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International audience; This letter presents a new type of E-band vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs)-based air-filled waveguide (AFWG). This original concept is based on the use of bundle of VACNTs as equivalent WG’s metallic lateral walls. The WG is designed by applying a full-wave three dimensions electromagnetic software and an equivalent VACNTs bulk model. Then, the WG is fabricated using a CMOS compatible CNTs transfer process and a dedicated assembly process. For the first time, the concept of the CNTs-based AFWG is validated by measurements, and an experimental attenuation constant is estimated at 0.5 dB/mm between 81 and 86 GHz.

The intensity of radiation scatter that emanates from the X-ray beam during fluoroscopically guided interventions is greater below the fluoroscopy table than above. Yet interventionalists' lower legs are typically unshielded and table skirts are often positioned incorrectly. We sought to characterize the efficacy of the leg protector wraps (Leg Wraps, Burlington Medical Inc.) in reducing the radiation dose to the operator's lower leg during fenestrated and branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F-BEVAR).A prospective cohort study was performed evaluating the lower leg radiation dose reduction of one vascular surgeon during F/BEVAR using antimony/bismuth Enviro-Lite leg wraps (0.35 mm lead equivalency, 99.7% attenuation at 50 kVp; Burlington Medical, Hampton Roads, Virginia). Optically Stimulated Luminescence nanoDot detectors (microSTARii System, LANDAUER, Inc., Glenwood, Illinois) were placed over and under the left leg wrap at the anterior tibial tuberosity position to compare operator leg dose with and without this additional protection. The table-mounted lead skirt was used consistently in all cases. The nanoDot detectors were cross-calibrated with a survey meter (RaySafe X2 survey sensor, Fluke Biomedical, Cleveland, Ohio) by measuring scattered radiation at a position equivalent to an operator's mid-tibia while performing digital acquisitions of a 25-cm thick, 30 cm × 30 cm acrylic phantom with a Philips FD20 fluoroscope (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) with the table skirt removed. The measured radiation doses were converted to a Hp (0.07) skin dose, assuming an RQR6 beam spectrum (IEC-61267). Paired Wilcoxon test was performed to identify significant attenuation of radiation exposure.Leg dose measurements from 40 F-BEVARs were analyzed. The patients had a median (interquartile range) body mass index of 27 (24-32) kg/mThe 0.35-mm lead-equivalent leg wraps significantly decreased scattered radiation to the lower leg during F-BEVAR. Protective leg wraps should be recommended to operators performing complex fluoroscopically guided procedures.

In this multi-center longitudinal cohort study conducted in Australia and New Zealand, we assessed the trajectories of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) over time. A total of 377 children (aged 6-18 years) with CKD stages 1-5 (pre-dialysis), dialysis, or transplant, were followed biennially for four years. Multi Attribute Utility (MAU) scores of HRQoL were measured at baseline and at two and four years using the McMaster Health Utilities Index Mark 3 tool, a generic multi-attribute, preference-based system. A multivariable linear mixed model was used to assess the trajectories of HRQoL over time in 199 children with CKD stage 1-5, 43 children receiving dialysis and 135 kidney transplant recipients. An interaction between CKD stage at baseline and follow-up time indicated that the slopes of the HRQoL scores differed between children by CKD stage at inception. Over half of the cohort on dialysis at baseline had received a kidney transplant by the end of year four and the MAU scores of these children increased by a meaningful amount averaging 0.05 (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.09) per year in comparison to those who were transplant recipients at baseline. The mean difference between baseline and year two MAU scores was 0.09 (95% confidence interval -0.05, 0.23), (Cohen's d effect size 0.31). Thus, improvement in HRQoL over time of children on dialysis at baseline was likely to have been driven by their transition from dialysis to transplantation. Additionally, children with CKD stage 1-5 and transplant recipients at baseline had no changes in their disease stage or treatment modality and experienced stable HRQoL over time.

Drawing on the resource-based view (RBV) and the dynamic capabilities view (DCV), this study aimed to investigate the mediating role of innovation capability (IC) on the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership (EL) and innovation performance (IP). Survey data were collected from 321 middle-level employees in the SME service industry. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to assess the proposed relationships. The empirical analysis revealed that entrepreneurial leadership impacted innovation performance directly and indirectly through the mediating role of innovation capability. The current research contributes to both RBV and DCV by proposing and empirically testing how entrepreneurial leaders affect innovation performance. The results from this research suggest that service SME managers can play a crucial role in promoting their firms' innovation capabilities, which, in turn, influences the firms' innovation performance. This study emphasizes EL's innovation effectiveness and the triggering process of innovation capability and provides various solutions for firms to demonstrate leadership and innovation practices in responding to uncertain environments.

Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV-1) is a common virus in farmed and wild salmon in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Its regional occurrence in freshwater is far less clear. From 2019 to 2021, tissues of 5619 juvenile anadromous salmon (primarily Atlantic, Chinook, and coho) sampled from 12 commercial and 27 enhancement British Columbia hatcheries during 83 sampling events were screened for PRV-1 prior to seawater entry. More than 2200 (∼40%) were also screened using a Pan-PRV assay targeting all known PRV genotypes. PRV-1 was detected in four coho salmon at two freshwater enhancement facilities and in one Chinook salmon at a commercial facility. Partial (S1 segment) genome sequencing identified detections to be of the PRV-1 subgenotype endemic to the northeastern Pacific. PRV-1 was not detected (5611 individuals; 99.9%) or test results were inconclusive (3 individuals; 0.05%) for all remaining samples screened for PRV-1. PRV-2 and PRV-3 were not detected using the Pan-PRV assay. It is concluded that commercial and enhancement freshwater hatcheries of British Columbia contribute minimally to the prevalence and persistence of PRV-1 in anadromous salmon of the northeastern Pacific, and these hatcheries appear not to have contracted or participated in the distribution of nonendemic forms of PRV in recent years.

India is one of the world’s top remittance recipient countries. However, there is an ongoing debate on whether workers’ remittances serve as a ‘political curse or cure.’ Additionally, remittances influence the domestic labour supply left behind by migrant workers. Our study aims to utilise the ARDL bounds test and Granger causality to examine the long-run and short-run relationship between remittances, institutional quality, and labour supply from 1990 to 2018 in India. The results from the ARDL bounds test indicate a cointegrating relationship when institutional quality is treated as the dependent variable. The Granger causality test further supports unidirectional causality from remittances and labour supply to institutional quality in India. In the short run, findings indicate bidirectional causality between remittances and labour supply. The study contributes to the literature by constructing a composite index for a more accurate measure of institutional quality. Furthermore, the study includes relevant break dates as dummy variables, as it allows for country-specific structural breaks to be considered. Contrary to prior studies, we find no evidence of a public moral hazard problem created by India’s remittances. We argue that inbound remittances improve the well-being of recipients and pressure policymakers for more political accountability and better governance.

Background: Facebook is a well-established social networking platform that is commonly used by medical schools as an educational resource, but there are few studies assessing the roles of a non-academic Facebook page in medical education. Cardiff University uses Facebook primarily as a student support and engagement platform through its ‘C21’ Facebook Page; this study aimed to explore the use of the page by students, as well as their perceptions on the value of the page and the appropriateness of social media use by the medical school. Methods:Authors collected and analyzed C21 Facebook Page usage data to obtain descriptive information on reach, engagement and content. They also distributed an anonymized survey to evaluate and explore users’ interest in, experience of and engagement with the content. Results: Of the 1021 posts on the page in 2019, the highest post-engagement rate occurred in the?Student or Staff News?category (13.5%) and the lowest in?Medical Research News?(3.5%). Survey feedback on the page was overwhelmingly positive (n=89; 84.8%), and respondents reported a high degree of trust (n=95; 90.5%) in the page. Students would like to see more ‘Curriculum Vitae (CV)-building’ Opportunities advertised on the page. Conclusion:The C21 Facebook Page is an important resource in developing community within the medical school and facilitating student engagement with both the C21 course and wider medical opportunities. It is perceived as an appropriate channel of communication between the medical school and students.

Divorce separates not only husband and wife but also parents and children. After the divorce, the role of the mother is identified as the best caregiver for the child. While the father's role is only limited to providing for the child's needs. The question is "whether a mother is the only one with custody rights of a child who has not been mumayiz or is not 12 years old yet? The study was carried out in a descriptive juridical method, with a gender approach, from two things: (1) the normative basis for determining child custody after divorce and (2) determining child custody for the father in a religious court. The findings of this study proved that caring for unmarried children is not the absolute right of a mother. Fathers also have the same rights, even more than a mother. The principle of "the best interest of the child" can be easily enforced by placing the custody rights of the father and mother equally.

Predicting the price of electricity is crucial for the operation of power systems. Short-term electricity price forecasting deals with forecasts from an hour to a day ahead. Hourly-ahead forecasts offer expected prices to market participants before operation hours. This is especially useful for effective bidding strategies where the bidding amount can be reviewed or changed before the operation hours. Nevertheless, many existing models have relatively low prediction accuracy. Furthermore, single prediction models are typically less accurate for different scenarios. Thus, a hybrid model comprising least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) and genetic algorithm (GA) was developed in this work to predict electricity prices with higher accuracy. This model was tested on the Ontario electricity market. The inputs, which were the hourly Ontario electricity price (HOEP) and demand for the previous seven days, as well as 1-h pre-dispatch price (PDP), were optimized by GA to prevent losing potentially important inputs. At the same time, the LSSVM parameters were optimized by GA to obtain accurate forecasts. The hybrid LSSVM-GA model was shown to produce an average mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 8.13% and the structure of this model is less complex compared with other models developed in previous studies. This is due to the fact that only two algorithms were used (LSSVM and GA), with the load and HOEP for the week preceding the forecasting hour as the inputs. Based on the results, it is concluded that the proposed hybrid algorithm is a promising alternative to produce good electricity price forecasts.

International audience; Ulvan is a water-soluble sulfated heteropolysaccharide extracted from the cell walls of the green seaweeds Ulva spp. This polysaccharide is known to induce resistance and protect plants against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi, such as Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), the causal agent of powdery mildew in wheat. We aimed to study the defense mechanisms induced by ulvan against Bgt in susceptible wheat by investigating the defense-related gene expression, enzymes activity, accumulation of phenolic compounds and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the development of Bgt infection structures in vitro and in planta. Symptoms were reduced by 42% in ulvan-treated plants. In vitro, ulvan did not inhibit conidial germination of Bgt but in planta, increased the appressorial germ tubes without haustorium. Ulvan increased the presence of fluorescent papillae and accumulation of H2O2 at the penetration sites of Bgt, as well as the content of phenolic compounds. POX, PAL and LOX activities were stimulated in ulvan-treated plants during the first 48 h after inoculation. However, few of defense-related genes studied were differentially expressed in infected plants after ulvan treatment. By contrast, in non-infected conditions, ulvan up-regulated the expression of genes involved in phenylpropanoid metabolism, i.e. PAL, CHS, COMT, ANS and FLS, genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins, i.e. PR1, PR9, PR15, and LOX during the first 96 h after treatment. This study provides new insights about the multiple ulvan effects on wheat defense responses, and especially the elicitation of the phenylpropanoid pathway leading to phenolic compounds accumulation, which could be involved in cell wall reinforcement.

Malaysia is often regarded as a multi-ethnic nation that inherited a few ethnic groups who were taken as homogeneous unions. Still, the rise of Islamophobia in Western countries has increased the same sentiment among Malaysian non-Muslim Indians, with the HIND RAF protest in 2007 demonstrating their deep concern for religious freedom. This study aims to understand the formation of Islamophobia among Malaysian non-Muslim Indians and their perceptions of Islam. This study employed the focus group method to collect data, thematic analysis to analyze data and purposive sampling to recruit 16 non-Muslim Indian undergraduate students. Intergroup contact theory was used as a framework to understand the mechanism for the formation of Islamophobia. Results showed that although participants from public universities have more contact with Muslim classmates than those from private universities, their knowledge and perception of Islam, as well as the levels of their Islamophobia are quite the same. The results suggest that it is important not only to increase contact between Muslims and non-Muslims in Malaysia but also to increase knowledge of each other’s cultures and religions, because increasing contact without knowledge will only further strengthen the existing prejudice. Through increasing contact and knowledge of both Muslims and non-Muslims, it is believed that the Islamophobia among non-Muslims would be reduced, thus increasing harmony among different ethnic groups.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dasar keputusan hakim atas Putusan Perceraian dengan Pemberian Hak Asuh Anak kepada ayah. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif preskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan negara dan pendekatan kasus. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum menggunakan teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan pengkajian dokumen atau penelitian perpustakaan Hasil pertimbangan hakim dalam memutuskan perkara Pengadilan Agama Bogor dalam pertimbangan hukumnya terhadap perkara Nomor 0915/Pdt.G/2017/PA. Bgr mengenai penetapan hak asuh anak akibat perceraian, adalah bahwa majelis hakim berpendapat dan sejalan dengan kehendak undang-undang tentang perlindungan. anak-anak bahwa kewajiban merawat anak harus didasarkan pada kepentingan anak-anak dan bukan untuk kepentingan orang tua mereka. Sementara itu, dalam pelaksanaan penitipan anak dalam putusan Nomor: 361/K/Ag/2020 di Pengadilan Agama Cibinong dinyatakan gagal dalam pelaksanaannya, karena terdakwa sebagai pihak yang kalah tidak mau menyerahkan NK-nya secara sukarela dan terdakwa juga tidak kooperatif dalam perkara ini. Dalam perkara Junco Nomor: 361/K/Ag/2020, penggugat sebagai pemenang dalam perkara tersebut masih belum mendapatkan haknya sebagai pemegang hak asuh anaknya, sehingga dalam hal ini putusan tersebut bersifat ilusi meskipun eksekusi telah melibatkan pihak yang berwenang

Spray coating technology is an advanced manufacturing process to break the liquid down into small droplets and disperse these droplets uniformly on the target substrate. The nozzle used in this fabrication process rapidly disintegrates the liquid jet at a direction of motion governed mainly by the prevailing airflow pattern in the spray region environment. According to Navier–Stokes energy equation, the fluid and environmental temperature capable of supplying additional energy to the droplet imparted the ejected liquid jet from the nozzles. With a view to understanding the liquid droplet behaviour at elevated temperatures, this study investigates the jet velocity, pressure, and temperature of ethanol at its evaporation temperature of 360 K using commercial CFD software (ANSYS FLUENT 2020). A numerical simulation of a simple nozzle system with a cone angle of 56° and an outlet radius of 0.1966 mm was modelled at 1 bar inlet pressure to study the effect of the environment temperature on the liquid jet. The result from the temperature profile showed that the liquid jet exhibited turbulence or a swirling effect at elevated temperature as the liquid absorbed thermal energy. The liquid jet temperature increased to the maximum temperature of +3K at a liquid jet distance of 10 cm when compared with normal environment temperature. This numerical study showed that environmental conditions such as temperature can impact the liquid jet quality and properties, which are difficult to observe during experimental work. It is expected that the finding from this work would benefit the industries, leading to better spray nozzle design for future coating applications.

The rise in prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) mirrors the obesity epidemic. NAFLD is insidious but may gradually progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. Intervention strategies to ameliorate developmental programming of NAFLD may be more efficacious during critical windows of developmental plasticity.To review the early developmental factors associated with NAFLD.Databases MEDLINEOf 1530 citations identified by electronic search, 420 duplicates were removed. Of the 1110 citations screened from title and abstract, 80 articles were included in the final analysis. Genetic polymorphisms such as patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3 (PNPLA3) and membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain-containing protein 7 (MBOAT7) were associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Familial factors such as maternal obesogenic environment and parental history of hepatic steatosis was associated with offspring NAFLD. Longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding in infancy was associated with a lower risk of developing NAFLD later in life while metabolic dysfunction and/or obesity in adolescence was associated with increased risk of NAFLD. Studies relating to socioeconomic factors and its association with NAFLD reported confounding results.Maternal metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy, being exclusively breastfed for a longer time postnatally, diet and physical activity in childhood and adolescence are potential areas of intervention to decrease risk of NAFLD.

Despite numerous studies investigating competition and/or facilitation for soil water resources in alley-cropping systems (AC), share of water at the early stage of trees establishment in AC has been poorly examined. This work aimed to explore the water share between crops and trees after four years of tree establishment in AC at the Ramecourt block design alley-cropping experimental site. In mid-spring, we injected 300 mL of a 10 % deuterated water at 30, 50 and 100 cm soil depth at 1.5 m distance from a referent tree (alder, hornbeam or wild cherry) in AC, in pure-forest control plot with ryegrass (FC) and in a randomly chosen area in monocrop wheat control (CC) plots. The tracer uptake was monitored by collecting tree leaves and wheat and ryegrass (RG) whole-plant samples every two weeks in labeled and unlabeled area. For deuterium natural abundance analyses, the global mean of δ2H was significantly lower for wheat (- 44 ± 4 ‰) than RG (- 27 ± 6 ‰) and trees (- 20 ± 3 ‰), indicating that the most active sites of water absorption were different between these species. The mean wheat δ2H was 2481 ± 523 ‰, 715 ± 218 ‰, and 133 ± 68 ‰ at 30, 50 and 100 cm labeling depth respectively. It was significantly higher in AC (2883 ± 585 ‰) compared to CC (1131 ± 274 ‰) only at 30 cm labeling depth. For trees, the δ2H of labeled samples remained negative unlike wheat. Particularly in AC, alder and wild cherry presented significant higher δ2H 15 and 45 days after labeling, respectively from 50 and 100 cm labeling depth, compared to unlabeled samples. We concluded that trees and wheat took up their water in upper soil layer but in AC, they favored wheat water absorption in topsoil and were able to flexibly shift their water source from deep layer in case of low water availability in the upper soil layer.

Ganoderic Acid (GA), a major bioactive compound isolated from an oriental medicinal mushroom, i.e. Ganoderma tsugae, has traditionally been found to have significant medicinal properties. As a result of GA's poor solubility in water, formulation poses several challenges. Additionally, the traditional method of administering it via alcohol always results in unfavorable patient side effects. In order to overcome these problems, Ganoderma Tsugae extracts obtained by ethanol extraction were encapsulated in nanodispersions by ultrasonic cavitation and solvent evaporation to maximise bioavailability. Resultant nanodispersions contained Ganoderic acid in a hydrophobic core with a mean particle size of no more than 200 nm and a very narrow particle distribution. An analysis of the interactions between the control variables and the process optimisation was conducted using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Based on the results of the experiment, it was found that the particle size of nanodispersions was influenced by the Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) number and the evaporation temperature. Moreover, the physical stability of micellar systems is generally determined by the organic phase within them. Regarding formulation stability, the zeta average of the nanodispersions remained virtually unchanged in solutions with different pH levels and short-term storage (14 days) at room temperature. Overall, it has been demonstrated that Ganoderic acid nanodispersions can be efficiently generated by combining ultrasound cavitation and solvent evaporation.

Background Bulbar dysfunction is a cardinal feature of ALS with important quality of life and management implications. The objective of this study is the longitudinal evaluation of a large panel imaging metrics pertaining to bulbar dysfunction, encompassing cortical measures, structural and functional cortico-medullary connectivity indices and brainstem metrics. Methods A standardised, multimodal imaging protocol was implemented with clinical and genetic profiling to systematically appraise the biomarker potential of specific metrics. A total of 198 patients with ALS and 108 healthy controls were included. Results Longitudinal analyses revealed progressive structural and functional disconnection between the motor cortex and the brainstem over time. Cortical thickness reduction was an early feature on cross-sectional analyses with limited further progression on longitudinal follow-up. Receiver operating characteristic analyses of the panel of MR metrics confirmed the discriminatory potential of bulbar imaging measures between patients and controls and area-under-the-curve values increased significantly on longitudinal follow-up. C9orf72 carriers exhibited lower brainstem volumes, lower cortico-medullary structural connectivity and faster cortical thinning. Sporadic patients without bulbar symptoms, already exhibit significant brainstem and cortico-medullary connectivity alterations. Discussion Our results indicate that ALS is associated with multi-level integrity change from cortex to brainstem. The demonstration of significant corticobulbar alterations in patients without bulbar symptoms confirms considerable presymptomatic disease burden in sporadic ALS. The systematic assessment of radiological measures in a single-centre academic study helps to appraise the diagnostic and monitoring utility of specific measures for future clinical and clinical trial applications.

PurposeThis study examines the hearing students' attitudes and behaviors towards deaf students in Malaysia using the intergroup contact approach.Design/methodology/approachPurposive sampling was used to recruit 439 hearing students at secondary schools. Hearing students were asked to fill in questionnaires that contained four measurements: contact with deaf people, sources of knowledge about deaf people, attitudes towards deaf people and behaviors toward deaf people. A serial mediation model was proposed to investigate the hypothetical mediating role of knowledge and attitudes toward deaf students in the relationship.FindingsThe results of this study showed that contact frequency is negatively associated with attitudes towards deaf people. However, such a relationship is suppressed, only when knowledge is included as a mediator. In addition, mediation analysis supports that sources of knowledge and attitudes about deaf people mediate the relationship between contact and behaviors toward deaf people. Moreover, the frequency of contact indirectly contributes to behaviors through knowledge and attitudes.Originality/valueThe findings indicate that increasing the contact between hearing and deaf students would improve hearing students' attitudes and behaviors towards deaf students. However, this is only when the contact can improve hearing students' knowledge about deaf people and deafness.

Negara Qatar pada era modern ini merupakan salah satu negara yang kaya karena adanya minyak dan gas bumi sebagai andalan pendapatan negara oleh karena itu salah satunya adalah membebaskan pajak terhadap warganya sebagaimana diketahui di zaman modern sebagaian bessar negara didunia sulit sekali terlepas dalam penarikan pajak kepada warganya. Berbagai macam organisasi untuk negara diikuti sebagai salah satu bukti bahwa Qatar ikut serta ruler of the game nya dunia kemudian penduduknya lebih dari 70% adalah kaum pekerja / imigran dari berbagai negara yang menunjukan bahwa Qatar itu ramah terhadap pendatang. Perkembangan ekonomi baik konvensional yang melesat dengan ekonomi syariah / islam terutama dunia keuangannya menjadi kapitalisasi terbesar di dunia ekonomi islam, diantaranya dengan mengekspor permodalan keluar negeri. Adanya panduan yang jelas dari negara dalam pengembangan negara menggunakan 4 pilar yaitu perkembangan manusia, perkembangan sosial, Pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengembangan lingkungan sebagai acuan yang jelas dan terstruktur selain itu juga hukum syariat islam dibelakukan di negara ini.

To provide an update on insights into the effectiveness of the green environment and forest on the mental health of city dwellers; and the role of mental health professionals in advocating green restorative therapies.The studies reviewed in this paper confirmed the mental health benefits on individuals who engaged in the green environment and forest. Results of studies showed that the participants reported significantly higher positive effects. However, it is difficult to compare studies because of marked differences in methodology and often lack of biological markers. With the recent global concern about climate warming, mental health professionals have a critical role to influence city planners on the importance of the green environment and the forest. In Singapore, the 'Therapeutic Garden' project and 'Therapeutic Rainforest' program are examples of mental health professionals working with government agencies for a 'city in nature'.The benefits of the green environment and forest are emphasized especially on the psychological well being. In the light of the danger of climate warming, this review highlights the need for city planners to collaborate with mental health professionals to incorporate high-quality green spaces when planning the city of the future. There is an urgent need for better consultation between health agencies and local city government to create an appealing and diverse green environment within the city.

International audience; The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of the laminarin-based formulation Vacciplant to protect and induce resistance in wheat against Zymoseptoria tritici, a major pathogen on this crop. Under greenhouse conditions, a single foliar spraying of the product 2 days before inoculation with Z. tritici reduced disease severity and pycnidium density by 42 and 45%, respectively. Vacciplant exhibited a direct antifungal activity on Z. tritici conidial germination both in vitro and in planta. Moreover, it reduced in planta substomatal colonization as well as pycnidium formation on treated leaves. Molecular investigations revealed that Vacciplant elicits but did not prime the expression of several wheat genes related to defense pathways, including phenylpropanoids (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase), octadecanoids (lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase), and pathogenesis‐related proteins (β‐1,3‐endoglucanase and chitinase). By contrast, it did not modulate the expression of oxalate oxidase gene involved in the reactive oxygen species metabolism. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis indicated limited changes in leaf metabolome after product application in both noninoculated and inoculated conditions, suggesting a low metabolic cost associated with induction of plant resistance. This study provides evidence that the laminarin-based formulation confers protection to wheat against Z. tritici through direct antifungal activity and elicitation of plant defense-associated genes.

Background Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is known precursor of oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Early EAC includes T1a (invasion into mucosa) and T1b (invasion into submucosa but not muscularis propria). Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) provides accurate histological staging and definitive treatment for early EAC. Post EMR, the remaining Barrett's is eradicated with radiofrequency ablation (RFA). However, there is a paucity of long-term Australian data. Aims To investigate the efficacy and long-term outcomes of EMR and RFA in management of early EAC. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients early EAC treated endoscopically at three Western Australian tertiary centres, with at least 12-months follow-up, over last 10-years. Results Sixty-seven patients with early EAC (61 T1a and 6 T1b) were treated with EMR. Complete Barrett's eradication was done by EMR in 31/67 patients whereas 36/67 patients underwent RFA for residual Barrett's. EMR changed pinch biopsy histology from HGD (n=33), HGD suspicious for IMC (n=5) and LGD (n=1) to early EAC in 58.2% (n=39) patients. During a mean follow-up of 37.2 months (IQR 20, 56), complete remission of dysplasia (CRD) and intestinal metaplasia (CRIM) was seen in 97% (n=65) and 89.5% (n=60) patients. One patient with T1b EAC underwent oesophagectomy. No cases developed metachronous EAC, progression to invasive adenocarcinoma or development of nodal/distant metastasis. Complications were endoscopically treated haematemesis (n=1) and strictures (n=16) requiring dilatations. 3 patients died due to causes unrelated to IMC. Conclusion EMR in conjunction with RFA is an effective and safe management for early EAC. EMR provides accurate staging and has low complication rates. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Tujuan_ Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai bagaimana kondisi ekonomi di kecamatan cibitung dan di provinsi banten, ,bagaimana keadaan sector-sektor atau indikator ekonomi di kecamatan cibitung, serta bagaimana peran pemerintah kabupaten pandeglang terhadap maslah indicator ekonomi di desa desa yang tertinggal.Desain/Metode_Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi kasus kualitatif, yang digunakan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai permasalahan yang dirumuskan penulis. dengan proses observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang tinggal di desa-desa tertinggal di kecamatan cibitung kabupaten pandeglang provinsi banten.Temuan_ Dari hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh informasi tentang bagaimana kondisi ekonomi di kecamatan cibitung dan di provinsi banten ,bagaimana keadaan sector-sektor atau indikator ekonomi di kecamatan cibitung, serta bagaimana peran pemerintah kabupaten pandeglang terhadap masalah indicator ekonomi di desa desa yang tertinggal.Implikasi_Untuk mengatasi masalah pertumbuhan ekonomi didesa-desa tertinggal pemerintah perlu memaksimalkan pembangunan indikator-indikator ekonomi terutama infrastruktur didesa-desa tertinggal, mengatasi masalah berbagai sector ekonomi,serta melibatkan pihak akademisi yang ada di Kabupaten Pandeglang.Originalitas_ Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan proses observasi dan wawancara secara langsung dengan data-data yang jelas.Tipe Penelitian_Studi Literatur

The human PDZome represents one of the largest globular domain families in the human proteome, with 266 instances. These globular domains typically interact with C-terminal peptide motifs found in thousands of human proteins. Despite previous efforts, not all PDZ domains have experimentally solved structures and most of their complexes remain to be solved. Here, a simple and cost-effective strategy is proposed for the crystallization of PDZ domains and their complexes. A human annexin A2 fusion tag was used as a crystallization chaperone and the structures of nine PDZ domains were solved, including five domains that had not yet been solved. Finally, these novel experimental structures were compared with AlphaFold predictions and it is speculated how predictions and experimental methods could cooperate in order to investigate the structural landscapes of entire domain families and interactomes.

Objective For fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR), the implementation of the VesselNavigator (Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) to provide a 3-dimensional vessel roadmap has been shown to reduce patient radiation exposure. Unfortunately, FEVAR radiation doses remain substantial despite utilization of this technology. Traditionally, registration of the live fluoroscopy with the pre-operative CTA is performed via the acquisition of a low-dose cone-beam CT scan. However, this registration can also be accomplished with the acquisition of 2D X-rays using the c-arm in 2 different projection angles. We hypothesized that the 2D image acquisition for vessel roadmap development would result in a significant reduction in patient radiation dose in comparison to the 3D CT registration without compromising image quality or increasing procedural length. Methods This single-center, retrospective study included FEVARs performed from January 2015 to May 2019. For patient data, the cumulative reference air kerma (RAK) was presented as geometric mean and standard deviation. A general linear model with log-normal distribution was used to test the difference in patient RAK between 2D X-ray and 3D CT VesselNavigator registration after adjusting for BMI and the number of vessel fenestrations (1 to 2 vs. 3 to 4). Fluoroscopy time was recorded and used as a surrogate for case complexity. All analyses were done in SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina). Results One hundred and sixty four FEVARs were performed on a Philips Allura Xper FD 20 fluoroscopy system equipped with clarity technology. The VesselNavigator registration was completed using 3D CT mapping in 99 cases and 2D X-rays in 65 procedures. On average, utilization of 2D mapping versus 3D mapping for the VesselNavigator resulted in a 20.4% reduction in patient RAK after controlling for BMI and number of vessel fenestrations, P = 0.0135. There was no significant difference in fluoroscopy time between the 2 study groups (P= 0.81) suggesting that image quality was not compromised by the use of 2D mapping leading to the need for additional fluoroscopy. Conclusion Acquisition of 2D films rather than a 3D CT scan for VesselNavigator registration allows for a significant reduction in patient radiation dose during FEVAR without increasing the case complexity or compromising image quality.

Kajian kebolehgunaan filem boleh dimakan untuk membungkus dan memelihara kualiti penyimpanan serbuk kopi segera telah dijalankan. Serbuk kopi segera dipek dengan uncang yang diperbuat daripada filem boleh dimakan dan seterusnya dibungkus dengan dua jenis pembungkus sekunder untuk melindunginya daripada terdedah kepada wap air, oksigen dan dicemari kekotoran. Serbuk kopi segera dimasukkan ke dalam bekas sekunder yang berlainan iaitu beg aluminum dengan penutup berzip (BA) dan kanister kertas berlapiskan aluminum (KK). Kedua-dua sampel BA dan KK dibandingkan dengan sampel kawalan iaitu jenis bahan pembungkus asal (AS) oleh pengilang terdiri daripada uncang aluminum berlaminat dan pembungkus sekunder ialah beg OPP/LDPE. Kandungan lembapan, keaktifan air dan bilangan mikroorganisma untuk serbuk kopi meningkat semasa penyimpanan. Namun peningkatan yang berlaku tidak menjejaskan kualiti dan tempoh simpan produk tersebut memandangkan penerimaan panel penilai sensori masih memberikan skor yang melebihi had minimum penerimaan iaitu 4, serta bacaan kandungan mikroorganisma yang rendah. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa serbuk kopi yang dipek dengan filem boleh dimakan mempunyai hayat penyimpanan sehingga setahun iaitu adalah standing dengan serbuk kopi yang dipek dengan beg aluminum berlaminat.

The social, cultural, and technological developments of society are unavoidable. This has an impact on the development of Islamic Law, which keeps all Muslim activities in the right corridor. Contemporary Islamic law, known as Contemporary Islamic Law, has also developed to answer new societal problems. Various views on Contemporary Islamic Law in solving multiple issues certainly reap various responses from the community and scholars. These views are often conveyed through social media such as Youtube, Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter. Therefore, this article aims to discuss a preliminary study of text analysis techniques used to find out the views of the community and Ulama on Contemporary Islamic Law issues computationally and automatically. This initial study reviews the methods and techniques that will be used, namely the Indonesian National Work Competency Standards (SKKNI) methodology for data science. This study will also use a sentiment analysis approach, topic modeling, and pattern analysis to find out people's views on issues of Contemporary Islamic Law through social media. The algorithm used for sentiment analysis is the Multinomial Naïve Bayes Classifier (MNBC), for topic modeling is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), while for pattern analysis using the Prefix-projected Sequential Pattern Mining (PrefixSpan) algorithm. The model generated from sentiment analysis, topic modeling, and pattern analysis will be evaluated by measuring the confusion matrix, coherence value, and silhouette coefficient value. In addition, analysis and interpretation of the model results will be carried out in-depth qualitatively by involving the views and thoughts of Islamic Law experts.

While primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) has traditionally been regarded as a pure upper motor neuron disorder, recent clinical, neuroimaging and postmortem studies have confirmed significant extra-motor involvement. Sporadic reports have indicated that in addition to the motor cortex and corticospinal tracts, the cerebellum may also be affected in PLS. Cerebellar manifestations are difficult to ascertain in PLS as the clinical picture is dominated by widespread upper motor neuron signs. The likely contribution of cerebellar dysfunction to gait disturbance, falls, pseudobulbar affect and dysarthria may be overlooked in the context of progressive spasticity. The objective of this study is the comprehensive characterization of cerebellar gray and white matter degeneration in PLS using multiparametric quantitative neuroimaging methods to systematically evaluate each cerebellar lobule and peduncle. Forty-two patients with PLS and 117 demographically-matched healthy controls were enrolled in a prospective MRI study. Complementary volumetric and voxelwise analyses revealed focal cerebellar alterations instead of global cerebellar atrophy. Bilateral gray matter volume reductions were observed in lobules III, IV and VIIb. Significant diffusivity alterations within the superior cerebellar peduncle indicate disruption of the main cerebellar outflow tracts. These findings suggest that the considerable intra-cerebellar disease-burden is coupled with concomitant cerebro-cerebellar connectivity disruptions. While cerebellar dysfunction is challenging to demonstrate clinically, cerebellar pathology is likely to be a significant contributor to disability in PLS.

Tube internal erosion, which corresponds to its wall thinning process, is one of the major safety concerns for tubes. Many sensing technologies have been developed to detect a tube wall thinning process. Among them, fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are the most popular ones due to their precise measurement properties. Most of the current works focus on how to design different types of FBG sensors according to certain physical laws and only test their sensors in controlled laboratory conditions. However, in practice, an industrial system usually suffers from harsh and dynamic environmental conditions, and FBG signals are affected by many unpredictable factors. Consequently, the FBG signals have more fluctuations and are polluted by noises. Hence, the signals no longer directly follow the assumed physical laws and their proposed thinning detection mechanisms no longer work. Targeting at this, this article develops a data-driven model for FBG signal feature extraction and tube wall thickness monitoring using data analytic techniques. In particular, we develop a spatiotemporal model to describe dynamic FBG signals and extract features related to thickness. By taking physical law as guideline, we trace the relationship between the extracted features and the tube wall thickness, based on which we construct an online statistical monitoring scheme for tube wall thinning process. We use both laboratory test and field trial experiment to demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed scheme.