The main diagnostic method is cytopathology, but due to its false-negative rates the interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine, known as a growth factor for malignant B-lymphocytes in primary intraocular lymphoma, can be helpful in diagnosis. In the case of primary intraocular lymphoma, intravitreal methotrexate injection can be performed. Ratio of IL-10/IL-6 is greater than 1 before treatment and decreases to less than 1 after treatment. Although the prognosis is poor, it is expected to increase the survival rate through research on diagnostic methods and intraocular injection treatment combined with systemic chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Purpose: Corneal asphericity (Q-value) represents the difference in curvature from center to periphery of the cornea. This study evaluated horizontal and vertical asymmetry in corneal asphericity in myopic children and its relationship with various ocular parameters.Methods: This retrospective study included 47 eyes in 24 myopic Korean children. Corneal parameters, such as corneal asphericity and thickness, apical radius of curvature, and high order aberrations including total root mean square (RMS), spherical aberration, coma, and trefoil were analyzed by Pentacam. Axial lengths (ALs) and anterior chamber depths (ACDs) were measured by IOL master. From these values, characteristics of corneal asphericity differences between nasal-temporal and superior-inferior quadrants in myopic children and their relationship with other ocular parameters were evaluated.Results: The mean Q-value (8 mm) was -0.34 ± 0.10, representing a prolate corneal shape. The mean superior-inferior Q-value differences (8 mm) was 0.23 ± 0.17, which was greater than the mean nasal-temporal Q-value differences (8 mm) measured as 0.15 ± 0.13. The mean Q-value (8 mm) was not significantly related to AL or ACD, and Q-values in each quadrant (8 mm) also showed no significant relationship with corneal thickness in each corresponding quadrant. The nasal-temporal Q-value differences (8 mm) had a positive relationship with total RMS (p = 0.001) and a negative relationship with oblique trefoil (p = 0.045) and spherical aberration (p = 0.007). The superior-inferior Q-value differences (8 mm) showed a negative relationship with vertical trefoil (p = 0.003).Conclusions: The results of the study showed a variation of nasal-temporal and superior-inferior Q-value differences, and the relationship between corneal shape and other ocular dimensions in myopic Korean children. Further study with large data set is merited to ascertain the epidemiologic data of Asian ethnicity.

Mo0.67W0.33Se2 devices show gate-voltage-induced electrical phase transitions.

Sus scrofa is a globally distributed livestock species that still maintains two different ways of life: wild and domesticated. Herein, we detected copy number variation (CNV) of 328 animals using short read alignment on Sscrofa11.1. We compared CNV among five groups of porcine populations: Asian domesticated (AD), European domesticated (ED), Asian wild (AW), European wild (EW), and Near Eastern wild (NEW). In total, 21,673 genes were identified on 154,872 copy number variation region (CNVR). Differences in gene copy numbers between populations were measured by considering the variance-based value $${V}_{ST}$$ V ST and the one-way ANOVA test followed by Scheffe test. As a result, 111 genes were suggested as copy number variable genes. Abnormally gained copy number on EEA1 in all populations was suggested the presence of minor CNV in the reference genome assembly, Sscrofa11.1. Copy number variable genes were related to meat quality, immune response, and reproduction traits. Hierarchical clustering of all individuals and mean pairwise $${V}_{ST}$$ V ST in breed level were visualized genetic relationship of 328 individuals and 56 populations separately. Our findings have shown how the complex history of pig evolution appears in genome-wide CNV of various populations with different regions and lifestyles.

There is a growing consensus that the physics-based model needs to be coupled with machine learning (ML) model relying on data or vice versa in order to fully exploit their combined strengths to address scientific or engineering problems that cannot be solved separately. We propose several methodologies of bridging technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulation and artificial intelligence (AI) with its application to the tasks for which traditional TCAD faces challenges in terms of simulation runtime, coverage, and so on. AI-emulator that learns fine-grained information from rigorous TCAD enables simulation of process technologies and device in real-time as well as large-scale simulation such as full-pattern analysis of stress without high demand on computational resource. To accelerate atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, we have done a comparison study of descriptor-based and graph-based neural net potential, and also show their capability with large-scale and long-time simulation of silicon oxidation. Finally, we discuss the use of hybrid modeling of AI- and physics-based model for the case where physical equations are either fully or partially unknown.

Background The associations between long‐term changes in body mass composition and decline in lung function in healthy adults are unknown. Methods Using a well‐defined health check‐up database, we first assessed individual longitudinal changes in muscle mass (MM) and fat mass (FM) measured via bioelectrical impedance analyses. Then we classified the enrolled individuals into five body composition groups according to their MM index (MMI) [MM (kg)/height (m)2] or FM index (FMI) [FM (kg)/height (m)2] change rate quartiles. Linear mixed models adjusted for age, smoking status, height, and body mass index were used to analyse the rate of forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline and body composition groups. Results A total of 15 476 middle‐aged individuals (6088 women [mean age ± standard deviation: 50.74 ± 7.44] and 9388 men [mean age ± standard deviation: 49.36 ± 6.99]) were enrolled. The mean number of measurements was 6.96 (interquartile range [IQR]: 5–9) over an average follow‐up period of 8.95 years (IQR: 6.73–11.10). Decrease in MMI was significantly associated with accelerated FEV1 decline in men only (P = 1.7 × 10−9), while increase in FMI was significantly associated with accelerated FEV1 decline in both women and men (P = 7.9 × 10−10 and P

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are hepatotrophic viruses, they may affect pulmonary diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess whether chronic viral hepatitis (CVH) infection was associated with a rapid decline in lung function. Repeated measurements of lung function were obtained from a well-curated health check-up database. A case was defined as an individual positive for HBsAg or anti-HCV antibody. A control was randomly selected (from the same dataset) after 1:1 matching in terms of age, sex, height, the body mass index, and smoking status. Separate analyses of non-smokers and smokers were performed. A total of 701 cases were enrolled (586 with HBV and 115 with HCV). In cross-sectional analysis, both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) decreased significantly only in smokers (smoking cases vs. smoking controls) (adjusted p = 6.6 × 10

Tunable electrical phase transitions based on the structural and quantum-state phase transitions in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides have attracted attention in both semiconducting electronics and quantum electronics applications. Here, we report gate-voltage-induced reversible electrical phase transitions in Mo

We report a high-performance multi graphics processing unit (GPU) implementation of the Kohn-Sham time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the Tamm-Dancoff approximation. Our newly developed GPU algorithm on massively parallel computing systems using multiple parallel models in tandem scales optimally with material size, considerably reducing the computational wall time. A benchmark TDDFT study was performed on a green fluorescent protein complex composed of 4,353 atoms with 40,518 atomic orbitals represented by Gaussian-type functions. As the largest molecule attempted to date to the best of our knowledge, the proposed strategy demonstrated reasonably high efficiencies up to 256 GPUs on a custom-built state-of-the-art GPU computing system with Nvidia A100 GPUs. We believe that our GPU-oriented algorithms, which empower first-principles simulation for very large-scale applications, may render deeper understanding of the molecular basis of material behaviors, eventually revealing new possibilities for breakthrough designs on new material systems.

We examine the strain effect on the dielectric permittivity of cubic SrTiO3 (STO) with Self-Consistent Phonon (SCP) theory calculations. Despite the soft mode frequency overestimation with this theory scheme and workflow, our calculations predict the correct tendency of TO1 with respect to temperature and strain. We found that a uniform tensile strain leads to softer TO1 modes. In addition, the TO1 frequency drops suddenly to zero at a specific temperature in the presence of a ferroelectric transition. The square linear relation between TO1 and temperature is used to estimate the Curie Temperature (TC), and the STO dielectric permittivity calculated with the Lyddane-Sachs-Teller relation follows the Curie-Weiss (CW) law; which can also be used to determine another TC value. Results from both approaches are in good agreement with each other and show that TC increases significantly even when the applied tensile strain is only a few percent.

The coronavirus pandemic accentuated the need for molecular diagnostic tests. A technique highly used to this end is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)—a sensitive and specific technique commonly used as the gold standard for molecular diagnostics. However, it demands highly trained personnel and high-maintenance equipment and is relatively time-consuming. An alternative is the Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) technique, which doesn’t need sample purification or expensive equipment, and is similar to PCR when compared in sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, we developed an optimized colorimetric Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP) Point-of-Care test using a portable device to diagnose COVID-19. Variables such as concentration of primers, magnesium sulfate, betaine, hydrochloride guanidine, Bst, and temperature of the reactions were tested. We also created a pipetting quality control system—using a combination of dyes—to avoid false negatives due to a lack of samples added to the reaction test tube. Mineral oil was incorporated in the composition of the RT-LAMP reactions to avoid evaporation when a heating lid isn't available. The final RT-LAMP test is tenfold more sensitive when compared to the WarmStart Colorimetric Master mix from New England Biolabs with a sensitivity of 5 copies per μL.