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The business environment undergoes constant and dynamic changes. The current social, legal and economic contexts where firms operate enable them to meet their stakeholders' needs. Accordingly, efficient management more oriented to meet customers' requirements regarding firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices has been increasingly credited for the achievement of new firm managerial goals such as sustainability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to address the influence of the structure of human values and cultural differences by country on customers' CSR perception taking into consideration a firm's customers as one of its main stakeholders. Unlike the majority of earlier papers focusing on the relationship between customers' CSR perception and firm performance, this paper provides insights under the umbrella of social sustainability according to recent trends based on societal needs and firm commitments. The cross-cultural analysis has been conducted in a Latin American-European context by comparing two different cultural environments, Spain and Brazil, scarcely analysed in the managerial literature. The findings reveal that human values such as self-transcendence, conservation and openness to change exert a significant influence on the CSR's customer perception. Furthermore, cross-cultural differences by country moderate the relationship between these human values and CSR perception. The results allow for an adequate understanding of the drivers influencing customer perception of CSR social and environmental practices, and these drivers in turn are fundamental to firms' sustainability and, thus, firms' sustainable competitive advantage, as well as to academia to advance knowledge.

Nowadays, the recovery of historical centers has become a key reference to stimulate tourism and the development of this sector as an economic engine and source of wealth. Specifically, for Málaga, this has been a key factor to fuel tourism and economic development which apparently revert in a significant benefit for the municipality. Within the last decade Málaga has achieved to outstand among the most important cultural tourism destinations in the world thanks to a strong political push and the project leaded by the brand "Malaga City Museums". We propose the following communication analysis of the main actions that contribute to the financial recovery of Málaga taking advantage of a factor of great importance as it is tourism, given that we talk about the capital city of the Costa del Sol, and most importantly, its direct and potential impact on the economic activity

The study reports the evolution of the demyelinization process based on cholesterol ([CHOL]) levels quantified in median nerve samples and collected at different times-from death from both right and left wrists. The statistical data show that the phenomenon evolves differently in the right and left nerves. Such a difference can reasonably be attributed to a different multicenter evolution of the demyelinization. For data analysis, the enrolled subjects were grouped by similar postmortem intervals (PMIs), considering 3 intervals: PMI < 48 hours, 48 hours < PMI < 78 hours, and PMI > 78 hours. Data obtained from tissue dissected within 48 hours of death allowed for a PMI estimation according to the following equations: PMI = 0.000 + 0.7623 [CHOL]right (R = 0.581) for the right wrist and PMI = 0.000 + 0.8911 [CHOL]left (R = 0.794) for the left wrist.At present, this correlation cannot be considered to be definitive because of the limitation of the small size of the samples analyzed, because the differences in the sampling time and the interindividual and intraindividual variation may influence the demyelinization process.

This work tries to deal with Non-Profit Institutions (NPIs) recent challenges, addressing a potential response to the need of managerial approaches and schemes to improve the comprehension of the phenomenon. In particular, the main aim is to identify the prevailing trajectories on which to build a potential theoretical “virtuous” management model. In this perspective, using a statistical analysis on a small case study, the research proceeds to test the coherence of theoretical insights with a possible multifaceted pattern for NPIs in which professionalization, civic-engagement and accountability represent the three fundamental dimensions of what could be defined as “The Cuboid of NPIs Management”.

This chapter aims to identify the difference between conventional and Islamic capital asset pricing model in order to ensure the efficient investment management of products and markets. Based on theoretical literature and critical and empirical analysis, it provides key justifications for why and how Islamic capital asset pricing model outperforms the conventional capital asset pricing model. The data has been extracted from 69 companies in the period 2000 to 2017, listed at Karachi stock exchange. It provides potential contribution towards the existing body of knowledge through incorporating risk and return perspective in capital market theory. Here, it has been found that Islamic investment is a low risk investment as compared to a conventional one. Moreover, Islamic lenders must share some proportional in profit and risk, which trade-off in risk shares, not in risk-return. It is suggested that Islamic investment strategy is more profitable than the other in case of direct sharing contract. Lastly, recommendations and policy reforms have been discussed for implementation of Islamic investment strategy.

For many questionnaires and surveys in the marketing, business, and health disciplines, items often involve ordinal scales (such as the Likert scale and rating scale) that are associated in sometimes complex ways. Techniques such as classical correspondence analysis provide a simple graphical means of describing the nature of the association. However, the procedure does not allow the researcher to specify how one item may be associated with another, nor does the analysis allow for the ordinal structure of the scales to be reflected. This article presents a graphical approach that can help the researcher to study in depth the complex association of the items and reflect the structure of the items. We will demonstrate the applicability of this approach using data collected from a study that involves identifying major factors that influence the level of patient satisfaction in a Neapolitan hospital.