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Este trabalho descreve a imobilização por ligação covalente de uma ferroporfirina, cloreto de 5,10,15,20-tetraquis(pentafluorofenil)porfirinaferro(III) (FeTFPP), sobre nanoesferas de maguemita cobertas com sílica aminofuncionalizada. O material resultante (nomeadoγ-Fe2O3/SiO2-NHFeP) foi caracterizado por espectroscopia no infravermelho por refletância difusa (DRIFTS) e espectroscopia de absorção UV-Vis. A atividade catalítica desta ferroporfirina magnética foi investigada em reações de oxidação de hidrocarbonetos (estireno, (Z)-cicloocteno e R-(+)-limoneno) e de um herbicida (simazina), utilizando-se peróxido de hidrogênio ou ácido metacloroperbenzóico. Os produtos das reações de oxidação de hidrocarbonetos e simazina foram analisados por cromatografia em fase gasosa (GC) e cromatografia líquida de alta resolução (HPLC), respectivamente. Este sistema catalítico provou ser eficiente e seletivo na oxidação dos hidrocarbonetos, levando a altos rendimentos na oxidação do estireno (89%), cicloocteno (71%) e (+)-limoneno (86%). Na oxidação da simazina catalisada pelo γ-Fe2O3/SiO2-NHFeP, obteve-se 100% de seletividade para um produto desalogenado (OEAT), enquanto a mesma reação em meio homogêneo levou à formação de diversos produtos de oxidação. O catalisador pode ser facilmente recuperado pela aplicação de um campo magnético externo e lavado ao final das reações. Nos estudos de reutilização do catalisador para a oxidação do (+)-limoneno, a atividade catalítica foi mantida em 90%, mesmo após 10 reações consecutivas. This work describes the covalent immobilization of an ironporphyrin, 5,10,15,20- tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin iron(III) chloride (FeTFPP), onto maghemite/silica magnetic nanospheres covered with aminofunctionalized silica. The resulting material (γ-Fe2O3/SiO2-NHFeP) was characterized by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The catalytic activity of this magnetic ironporphyrin was investigated in the oxidation of hydrocarbons (styrene, (Z)-cyclooctene and R-(+)-limonene) and an herbicide (simazine) by hydrogen peroxide or 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. Hydrocarbon and simazine oxidation reaction products were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. This catalytic system proved to be efficient and selective for hydrocarbon oxidation, leading to high product yields from styrene (89%), cyclooctene (71%) and R-(+)-limonene (86%). Simazine oxidation was attained with 100% selectivity for a dechlorinated product (OEAT), while several oxidation products were obtained for the same catalyst in homogeneous media. The catalyst can be easily recovered through application of an external magnetic field and washed after reaction. Catalyst reuse experiments for R-(+)-limonene oxidation have shown that the catalytic activity is kept at 90% after 10 consecutive reactions.

Celulosa proveniente de aserrín de Pinus radiata fue utilizada en la obtención de xantatos de celulosa, usados como matrices en la preparación de formulaciones de liberación controlada de los herbicidas simazina (6-cloro-N²,N4-dietil-1,3,5-triazina-2,4 -diamina) y trifluralina (2,6 dinitro- N, N-dipropil-4-trifluorometilanilina). La celulosa fue extraída de aserrín usando una solución etanólica de ácido nítrico, obteniendo un 35% de rendimiento. Las matrices de xantato fueron preparadas poniendo en contacto una suspensión de celulosa con hidróxido de sodio y sulfuro de carbono, obteniéndose xantatos con un contenido de azufre que varia entre 700-2800 mgKg-1 de xantato. Se seleccionaron tres matrices de xantato para encapsular los herbicidas a través oxidación con peróxido de hidrógeno. Las formulaciones con el menor contenido de azufre no mostraron control en la liberación del herbicida. Las otras dos formulaciones seleccionadas, para ambos herbicidas mostraron un mayor control en la liberación y fueron muy similares entre ellas. Inicialmente estas formulaciones liberaron entre un 50-60% de herbicida, estabilizándose a los 10 días, con una liberación menor que un 1% de herbicida por día. Las características mostradas por ambas formulaciones podría minimizar la adsorción de estos herbicidas en el suelo, requiriendo un mayor desarrollo para ser evaluadas bajo condiciones de campo Cellulose from Pinus radiata sawdust was utilized to obtain cellulose xanthates used as matrixes in controlled release formulations of simazine (6-chloro-N²,N4-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine)and trifluraline (2,6 dinitro- N, N-dipropyl-4-trifluoromethylaniline) herbicides. Cellulose was extracted from sawdust using ethanolic solution acidified with nitric acid, obtaining a 35% of yield. The xanthate matrixes were prepared suspending cellulose, sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide to obtain xanthates with sulfur incorporation ranging between 700-2800 mgkg-1 of xanthate. Then three xanthate matrixes were selected to encapsulate the herbicides by addition of hydrogen peroxide. Formulations selected with minor content of sulfur did not show any control in the release of herbicides. The other two selected formulations showed a further control of release to both herbicides and were very similar between them. At the beginning these formulations released over 50-60% of the herbicides, but after ten days they release under 1% daily. The characteristics showed by these formulations could minimize the adsorption of these herbicides in soils, but they require a further development to be evaluated under field conditions

The first phases of the development of pines could be affected by weed competition. The use of herbicides is fundamental for weed control but herbicide treatment must be safe for pines. This work study the effect of two herbicides, hexazinone and simazine, over three pine species Pinus halepensis, P. nigra and P. pinaster by means of measures of the fast phase of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetics. The study is conducted in early caulinars leaves of pine treated for 48 hours with doses of 2 and 4 ppm of each herbicide. Herbicide treatment and recovery of plants was done under hydroponics conditions in climatic chamber. P. nigra was more tolerant than P. pinaster and P. halepensis to hexazinone. There were no differences between species in simazine response. The three pine species show better recovery of photosynthetic activity in hexazinone treatments than in simazine treatments, indicating better tolerance of tree to hexazinone than to simazine. Las primeras fases del desarrollo de pinos pueden verse afectadas por la competencia de las malas hierbas, siendo la utilización de herbicidas fundamental para su control, aunque este tratamiento no debe afectar al pino. En este trabajo, se estudia el efecto de dos herbicidas simazina y hexazinona en tres especies de pino, Pinus halepensis, P. nigra y P. pinaster, mediante medidas de la fase rápida de la cinética de inducción de fluorescencia clorofílica. El estudio se lleva a cabo sobre las primeras hojas caulinares de pino, sometidos a tratamiento con dosis de 2 y 4 ppm de cada uno de los herbicidas durante 48 horas. El tratamiento y la posterior recuperación, se lleva a cabo en cultivo hidropónico en cámara climática. En los tratamientos con hexazinona, P. nigra ha resultado más tolerante que P. pinaster y P. halepensis. No se han encontrado diferencias entre especies en la respuesta a simazina. En las tres especies de pino se produce una mayor recuperación de la actividad fotosintética, lo que indica una mayor tolerancia del árbol, a hexazinona que a simazina.