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Novel approaches are required to address the urgent need to develop lipid-based carriers of paclitaxel (PTX) and other hydrophobic drugs for cancer chemotherapy. Carriers based on cationic liposomes (CLs) with fluid (i.e., chain-melted) membranes (e.g., EndoTAG-1®) have shown promise in preclinical and late-stage clinical studies. Recent work found that the addition of a cone-shaped poly(ethylene glycol)-lipid (PEG-lipid) to PTX-loaded CLs (CLsPTX) promotes a transition to sterically stabilized, higher-curvature (smaller) nanoparticles consisting of a mixture of PEGylated CLsPTX and PTX-containing fluid lipid nanodiscs (nanodiscsPTX). These CLsPTX and nanodiscsPTX show significantly improved uptake and cytotoxicity in cultured human cancer cells at PEG coverage in the brush regime (10 mol% PEG-lipid). Here, we studied the PTX loading, in vivo circulation half-life, and biodistribution of systemically administered CLsPTX and nanodiscsPTX and assessed their ability to induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer-bearing immunocompetent mice. We focused on fluid rather than solid lipid nanodiscs because of the significantly higher solubility of PTX in fluid membranes. At 5 and 10 mol% of a PEG-lipid (PEG5K-lipid, molecular weight of PEG 5000 g/mol), the mixture of PEGylated CLsPTX and nanodiscsPTX was able to incorporate up to 2.5 mol% PTX without crystallization for at least 20 h. Remarkably, compared to preparations containing 2 and 5 mol% PEG5K-lipid (with the PEG chains in the mushroom regime), the particles at 10 mol% (with PEG chains in the brush regime) showed significantly higher blood half-life, tumor penetration and proapoptotic activity. Our study suggests that increasing the PEG coverage of CL-based drug nanoformulations can improve their pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy., This research study was supported by the National Institutes of Health under award R01GM130769 (CRS, KKE, WF; mechanistic studies on developing lipid nanoparticles for drug delivery), the European Regional Development Fund (TT, Project No. 2014-2020.4.01.15-0012), the Estonian Research Council (TT, grants PRG230 and EAG79; PS, grant PSG38; LSG, grant MOBJD11), EuronanomedII projects ECM-CART and iNanoGun (TT), H2020 MSCA-RISE project Oxigenated (TT), and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation grants RYC2020-028754-I and PID2021-122364OA-I00 (PS). Partial support was provided by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award DMR-1807327 (CRS; kinetic phase behavior of cationic vesicles with incorporated hydrophobic molecules).

Se documenta la historia ocupacional de la provincia y ciudad de Osorno en el contexto de relaciones interculturales prehispánicas y coloniales de la llamada “frontera de arriba”, en la porción meridional de la Gobernación de Chile. Este trabajo presenta uevos resultados guiados por los objetivos siguientes: 1) caracterizar arqueológicamente la actual área urbana de Osorno a partir de prospecciones sistemáticas y 2) describir los contextos arqueológicos identificados en términos espaciales, materiales y cronológicos. La investigación discute la organización político-territorial indígena en relación con el proceso discontinuo de implantación urbana en el siglo XVI y XVIII, acentuando una reflexión sobre la continuidad y el cambio en los patrones culturales en el área de estudio.

In recent years, new materials and absorber configurations have been proposed to improve the performance of hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PV-T) collectors. This work analyses the fluid flow and the energy performance of an uncovered water-based PV-T collector with a roll-bond thermal absorber. A detailed CFD model was developed and the results were compared with the experimental performance features provided by the PV-T manufacturer. The fluid flow results show uneven flow distribution among the roll-bond microchannels which leads to areas with larger PV cell temperatures and thus a lower electricity generation. The PV-T collector layers were also modelled using the energy transfer equations layer-by-layer. The model was run for several water inlet temperatures and water flow-rates to obtain the thermal performance curve. The results show that the electrical efficiency of the PV-T collector is 14.5–10.3% larger than for a PV-only system for water inlet temperatures of 20–30 °C, respectively. The developed CFD model reproduces accurately the thermal performance of the PV-T collector, with a maximum error of 6.5% for inlet water temperatures of 20–60 °C. Therefore, this model can be used with confidence to propose alternative designs that achieve a homogeneous temperature distribution in the PV layer and improve the overall PV-T collector performance.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Porto-sinusoidal vascular liver disorder (PSVD) is a rare disease that occasionally requires liver transplantation (LT), despite usually presenting preserved liver function. There remains a paucity of data pertaining to LT in PSVD. The aim was to identify features associated with post-LT outcomes in PSVD. METHODS Retrospective multicentre study of 79 patients who received LT for PSVD. RESULTS Median post-LT follow-up was 37 (range 1-261) mo. Refractory ascites 24 (30%), hepatic encephalopathy 16 (20%), and hepatopulmonary syndrome 13 (16.3%) were the most frequent indications for LT. Hepatocellular carcinoma was the indication in only 2 patients. Twenty-four patients died, 7 due to liver and 17 to non-liver related causes. Post-LT survival was 82.2%, 80.7%, and 68.6% at 1, 2, and 5 y, respectively. Post-LT survival was significantly better in patients without (n = 58) than in those with a persistent severe PSVD-associated condition (n = 21). Pre-LT hyperbilirubinemia levels and creatinine >100 µmol/L were also independently associated with poor survival. Six patients (7.6%) required a second LT. Recurrence of PSVD was confirmed by liver biopsy in only 1 patient and in 3 further patients it was likely. CONCLUSIONS LT in PSVD is associated with an acceptable outcome in the absence of associated severe conditions. However, persistence of a severe associated condition, pre-LT high bilirubin levels, or creatinine >100 µmol/L impact outcome, and these are features that should be considered when evaluating PSVD patients for LT. PSVD recurrence is possible after LT and needs to be explored, at least, in cases of posttransplant portal hypertension.

Independientemente de la notificación de sucesos a sistemas generales de notificación y aprendizaje, es necesario contar con un sistema local de notificación y análisis de sucesos. Con estos sistemas locales se pueden analizar los sucesos y diseñar acciones específicas y adaptadas a las formas de trabajo y tecnologías disponibles en cada Servicio. El diseño de estos sistemas locales supone un esfuerzo importante y debe realizarse de forma que sea sencillo notificar y que se registre la información necesaria para el posterior análisis. En este trabajo se presenta el diseño de un sistema de notificación de sucesos local basado en un formulario web, con la estructura de SAFRON y se presentan sus ventajas frente a otras posibles opciones.

La Competencia Digital Docente (CDD) es una necesidad real y pronto una exigencia legal para el profesorado, planteándose como un reto profesional y formativo al que cabe dar la mejor respuesta. La presente contribución analiza el portafolio en general y en formato digital como un instrumento formativo para adquirir la CDD, delimitando su sentido, contenido y aplicación, al mismo tiempo que se comentan los aspectos problemáticos que plantea su utilización. El portafolio digital, también identificado como carpeta de aprendizaje, puede ser un buen instrumento para organizar y reforzar los aprendizajes durante la formación de los docentes, coherente con las demandas de la sociedad del conocimiento, con las nuevas funciones de los profesores y con las exigencias propias de una metodología que defienda el aprender haciendo. Puede también ser el inicio del portafolio profesional, como herramienta que acompañe a los docentes en su desarrollo y progreso profesional, siempre y cuando la mejora de la práctica se vincule a una práctica evaluativa continua y a un proceso reflexivo basado en el análisis de evidencias que la misma aporta. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In order to study seismic soil–tunnel–building interaction in stiff soils, a metro station currently under construction, located near by a 5-story masonry building, was selected as a test site for seismic instrumentation. The site is in Mexico City, in the so-called hill zone, where very cemented sandy silt and silty sands can be found. An arrangement of five accelerometers were deployed, to assess free-field, near-field, and building seismic response. This article presents the results gathered from the seismic instrumentation after recording five low- to high-magnitude earthquakes (i.e. ranging from 4.8 to 7.7 Mw) from both interface and intraplate events. The results clearly indicate that even in low- to medium-magnitude events, the presence of the tunnel leads to peak ground acceleration (PGA) amplification both in the horizontal and vertical components, ground motion incoherence, and spectral accelerations (Sa) amplification at high frequencies. Although Sa amplification is more important for intraplate and interface low- to medium-magnitude events, frequency content modification occurs regardless of the earthquake magnitude. These facts must be accounted for when designing low- to medium-rise structures underlaid or nearby underground infrastructure such as tunnels in highly populated urban areas.

Resumen Los modos de vida marítimos que caracterizaron a los archipiélagos occidentales de Patagonia comenzaron su desarrollo a mediados del Holoceno medio. El registro arqueológico sugiere posibles orígenes tanto en el extremo sur como en el extremo norte del territorio insular. La propuesta de un núcleo ecotonal septentrional de maritización se fundamentó en el hallazgo de sitios con tempranas ocupaciones de especialización litoral, entre los que destacó el conchal de Puente Quilo-1. Este artículo presenta resultados de nuevas excavaciones realizadas con el objeto de precisar su cronología, historia ocupacional y relevancia en la comprensión del proceso de maritización y colonización de los archipiélagos. A través de su integración con investigaciones previas en el sitio, los nuevos datos muestran una secuencia de reocupación estrechamente ligada a cambios en el paisaje producto de la variación en los niveles marinos, y caracterizan un campamento con diversidad funcional y diferenciación de áreas de actividad, inserto en un contexto de expansión regional de grupos cazadores-recolectores marinos. Los atributos culturales y su cronología permiten robustecer la hipótesis de un núcleo de maritización en el norte de la franja archipelágica.

The Creative Citizenship project was founded to promote critical, ethical, and creative thinking in early childhood, and to recognize and encourage children as social actors and peacebuilders. In concert with the methodology of North American philosopher Matthew Lipman's Philosophy for Children (P4C), Creative Citizenship seeks to promote in children the ability to think critically, ethically, and creatively in and from their own realities, and to exercise multidimensional thinking skills in the various areas of their daily lives. The research documented here adopted a qualitative approach in so far as it sought to inquire about the character of those relationships, particularly among boys and girls, that promote their identity as social agents. As such, it examined training processes and generated theoretical perspectives in the interest of promoting social transformation through the empowerment of multidimensional thinking. The article begins with a review of the concept of Creative Citizenship and ends with that of Peacebuilding. Three theoretical categories have been applied in order to situate the inquiry within the framework of the realities of childhood, and to chart the pedagogical interventions by adults that occurred throughout the implementation of the project. The first focuses on the development of children’s thinking per se, the second on children's capacities for creative problem-solving in social environments, and the third on the concept of peacebuilding as a commitment to practicing philosophical dialogue among children, which is understood as a form of discourse that builds the capacities of citizens to undertake individual and collective actions that allow them, in turn, to create and re-create scenarios of peaceful coexistence.

Introduction: Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders. These symptoms cause functional limitations in occupational performance. This study aimed to describe the difficulties in self-care, productivity, and leisure activities and to analyze the patients’ own perception and satisfaction and the association with sex, age, disability, HD severity, and quality of life. Method: We conducted an observational, retrospective study in 38 patients with HD without cognitive impairment at the Burgos University Hospital. We assessed occupational performance, quality of life, and HD severity with the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, Short-Form Health Survey 12, Unified Huntington’s Disease Rating Scale, Total Functional Capacity, and the Problems Behavior Assessment. Results: One hundred sixty-five occupations (median 4, range 2–7) were categorized as self-care (50.90%), leisure (30.30%), and productivity (18.79%). Patients reported a higher degree of satisfaction with the activities prioritized than with the degree of performance. Elderly HD patients reported more satisfaction in leisure and women in self-care. Self-ratings of satisfaction in productivity were associated with higher levels of mental wellbeing. Conclusions: HD patients have problems with their daily life occupations, particularly with self-care. This underlines the need for assessment tools that capture the complexity of occupations.

[EN] Background and Aims: Recent studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction promotes progression to NASH by aggravating the gut-liver status. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Herein, we hypothesized that enhanced mitochondrial activity might reshape a specific microbiota signature that, when transferred to germ-free (GF) mice, could delay NASH progression. Approach and Results: Wild-type and methylation-controlled J protein knockout (MCJ-KO) mice were fed for 6 weeks with either control or a choline-deficient, L-amino acid–defined, high-fat diet (CDA-HFD). One mouse of each group acted as a donor of cecal microbiota to GF mice, who also underwent the CDA-HFD model for 3 weeks. Hepatic injury, intestinal barrier, gut microbiome, and the associated fecal metabolome were then studied. Following 6 weeks of CDA-HFD, the absence of methylation-controlled J protein, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I activity, reduced hepatic injury and improved gut-liver axis in an aggressive NASH dietary model. This effect was transferred to GF mice through cecal microbiota transplantation. We suggest that the specific microbiota profile of MCJ-KO, characterized by an increase in the fecal relative abundance of Dorea and Oscillospira genera and a reduction in AF12, Allboaculum, and [Ruminococcus], exerted protective actions through enhancing short-chain fatty acids, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) metabolism, and sirtuin activity, subsequently increasing fatty acid oxidation in GF mice. Importantly, we identified Dorea genus as one of the main modulators of this microbiota-dependent protective phenotype. Conclusions: Overall, we provide evidence for the relevance of mitochondria–microbiota interplay during NASH and that targeting it could be a valuable therapeutic approach. SI Publicación en abierto financiada por el Consorcio de Bibliotecas Universitarias de Castilla y León (BUCLE), con cargo al Programa Operativo 2014ES16RFOP009 FEDER 2014-2020 DE CASTILLA Y LEÓN, Actuación:20007-CL - Apoyo Consorcio BUCLE

La diástasis de los músculos rectos abdominales se describe comúnmente como una separación anormalmente amplia de los músculos rectos, que si bien, esta distancia se ha señalado igual o mayor a 2 cm como patológica, aún hoy en día no existe un consenso para definirla, existiendo varias clasificaciones que toman en cuenta mediciones a distintos niveles de la línea media del abdomen. La diástasis de rectos además de congénita puede ser condicionada por situaciones que aumentan la presión intrabdominal, como en el embarazo, la obesidad, etc. El tratamiento para corregirla, de ser requerida, es quirúrgico y existen diferentes técnicas mediante cirugía abierta o laparoscópica. La cirugía puede ser realizada en un mismo tiempo quirúrgico con procedimientos de hernioplastía, incluso con cirugía plástica y reconstructiva. En este artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de la definición, clasificación y tratamiento de la diástasis de rectos. Palabras clave: Diástasis de rectos, clasificación, tratamiento.

This article offers a reinterpretation of Quevedo’s sonnet “Miré los muros de la patria mía” based on the analysis of the textual mechanisms used by the poet to configure a unique poetic space. Starting off from one of the most recent works on this poem, which proposes its interpretation as an example of the poetry of ruins, I will try to demonstrate that Quevedo’s sonnet could be read as well within an interpretive framework that privileges the poem’s phenomenological aspects. From this perspective, “Miré los muros de la patria mía” makes a distinctive poetic proposal: an itinerant and spatial experience which ultimately looks for the reader’s involvement.

This article examines the relative employment situation of female employees from a novel perspective based on the construction of multidimensional indicators of employment precariousness that allow examining its scale and nature. The evidence obtained for Spain shows that both the intensity and incidence of precarious employment are significantly higher for women, to the point that half of the women are multidimensionally precarious (with an incidence which is 40% higher than that of men) and precarious females simultaneously suffer on average from nearly three deficiencies in their jobs. Although female employment precariousness is highly persistent over time, it also exhibits significant oscillations plausibly linked to changes in the economy's cyclical position and in labour market regulations. Moreover, it exhibits a great heterogeneity by subgroups (it has even an extreme nature for certain subgroups of females) and by individuals (25% of women suffer between three and six job deficiencies, which compares with 24% of women having jobs without any type of deficiency). Finally, although the greater labour precariousness of women is largely explained by their observed characteristics, particularly by their greater presence in part-time jobs, women still have a greater probability of being precarious than observationally similar men. This work was supported by the Department of Innovation, Universities, Science and Digital Society of the Comunidad Valenciana, Agencia Estatal de Investigación, (grant number AICO/2021/062, PID2020-114896RB-I00) and by the Ministry of Science and Innovation (project number PID2020-118355RB-I00).

Se presenta un estudio cuyo objetivo es evaluar el nivel de aprendizaje profundo metacognitivo y autodeterminado en relación con el rendimiento académico, de los alumnos de 1º de Grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, en la asignatura de Procesos de Enseñanza Aprendizaje, en el curso 2019-2020. Tres han sido los cuestionarios utilizados: el Cuestionario de procesos de estudio de dos factores revisado (R-SPQ-2F) de Biggs et al., (2001) traducido al español por Recio y Cabrero (2005); la versión en español (Matos, 2009), el Cuestionario de Clima de Aprendizaje Autodeterminado de Williams y Deci (1996), en su versión traducida y adaptada al castellano por Matos (2009), y el Cuestionario de Estrategias Metacognitivas de O´Neil y Abedi (1996), en la versión traducida y adaptada por Vallejos et al., (2012). Los resultados hallados muestran relaciones estadísticamente significativas tanto entre las variables del enfoque de aprendizaje profundo, clima de aprendizaje autodeterminado y metacognición, estrechamente ligadas con el rendimiento académico, independientemente de la procedencia de los estudiantes, Bachillerato o de Ciclo de Grado Superior (CGS). Se hallan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el modo de aprender de los estudiantes según su procedencia. Se hace un análisis de las implicaciones que debería tener en cuenta la docencia universitaria. Palabras clave: aprendizaje profundo, metaconocimiento, autodeterminación, universidad. Abstract. The present study is focused on assessment the students´ level of metacognitive and self-determined deep learning in relation to academic performance. All participants studied 1st Grade of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, in the subject of Teaching-Learning Processes, in the 2019-2020 academic year. There have been three questionnaires used: the revised Two-Factor Study Process Questionnaire (R-SPQ-2F) by Biggs et al. (2001) translated into Spanish by Recio and Cabrero (2005); the Spanish version (Matos, 2009), the Self-Determined Learning Climate Questionnaire by Williams and Deci (1996), in its version translated and adapted into Spanish by Matos (2009), and the Metacognitive Strategies Questionnaire by O'Neil & Abedi (1996), translated and adapted version by Vallejos et al., (2012). The results found show statistically significant relationships between the variables of the deep learning approach, self-determined learning climate and metacognition, closely linked with academic performance, regardless of the origin of the students, Baccalaureate or Higher Degree Cycle. Statistically significant differences are found between the way of learning of the students according to their origin. An analysis is made of the implications of university teaching. Keywords: Deep learning, metacognition, self-determining learning climate, university.

STUDY QUESTION How well can whole chromosome copy number analysis from a single trophectoderm (TE) biopsy predict true mosaicism configurations in human blastocysts? SUMMARY ANSWER When a single TE biopsy is tested, wide mosaicism thresholds (i.e. 20–80% of aneuploid cells) increase false positive calls compared to more stringent ones (i.e. 30–70% of aneuploid cells) without improving true detection rate, while binary classification (aneuploid/euploid) provides the highest diagnostic accuracy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Next-generation sequencing-based technologies for preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (PGT-A) allow the identification of intermediate chromosome copy number alterations potentially associated with chromosomal mosaicism in TE biopsies. Most validation studies are based on models mimicking mosaicism, e.g. mixtures of cell lines, and cannot be applied to the clinical interpretation of TE biopsy specimens. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The accuracy of different mosaicism diagnostic thresholds was assessed by comparing chromosome copy numbers in multiple samples from each blastocyst. Enrolled embryos were donated for research between June 2019 and September 2020. The Institutional Review Board at the Near East University approved the study (project: YDU/2019/70-849). Embryos showing euploid/aneuploid mosaicism (n = 53), uniform chromosomal alterations (single or multiple) (n = 25), or uniform euploidy (n = 39) in their clinical TE biopsy were disaggregated into five portions: the inner cell mass (ICM) and four TE segments. Collectively, 585 samples from 117 embryos were analysed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Donated blastocysts were warmed, allowed to re-expand, and disaggregated in TE portions and ICM. PGT-A analysis was performed using Ion ReproSeq PGS kit and Ion S5 sequencer (ThermoFisher). Sequencing data were blindly analysed with Ion Reporter software to estimate raw chromosome copy numbers. Intra-blastocyst comparison of copy number data was performed employing different thresholds commonly used for mosaicism detection. From copy number data, different case scenarios were created using more stringent (30–70%) or less stringent criteria (20–80%). Categorical variables were compared using the two-sample z test for proportions. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE When all the five biopsies from the same embryo were analysed with 30–70% thresholds, only 8.4% (n = 14/166) of patterns abnormal in the original analysis revealed a true mosaic configuration, displaying evidence of reciprocal events (3.6%, n = 6/166) or confirmation in additional biopsies (4.8%, n = 8/166), while most mosaic results (87.3% of total predicted mosaic patterns) remained confined to a single TE specimen. Conversely, uniform whole chromosome aneuploidies (28.3% of total patterns, n = 47/166) were confirmed in all subsequent biopsies in 97.9% of cases (n = 46/47). When 20–80% thresholds were employed (instead of 30–70%), the overall mosaicism rate per biopsy increased from 20.2% (n = 114/565) to 40.2% (n = 227/565). However, the use of a wider threshold range did not contribute to the detection of additional true mosaic patterns, while significantly increasing false positive mosaic patterns from 57.8% to 79.5% (n = 96/166; 95% CI = 49.9–65.4 vs n = 271/341; 95% CI = 74.8–83.6, respectively) (P LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION While enrolment of a population enriched in embryos showing intermediate chromosome copy numbers enhanced the evaluation of the mosaicism category compared with random sampling such study population selection is likely to lead to an overall underestimation of PGT-A accuracy compared to a general assessment of unselected clinical samples. This approach involved the analysis of aneuploidy chromosome copy number thresholds at the embryo level; future studies will need to evaluate these criteria in relation to clinical predictive values following embryo transfers for different PGT-A assays. Moreover, the study lacked genotyping-based confirmation analysis. Finally, aneuploid embryos with known meiotic partial deletion/duplication were not included. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Current technologies can detect low-intermediate chromosome copy numbers in preimplantation embryos but their identification is poorly correlated with consistent propagation of the anomaly throughout the embryo or with negative clinical consequences when transferred. Therefore, when a single TE biopsy is analysed, diagnosis of chromosomal mosaicism should be evaluated carefully. Indeed, the use of wider mosaicism thresholds (i.e. 20–80%) should be avoided as it reduces the overall PGT-A diagnostic accuracy by increasing the risk of false positive mosaic classification and false negative aneuploid classification. From a clinical perspective, this approach has negative consequences for patients as it leads to the potential deselection of normal embryos for transfer. Moreover, a proportion of uniform aneuploid embryos may be inaccurately categorized as high-level mosaic, with a consequent negative outcome (i.e. miscarriage) when inadvertently selected for transfer. Clinical outcomes following PGT-A are maximized when a 50% threshold is employed as it offers the most accurate diagnostic approach. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The study was supported by Igenomix. The authors not employed by Igenomix have no conflicts of interest to declare. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.

The quality of polluted wastewater processed by conventional Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) is in some cases insufficient to reach the degree of purity required. Pharmaceuticals are frequently identified in the aquatic environment, owing to their constant release from WWTPs. Thus, in recent years, they are cataloged as pseudo-persistent pollutants having been recognized as potentially harmful to public health and environmental concern. This work has focused on the removal of 3 antihypertensive pharmaceuticals (furosemide, irbesartan, and valsartan) from aqueous waste solutions using a sequential biological-photocatalytic (TiO2/Na2S2O8) treatment under natural sunlight. Pharmaceutical residues were isolated from water by solid phase extraction (SPE) and analyzed by HPLC-QqQ-MS2. Biodegradation was greater than 65% and 70% for irbesartan and furosemide, respectively, while valsartan was highly biodegradable (> 96%). Next, photocatalytic treatment was applied and just 200 kJ m-2 was required to remove 90 % of micropollutants residues from the effluent. Therefore, the coupling of biological treatment to solar heterogeneous photocatalysis constitutes a valuable instrument to detoxify polluted wastewater.

Abstract This study determined the carriage rates and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of enterococci from nasotracheal samples of three healthy animal species and in-contact humans. Nasal samples were collected from 27 dog-owning households (34 dogs, 41 humans) and 4 pig-farms (40 pigs, 10 pig-farmers), and they were processed for enterococci recovery (MALDI-TOF–MS identification). Also, a collection of 144 enterococci previously recovered of tracheal/nasal samples from 87 white stork nestlings were characterized. The AMR phenotypes were determined in all enterococci and AMR genes were studied by PCR/sequencing. MultiLocus-Sequence-Typing was performed for selected isolates. About 72.5% and 60% of the pigs and pig-farmers, and 29.4% and 4.9%, of healthy dogs and owners were enterococci nasal carriers, respectively. In storks, 43.5% of tracheal and 69.2% of nasal samples had enterococci carriages. Enterococci carrying multidrug-resistance phenotype was identified in 72.5%/40.0%/50.0%/23.5%/1.1% of pigs/pig-farmers/dogs/dogs’ owners/storks, respectively. Of special relevance was the detection of linezolid-resistant enterococci (LRE) in (a) 33.3% of pigs (E. faecalis-carrying optrA and/or cfrD of ST59, ST330 or ST474 lineages; E. casseliflavus-carrying optrA and cfrD); (b) 10% of pig farmers (E. faecalis-ST330-carrying optrA); (c) 2.9% of dogs (E. faecalis-ST585-carrying optrA); and (d) 1.7% of storks (E. faecium-ST1736-carrying poxtA). The fexA gene was found in all optrA-positive E. faecalis and E. casseliflavus isolates, while fexB was detected in the poxtA-positive E. faecium isolate. The enterococci diversity and AMR rates from the four hosts reflect differences in antimicrobial selection pressure. The detection of LRE carrying acquired and transferable genes in all the hosts emphasizes the need to monitor LRE using a One-Health approach.

Las referencias a Whitehead ocupan un espacio relativamente breve en el conjunto de la obra de Gilles Deleuze, tan prolífica en su diálogo con otros autores. A pesar de ello nos ha parecido observar que la contribución de Whitehead al proyecto filosófico de Deleuze es crucial, y que la comprensión de la obra de este último se ilumina y enriquece con la lectura del primero. Este artículo intenta determinar hasta qué punto algunas de las principales nociones filosóficas de Deleuze hunden sus raíces en la filosofía del proceso elaborada por Whitehead.

Dopamine 1 is involved in neurodegenerative disorders affect-ing the central nervous system (CNS), such as Parkinson’s disease. Despite the absence of some available drugs capable of preventing, stopping or curing the progression of such diseases, there are numerous compounds designed, synthesized, and pharmacologically tested which give rise to pharmacophoric generalizations about the dopaminergic receptor required for the search of a drug able to improve or cure those pathologies. N-aralkyl-2-aminoindane de-rivatives have shown selective activity in the central dopaminergic system. Both the N-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 2and N-[(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-ethyl]-2-aminoindane hydrochloride 3 showed an agonistic activity mediated by central dopaminergic mechanisms. To contribute to the search of new drugs able to re-establish homeostasis in the dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson’s disease, the compound N-2,6-dichloro-aralkyl-2-aminoindane 4 was designed through medicinal chemistry strategies that contain pharmacophoric approximations of prodrugs. The phar-macological evaluation of compound 4 in the stereotyped behavior of male Sprague Dawley rats showed agonistic activity through the activation of central dopaminergic mechanisms and a higher selectivity in the responses of stereo-typed behavior characteristic of the basal ganglia over the typical responses from limbic structures.

Introducción: El Estado Ecuatoriano persigue que el sistema de justicia se apegue cada vez más a la realidad social, poniendo los límites a su potestad sancionadora, justificado por el respeto al debido proceso como eje regulador del sistema procesal. En tanto, el derecho penal busca regular aquel poder punitivo, enmarcado en el análisis minucioso de la infracción, del justiciable y del reproche social. Objetivo: Analizar la intervención mínima penal y su incidencia en el desarrollo del proceso penal frente al poder punitivo del Estado. Metodología: En la metodología aplicada se acudió al escrutinio crítico, bibliográfico-documental, se aplicó la técnica descriptiva y el diseño no-experimental, acompañado de los métodos analítico-argumentativo e inductivo-deductivo. Para la recaudación de referencias se manipularon plataformas de información como: Scopus, Google Académico, Redalyc y Scielo. Resultados: La potestad frente al delito debe fundarse en un engranaje de requisitos y justificaciones como lo es la intervención mínima penal, considerada como aquella primicia que limita la potestad sancionadora que conjetura una necesidad social del quebrantamiento del ordenamiento jurídico. Conclusiones: Se instituye la categoría que funda la aplicación adecuada y oportuna de aquel principio procesal de injerencia exigua penal para regular el imperio de castigo del estado, concluyendo que constituye aquella respuesta oportuna para regular el avance o abuso desmedido de la potestad sancionadora estatal frente al justiciable.

COVID-19; Hepatitis B; Tenofovir COVID-19; Hepatitis B; Tenofovir COVID-19; Hepatitis B; Tenofovir Background and Aims HIV-positive patients on tenofovir hydroxyl fumarate (TDF)/emtricitabine have a lower risk of COVID-19 and hospitalization than those given other treatments. Our aim was to analyze the severity of COVID-19 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on TDF or entecavir (ETV). Methods Spanish hospital databases (n = 28) including information regarding adult CHB patients on TDF or ETV for the period February 1st to November 30th 2020 were searched for COVID-19, defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction, and for severe COVID-19. Results Of 4736 patients, 117 had COVID-19 (2.5%), 67 on TDF and 50 on ETV. Compared to patients on TDF, those on ETV showed (p

Florentino Ameghino’s works were fundamental for archeology in Argentina. His first collections were shown in the book La antigüedad del hombre en el Plata {Antiquity of Man in the La Plata Basin} (1880–1881), a synthesis of the previous prehistoric studies whose purpose was arguing in favor of an ancient antiquity of the human occupation in the Argentine Pampas, which granted his archeological investigations international recognition. In this article, we present the first results of a comprehensive study on the aforementioned collection, which is currently in the Archeology Division of the La Plata Museum. We identified the pieces based on the published images, we analyzed the lithic and ceramic artifacts and bone remains, and we contextualized the information on the archeological sites from which they came. We recognized the importance of the collection for this investigation and for its conservation, acknowledging work practices related to the identification, classification and communication processes of the materials in the early days of this discipline. The revision of this museum collection shows the constructive nature of the cultural heritage, reflecting on the subjects, wisdoms, and actions that take part in their furtherance throughout time.

Resumen La hidatidosis es una zoonosis causada por la larva del cestodo Echinococcus granulosus. La afectacion cerebral en el ser humano es inusual, solo en el 1-2% de los casos se observa compromiso encefalico. Este cuadro se presenta fundamentalmente en poblacion pediatrica y se caracteriza por la presencia de quistes unicos y uniloculares. A continuacion, se presenta el caso de una paciente de 29 anos que acude a urgencias por una cefalea invalidante de varias semanas de evolucion. El estudio cerebral mediante imagen, revela la presencia de una masa de origen desconocido, siendo el diagnostico final de quiste hidatidico bilobulado. A proposito de este caso, se revisaran los aspectos clinico-epidemiologicos, los diagnosticos y los tratamientos de la hidatidosis cerebral.

MENOZZI, Daniele, De Cristo Rey a la ciudad de los hombres. Catolicismo y política en el siglo XX. Zaragoza, Prensas Universitarias de Zaragoza, 2022, 259 pp.

Introducción. El estrés laboral significó un riesgo importante para la presencia de alteraciones de salud mental en trabajadores de salud, durante la pandemia de Coronavirus 2019. Objetivo. Determinar la relación del nivel de estrés laboral y salud mental en el personal asignado en primera línea de atención contra el COVID-19. Metodología. Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en las áreas de emergencias y hospitalización del Hospital Nacional San Juan de Dios de San Miguel, de septiembre a diciembre de 2020. Participaron en total 121 trabajadores. Se utilizaron las escalas de estrés laboral de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo y la escala de Goldberg abreviada. El análisis de correlación de variables se realizó por el coeficiente de Spearman. Resultados. El 59,5 % de los estudiados son mujeres y el 44,6 % era personal de enfermería. El 89,3 % tenía bajo nivel de estrés y 79,3 % nivel intermedio de alteración en salud mental con predominio de ansiedad (51,2 %), sobre depresión (8,3 %) en enfermeras y personal de servicios generales entre 21 a 40 años. El análisis de la correlación Spearman determinó una correlación positiva entre el estrés laboral y la presencia de alteración de salud mental (R2 0,218; p = 0,016) en el personal de primera línea. Conclusión. El estudio demostró un nivel de estrés laboral bajo e intermedio en salud mental; con relación positiva, lo que significa que el aumento de estrés puede favorecer la presencia de alteraciones al estado de salud mental del trabajador.

11 Pág. Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA), Mucosal surfaces constitute the main route of entry of pathogens into the host. In fish, these mucosal tissues include, among others, the gastrointestinal tract, the gills and the skin. However, knowledge about the mechanisms of regulation of immunity in these tissues is still scarce, being essential to generate a solid base that allows the development of prevention strategies against these infectious agents. In this work, we have used the RTgutGC and RTgill-W1 epithelial-like cell lines, derived from the gastrointestinal tract and the gill of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), respectively, to investigate the transcriptional response of mucosal epithelial cells to a viral mimic, the dsRNA poly I:C, as well as to two important viral rainbow trout pathogens, namely viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV). Additionally, we have established how the exposure to poly I:C affected the susceptibility of RTgutGC and RTgill-W1 cells to both viruses. Our results reveal important differences in the way these two cell lines respond to viral stimuli, providing interesting information on these cell lines that have emerged in the past years as useful tools to study mucosal responses in fish., The authors want to thank Dr. Niels Bols (University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada) for kindly donating the RTgutGC and the RTgill-W1 cell lines. This work was supported by the European Research Council (ERC Consolidator Grant 2016 725061 TEMUBLYM) and by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement number 731014 (VetBioNet project).

En el Ejército del Perú, como en otras instituciones, se menciona constantemente el término resiliencia, entendida como la capacidad que tiene cada ser humano para recuperarse de situaciones complejas o peligrosas, y avanzar en búsqueda de resultados positivos. Los militares, dado su estilo de trabajo, están expuestos a constantes riesgos, los cuales pueden generarles daños físicos y mentales. Sin embargo, por su misma formación, el personal militar -normalmente- tiene la capacidad de superar estas adversidades, demostrando resiliencia. En ese sentido, en este artículo se analiza el concepto de resiliencia, así como los programas de desarrollo de resiliencia existentes en las Fuerzas Armadas de los Estados Unidos y del Reino Unido, a fin de comprender su importancia, alcance e impacto. Finalmente, se brindan algunas recomendaciones para la implementación de programas similares en el Ejército del Perú.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal analizar el papel que tuvieron los servicios diplomáticos españoles durante la gira que realizó el Real Madrid por Sudáfrica en septiembre de 1964. Al mismo tiempo, esta investigación también plantea dos objetivos específicos: el primero aborda el impacto que la visita del club tuvo en este país, y el segundo estudia el papel que desempeñó esta entidad deportiva dentro de la política exterior del franquismo. A través de la documentación del Ministerio de Asuntos Exteriores conservada en el Archivo General de la Administración, se ha podido demostrar el estrecho seguimiento que dicho organismo realizó de esta gira internacional.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar una reflexión sobre las condiciones, necesidades y alianzas que dieron origen al grupo Género y Matemáticas, y sobre las principales metodologías que han permitido construir una mirada crítica hacia el binomio género y matemáticas. Por ende, analizamos los principales momentos y proyectos que ayudaron a fortalecer la línea de investigación, y las diferentes oportunidades que han surgido para la intervención dentro del sistema educativo, así como sus frutos y prospectivas.

Las lesiones metastásicas representan hasta un 3 % de los tumores malignos de la glándula tiroides. La mayoría de los casos se originan de tumores de células renales y de pulmón. El abordaje diagnóstico implica una alta sospecha clínica en pacientes con primarios conocidos, sin embargo, puede ser la manifestación inicial de una enfermedad maligna extensa no diagnosticada hasta en un 20 % a 40 % de los pacientes. La biopsia por aguja fina ha demostrado buen rendimiento para el diagnóstico de los nódulos metastásicos. El pronóstico y la opción del tratamiento quirúrgico dependen del control local del primario y del estado de la enfermedad sistémica asociada, por lo tanto, debe ser individualizado. Por lo general, hasta un 80 % de los pacientes con compromiso de la tiroides tienen enfermedad metastásica multiorgánica, y la intención del tratamiento quirúrgico es con fines paliativos para prevenir las complicaciones derivadas de la extensión local de la enfermedad a las estructuras del tracto aerodigestivo superior en el cuello. Se presenta a continuación, una serie de seis casos de pacientes con lesiones metastásicas a glándula tiroides con primarios en riñón, mama y de melanomas.

Objetivo. Describir el proceso de diseño de Vida Saludable, un nuevo programa de estudios para la educación básica en México. Material y métodos. Se conformó un equipo de trabajo entre especialistas en salud y la Secretaría de Educación Pública. Se establecieron las bases científicas de Vida Saludable, se seleccionaron y evaluaron materiales para Vida Saludable, y se revisaron contenidos vigentes de salud incluidos en otras asignaturas. Resultados. Alimentación, actividad física e higiene y limpieza fueron definidos como los tres ejes temáticos para Vida Saludable. Se aprobaron 3 de 228 insumos para usarse en Vida Saludable y 71.7% de los con­tenidos vigentes en educación básica sobre salud requieren ediciones. Conclusiones. Vida Saludable es un parteaguas hacia la alfabetización en materia de salud en educación básica en México, que se alinea con la agenda global para preservar la salud humana y planetaria.

Objetivo. Describir el proceso para diseñar una estrategia de comunicación con el fin de promover el uso del etiqueta­do frontal de advertencia (EFA) y la selección de alimentos saludables en niños, niñas y adolescentes (NNA) mexicanos. Material y métodos. Estudio de cuatro fases con esco­lares, adolescentes y cuidadores: 1) investigación formativa (18 grupos focales, n= 179); 2) talleres de cocreación con NNA (n= 33); 3) diseño de la estrategia, con base en el modelo de comportamiento COM-B; y 4) prueba piloto (seis grupos focales, n= 52). Resultados. La estrategia de comunicación debería mejorar la comprensión del EFA y los conocimientos sobre la relación de los ingredientes críticos (calorías, grasas saturadas, grasas trans, sodio, edulcorantes y cafeína) y la enfermedad; asimismo, debería resaltar las consecuencias positivas de una alimentación saludable y las negativas del consumo excesivo de alimentos con sellos, así como destacar que los alimentos naturales tienen un menor costo y mejor calidad que los alimentos con sellos; se deben ofrecer sugerencias de preparaciones atractivas y saludables con alimentos naturales. Conclusión. La investigación formativa y la participación de NNA en la creación de la campaña fueron esenciales para diseñar una estrategia cultu­ralmente pertinente con potencial de impacto. El proceso y los resultados del estudio podrían informar sobre esfuerzos en contextos parecidos al de México.

The state of alarm was declared in Spain due to the COVID-19 epidemic on March 14, 2020, and established population confinement measures. The objective is to describe the process of lifting these mitigation measures.The Plan for the Transition to a New Normality, approved on April 28, contained four sequential phases with progressive increase in socio-economic activities and population mobility. In parallel, a new strategy for early diagnosis, surveillance and control was implemented. A bilateral decision mechanism was established between the Spanish Government and the autonomous communities (AC), guided by a set of qualitative and quantitative indicators capturing the epidemiological situation and core capacities. The territorial units were established ad-hoc and could be from Basic Health Zones to entire AC.The process run from May 4 to June 21, 2020. AC implemented plans for reinforcement of core capacities. Incidence decreased from a median (50% of territories) of 7.4 per 100,000 in 7 days at the beginning to 2.5 at the end. Median PCR testing increased from 53% to 89% of suspected cases and PCR total capacity from 4.5 to 9.8 per 1000 inhabitants weekly; positivity rate decreased from 3.5% to 1.8%. Median proportion of cases with traced contacts increased from 82% to 100%.Systematic data collection, analysis, and interterritorial dialogue allowed adequate process control. The epidemiological situation improved but, mostly, the process entailed a great reinforcement of core response capacities nation-wide, under common criteria. Maintaining and further reinforcing capacities remained crucial for responding to future waves.El 14 de marzo de 2020 España declaró el estado de alarma por la pandemia por COVID-19 incluyendo medidas de confinamiento. El objetivo es describir el proceso de desescalada de estas medidas.Un plan de transición hacia una nueva normalidad, del 28 de abril, incluía 4 fases secuenciales incrementando progresivamente las actividades socioeconómicas y la movilidad. Concomitantemente, se implementó una nueva estrategia de diagnóstico precoz, vigilancia y control. Se estableció un mecanismo de decisión bilateral entre Gobierno central y comunidades autónomas (CCAA), guiado por un panel de indicadores cualitativos y cuantitativos de la situación epidemiológica y las capacidades básicas. Las unidades territoriales evaluadas comprendían desde zonas básicas de salud hasta CCAA.El proceso se extendió del 4 de mayo al 21 de junio y se asoció a planes de refuerzo de las capacidades en las CCAA. La incidencia disminuyó de una mediana inicial de 7,4 por 100.000 en 7 días a 2,5 al final del proceso. La mediana de pruebas PCR aumentó del 53% al 89% de los casos sospechosos, y la capacidad total de 4,5 a 9,8 pruebas semanales por 1.000 habitantes; la positividad disminuyó del 3,5% al 1,8%. La mediana de casos con contactos trazados aumentó del 82% al 100%.La recogida y análisis sistemático de información y el diálogo interterritorial logaron un adecuado control del proceso. La situación epidemiológica mejoró, pero sobre todo, se aumentaron las capacidades, en todo el país y con criterios comunes, cuyo mantenimiento y refuerzo fue clave en olas sucesivas.