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Lewinskya graphiomitria (Müll. Hal. ex Beckett) F. Lara, Garilleti & Goffinet, hitherto considered a New Zealand endemic species, has recently been repeatedly found at different localities in China, thereby representing an intriguing example of a remote intercontinental disjunction among the bryophytes. Herein, the current distribution of this species is reviewed and mapped and its disjunct occurrence in the two widely separated areas is discussed. Maps showing the quantification of extrapolated projection areas for L. graphiomitria are also presented. A possible way of its migration from New Zealand to Asia or vice versa is explained.

Skoupa, Z., Ochyra, R., Guo, S.-L., Sulayman, M. & Plasek, V. 2018. Three remarkable additions of Orthotrichum species (Orthotrichaceae) to the moss flora of China. - Herzogia 31: 88–100.Three species of the narrowly constituted moss genus Orthotrichum are reported for the first time from China. Two of these, O. moravicum and O. scanicum, have been found in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. The third species, O. rogeri, was detected in Qinghai Province and at the same time this is the first discovery of it in Central Asia. Ecological and distributional details of the newly recorded species are provided and their local distribution in China is mapped. Considering the present records, Orthotrichum in a narrow sense consists of 30 species in China.

Skoupa, Z., Ochyra, R., Guo, S.-L., Sulayman, M. & Plasek, V. 2017. Distributional novelties for Lewinskya, Nyholmiella and Orthotrichum (Orthotrichaceae) in China. — Herzogia 30: 58–73.Lewinskya vladikavkana and Orthotrichum alpestre are recorded for the first time from China and 14 species of the genera Lewinskya, Nyholmiella and Orthotrichum are newly reported from various provinces in China, including Gansu, Heilongjiang, Hubei, Hunan, Inner Mongolia, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Xinjiang, Xizang, Yunnan and Zhejiang. Distribution and ecology of newly recorded species are briefly discussed. Diversity of the broadly conceived genus Orthotrichum in China is summarised. In total, it currently consists of 43 species in this country, including 15 species of the genus Lewinskya, one of Nyholmiella and 27 of Orthotrichum s.str.

Studies on the bryophyte flora of the Southern Ocean islands and in the Antarctic are briefly reviewed and the current state of knowledge of the moss flora of Îles Kerguelen is discussed. Macrocoma tenue (Hook. & Grev.) Vitt is recorded from the Îles Kerguelen archipelago and this constitutes the first record of the genus Macrocoma (Müll. Hal.) Grout from the Subantarctic. The local plants of the species are characterized and illustrated and their ecology is discussed. Global distribution of M. tenue is reviewed and mapped. It is suggested that the type subspecies of M. tenue is a Gondwanan relictual taxon, which could have evolved on this supercontinent prior to its break-up and, subsequently, it reached Îles Kerguelen where it survived during the Pleistocene glacial epoch.

DNA C-values might be one of important indices in the evaluation of angiospermous invasiveness. To test this viewpoint, we compared DNA 1C-values and basic genome sizes in 3,676 angiosperms. The results suggest that: (1) the two nuclear values vary greatly among different groups, e.g., significantly higher in herbs than in trees, in monocots than in dicots, in perennials than in non-perennials; (2) the two nuclear values both have significant effects on plant invasiveness, especially in herbs, dicots, monocots, perennials, non-perennials, diploids, polyploids, Compositae, and Poaceae, while not significant in trees and Fabaceae. Similar to weeds, the two values in crops are low, which suggests that crops may commonly hold higher invasive potential; (3) to evaluate the invasiveness of a given species, the information about ploidy level is necessary, and for polyploids, basic genome sizes are more reliable. For the results suggest that the selection favors polyploids in weeds at least partly because of the downsizing of basic genome size along with polyploidization.

In China, fireweed (Crassocephalum crepioides) is listed as an invasive plant that is also cultivated as a vegetable. To gain a clearer understanding of its invasiveness and rapid spread, we evaluated its seed dispersal ability, and the influences of light, temperature, pH, NaCl stress, moisture content, and storage periods on its seed germination. Its seed dispersal ability is limited. The seed germination of fireweed is inhibited by darkness, temperatures 35°C, and a NaCl solution with a concentration >0.15 mol L−1. The optimal conditions under which nearly all the seeds could germinate are light, with temperatures from 20 to 30°C, and a neutral soil with 40% moisture content. The seeds of fireweed have no apparent dormancy and retain a high viability after room storage for 10 months. Fireweed only has a moderate invasive capacity and its wide distribution in China possibly correlates with its cultivation.

Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. is an important Chinese traditional medicine, and has wide distribution in China. Based on their infrared fingerprint spectra, Polygonum cuspidatum root samples from 7 geographical origins could be divided into 6 classes with principal component analysis. The classification was well correlated to their geographical origins and weather. In the same class, the chemical components of P. cuspidatum are similar to each other, which can be considered as the criterion for evaluating the quality of P. cuspidatum. The results showed that their characteristic infrared spectra were similar in the range of 4000-1700 cm(-1), but varied significantly for different groups and kinds of P. cuspidatum samples in the range of 1700-900 cm(-1). The method is rapid and simple, and could be applied to evaluate the quality of this traditional Chinese medicine. It is one of the methods in the quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.

Lactuca serriola, a national class quarantine object, is a new invasive species in the coastal area of Southeast China. The coenological survey showed that because of its big individual, L. serriola could easily form dominant population in its invaded area, and its main accompany species were Conyza canadensis, C. bonarinisis, Bidentis bipinnata, Oenothera laciniata, Ipomoea hederacea, Setaria viridis, Daucus carota, Xanthium sibiricum, Erigeron annuus, L. indica, Humulus scandens, Solanum nigrum and Aster sublatus. The measurements with LCA-4 portable photosynthesis and transpiration system (ADC, England) revealed that the net photosynthetic rate of L. serriola was as high as 21.22 +/- 0.45 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x s(-1), being slightly lower than that of E. annuus and C. bonarinisis, similar to that of C. canadensis, and higher than that of Chenopodium album, Plantago virginica and L. indica. Based on the photosynthesis-light response equation, the theoretic light compensation point of L. serriola was 37.58 micromol m(-2) x s(-1), its theoretic light saturation point was 1 480 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1), and theoretic maximal net photosynthetic rate was 20.81 micromol CO2 x m(-2) x s(-1). A distinct "noon break" phenomenon was observed in L. serriola photosynthesis, which might result from the high stomatal resistance against high light intensity and temperature. The main factors affecting the net photosynthetic rate of L. serriola were leaf photosynthetic active radiation, stomatal conductance, and leaf transpiration rate.

Huperzia serrata is an important medicinal plant. This species is rich in inner-specific variation with various closely related species, and their individuals are also small with few identification characters. In the present paper, the method of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with an OMNI collector was applied to obtaining the infrared spectra of 16 leaf samples including Huperzia serrata and its five closely related species (Huperzia sutchueniana, Phlegmariurus mingchegensis, Lycopodium japonicum, Selaginella doederleinii, Selaginella heterostachys). Based on the indices of wave number-absorbance, the differences of the 16 infrared spectra were compared by the method of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that there is good correspondence between the position relationship of PCA three-dimensional plot of the samples based on the indices of wave number-absorbance of FTIR spectra and their phenetic relationship. Therefore, the infrared spectra could be applied to identifying the samples of Huperzia serrata and its closely related species.

Bryophytes are important high plants. However, the plants of bryophyte are small in size with few identification characters. The identification of plant samples using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with OMNI collector is simple, convenient, fast and accurate. In the present paper, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with OMNI collector was applied to gain the infrared spectra of 30 samples belonging to 26 bryophyte species. Based on the indices of wave number-absorbance, the differences of the 30 infrared spectra were compared by the method of Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA). The results showed that there is good correspondence between the position relationship of DCA two-dimensional plot of the samples based on the indices of wave number-absorbance of FTIR spectra and their classification relationship. Therefore, it is practical to apply the infrared spectra to identifying the false sample from the true one in medicine bryophytes.

The plants of the genus Isodon are of important medicinal values, being widely used in the production of the Chinese traditional and herbal drugs. Compared with the other identification methods, the identification of the Chinese traditional and herbal drugs using the fourier-transform infrared spectrometer with OMNI collector is simple and convenient, fast and accurate. Moreover, the extraction or break of the samples are not necessary in the identification using OMNI collector. In the present paper, fourier-transform infrared spectrometer with OMNI collector is applied to gain the IR-fingerprintings of eleven samples of Isodon inflexus, I. Lophanthoides and I. Macrocalyx. Based on the indices of wavenumber-absorbance, the differences of eleven IR-fingerprintings are compared by PCA (Principal Component Analysis). The results show that it is practical to apply PCA on the basis of IR-fingerprinting to compare the chemical differences of plant samples.

The title compound, C14H15NO5, was obtained from the reaction of acetanilide with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate in the presence of potassium carbonate. The C=C double bond adopts an E configuration and the geometry around the amide N atom is almost planar rather than pyramidal (mean deviation of 0.0032 Å from the C3N plane). The packing of the molecules in the crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...O hydrogen bonds.