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The development of micro- & nano-structure engineering in recent years is reviewed. The synthesis methods and mechanisms of different microstructures are summarized, and the future development direction of microstructure modification is proposed.

Rural homestead system is an important part of China’s rural land system. It is the result of the birth of China’s land, which is poor in per capita resources and needs fair and reasonable distribution to protect the rights and interests of the majority of people. In recent years, the system of rural homestead use right in China has been developing and improving, but there are still many practical problems, such as the unclear subject of homestead use right, restricted circulation of homestead use right, restricted inheritance, withdrawal of homestead use right and imperfect guarantee mechanism. The rural land system in China still needs to clear the land obtained subject, improve the system of right to use homestead circulation, explore out of housing land use right and its guarantee mechanism, etc. This paper aims to draw on these issues and put forward some suggestions for effective reform of China’s rural homestead use right system.

Heuristic search is a key component of automated planning and pathfinding. It is guided by a heuristic function which estimates remaining solution cost. Traditionally heuristic functions for pathfinding have been human-designed or pre-computed for a specific search graph. The former tend to be compact, human-readable but generic. The latter offer better guidance but require per-graph pre-computation and have a substantial memory cost. We aim to retain compactness and readability of human-designed heuristics and increase their performance. We adopt the recently published approach of representing heuristic functions as algebraic formulae and automatically synthesizing them for video-game maps. Whereas published work merely randomly sampled the space of formula-based heuristic functions, we implement and evaluate a parameterized synthesis algorithm that unifies and generalizes the stochastic sampling, simulated annealing and a basic genetic algorithm. We tune the parameters for better synthesis performance and then, using maps from multiple video games, show that heuristics synthesized for maps from one game still outperform the baseline search (A* with weighted Manhattan distance) on maps from a different game. We analyze a frequently synthesized formula and explain how, despite having a higher error than the Manhattan distance, it takes advantage of the structure in video-game pathfinding problems and speeds up A*.

Tip growth is an extreme form of polarized cell expansion that occurs in all eukaryotic kingdoms to generate highly elongated tubular cells with specialized functions, including fungal hyphae, animal neurons, plant pollen tubes, and root hairs (RHs). RHs are tubular structures that protrude from the root epidermis to facilitate water and nutrient uptake, microbial interactions, and plant anchorage. RH tip growth requires polarized vesicle targeting and active exocytosis at apical growth sites. However, how apical exocytosis is spatially and temporally controlled during tip growth remains elusive. Here, we report that the Qa-Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) SYP121 acts as an effector of Rho of Plants 2 (ROP2), mediating the regulation of RH tip growth. We show that active ROP2 promotes SYP121 targeting to the apical plasma membrane. Moreover, ROP2 directly interacts with SYP121 and promotes the interaction between SYP121 and the R-SNARE VAMP722 to form a SNARE complex, probably by facilitating the release of the Sec1/Munc18 protein SEC11, which suppresses the function of SYP121. Thus, the ROP2-SYP121 pathway facilitates exocytic trafficking during RH tip growth. Our study uncovers a direct link between an ROP GTPase and vesicular trafficking and a new mechanism for the control of apical exocytosis, whereby ROP GTPase signaling spatially regulates SNARE complex assembly and the polar distribution of a Q-SNARE.

A MYB family transcription factor ZmMYB69 is a transcriptional activator at the upper level of ZmMYB31 and ZmMYB42 in the hierarchical network that controls lignin biosynthesis in maize.

Extended left ventricular septal myectomy remains the gold standard for the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with refractory symptoms. On the basis of traditional modified transaortic Morrow myectomy, we innovatively performed a minimally invasive, video-assisted single-port thoracotomy through the right infra-axillary region. Our procedure can provide good visualization of the left ventricular outflow tract and hypertrophic ventricular septum for accurate resection. It also ensures optimal exposure of the mitral valve in the presence of complex mitral subvalvular structures.

The conclusion that the column vector of the phase space after reconstruction of the mine water inflow sequence has a clear geological meaning is proposed and verified by an example, and then a prediction model of the mine water inflow coupled with chaos theory and artificial neural network is established. The delay time τ is determined by the mutual information method, and the embedded dimension m is determined by Cao method, and the phase space reconstruction of the water inflow sequence is carried out; Regression analysis and Pearson correlation test are used to analyze the correlation between the elements in each column of phase space and the main controlling factors of water inflow; The chaos theory is coupled with Elman neural network (ENN), and the Chaos-ENN water inflow prediction model is established; The gradient prediction method is used to verify the model; Four evaluation indexes are used to evaluate the prediction results. The results show that the embedding dimension of phase space is equal to the number of main control factors of mine water inflow; The column vector of the phase space is linearly related to the mined out area, the development length and the water level of the three main aquifers; The prediction accuracy of Chaos-ENN model is 97.91% and the root mean square error is 10.81m3/h; The prediction accuracy of this model is equivalent to that of the single ENN model established after the main control factors and their values are determined. The results show that the column vector of phase space after reconstruction of water inflow sequence has clear geological meaning; For different mines, the geological meaning of column vector in phase space will be different, but they all represent a main controlling factor of water inflow; The number of ENN input layers and their values in the water inflow prediction model can be quantified by using chaos theory, so the Chaos-ENN model for mine water inflow prediction can be established only by the sequence value of water inflow. The establishment of the model avoids the difficulty of determining and quantifying the main controlling factors in the prediction of water inflow, and the model has high prediction accuracy, so the Chaos-ENN model has high promotion value.

Although a number of studies have examined the effects of abusive supervision variability, which refers to leaders engaging in differential abuse toward different subordinates within the team on work-related outcomes, scant research has investigated whether and how abusive supervision variability affects non-work outcomes. Drawing on the conservation of resources theory, the current study explores how abusive supervision variability affects work–family conflict through psychological detachment, as well as the moderating role of optimism. Results based on a survey of 260 employees from nine companies show that abusive supervision variability is significantly and positively related to work–family conflict. Psychological detachment mediates the effect of abusive supervision variability on work–family conflict. Optimism moderates the relationship between abusive supervision variability and psychological detachment and the indirect effects of abusive supervision variability on work–family conflict through psychological detachment. This study extends the literature on the effects of abusive supervision variability and provides several important practical implications.

Uncontrollable dendrite growth and poor reversibility of lithium (Li) metal anode hinder the practical implementation of Li metal based batteries. Herein, we report a feasible and scalable electrospraying strategy for fabricating a vertically aligned graphene (VAG) pillar architecture with low tortuosity and high specific surface area as both current collector and host material for Li metal anode. Columnar and dense Li with large granular size plates into the VAG electrode by the aid of the pillar structure, which could ensure continuous ion transfer and lower actual current density for uniform nucleation, as well as provide more accommodation with proper space size. The hollow graphene pillars and the surrounding sufficient space enables smooth Li plating under high capacity depth and abstains volume fluctuation of the whole electrode. The VAG pillar modified Li anode delivers low overpotential of 25 mV over 280 h under a high rate of 3 mA cm−2, and high Coulombic efficiencies for 250 cycles at a capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. More importantly, full cells paired with the high capacity LiFePO4 cathode exhibit excellent cycling stability and rate capability, demonstrating the high Li utilization efficiency and improved ion migration kinetic in the low tortuous VAG architecture.

Background: The resistance of glioma patients to temozolomide (TMZ) treatment is a limiting factor in clinical treatment. Circular RNA HIPK3 (circ-HIPK3) was found to be highly expressed in glioma,...

Background The incidence and mortality of aortic dissection (AD) are increasing. In pathological studies, macrophages, T lymphocytes and dendritic cells were found in the tunica media of the aorta. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene polymorphisms are associated with a high incidence of hypertension in Asian populations. However, there is no clear evidence of the relationship between ALDH2 and aortic dissection in Asians. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of aortic dissection in different ALDH2 genotypes and explore changes in the vasculature. Materials and methods Three-week-old male mice were administered freshly prepared β-aminopropionitrile solution dissolved in drinking water (1 g/kg/d) for 28 days to induce TAD. An animal ultrasound imaging system was used to observe the formation of arterial dissection and changes in cardiac function. Subsequently, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The aortas were fixed for HE staining and EVG staining to observe aortic elastic fiber tears and pseudoluma formation under a microscope. Results Knockout of ALDH2 mitigated β-aminopropionitrile-induced TAD formation in animal studies. Ultrasound results showed that ALDH2 knockout reduced the degree of ascending aortic widening and the incidence of aortic dissection rupture. Pathological sections of multiple aortic segments showed that the protective effect of ALDH2 knockout was observed in not only the ascending aorta but also the aortic arch and descending aorta. The expression levels of genes related to NK CD56bright cells, Th17 cells, T cells and T helper cells were decreased in ALDH2 knockout mice treated with β-aminopropionitrile for 28 days. Conclusion ALDH2 knockout protects against aortic dissection by altering the inflammatory response and immune response and protecting elastic fibers.

It is impossible for agents on both sides to achieve complete rationality in the decision-making process of two-sided matching (TSM). The TODIM (an acronym in Portuguese of interactive and multi-criteria decision-making) method considering the psychological behavior of decision-makers is well applied in the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) problems. The TSM is a MCDM problem. Therefore, in this paper, a method based on TODIM technique is introduced to solve the TSM problem, in which the intuitionistic linguistic numbers are utilized to describe the mutual evaluation between candidates and hiring managers. The focus of this paper is to develop a method for the multi-criteria TSM problem under intuitionistic linguistic environment. First, the evaluation matrices of each agent with respect to each criterion are provided by agents on the opposite side, and the weight assigned to each criterion is determined according to the importance of the evaluation criterion to the matching agent. Then, the dominance measurement of each agent over another one can be calculated based on the intuitionistic linguistic TODIM method. Next, a bi-objective optimization model which aims to maximize the overall satisfaction degree of agents on both sides is constructed to attain the optimal matching pair. Furthermore, the feasibility of the solution method is verified by a case study of person-position matching (PPM), and the matching result demonstrates that the proposed method is effective in dealing with multi-criteria PPM problem. Finally, the sensitivity of parameters and some comparative studies are discussed.

Accumulating investigations illustrated that miRNA acts as a key regulator in tumor progression, whereas regulatory role of miR-96-5p in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is warranted. Thus, we sought to probe mechanism of miR-96-5p in this disease. Through bioinformatics analysis, miR-96-5p level in normal tissue and LUAD tissue in TCGA database were obtained. Meanwhile, mRNA expression dataset was analyzed to obtain downregulated mRNAs binding to miR-96-5p. qRT-PCR assessed miR-96-5p and ARHGAP6 mRNA in LUAD. Western blot assessed protein level of ARHGAP6 in LUAD. Dual-luciferase reporter gene detection verified targeting relationship of miR-96-5p and ARHGAP6. Biological functional experiments such as CCK-8, colony formation, scratch healing, and Transwell assessed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. MiR-96-5p was overexpressed, which fostered LUAD cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. ARHGAP6 was downregulated in LUAD and targeted by miR-96-5p. ARHGAP6 upregulation prominently restored promotion of miR-96-5p on cell progression. MiR-96-5p could stimulate LUAD progression through targeting ARHGAP6. This study generates a novel direction and lays a theoretical basis for targeted therapy.

Sodium and potassium metal batteries are being developed and studied enthusiastically by researchers, but the electrochemical deposition mechanism of sodium and potassium are still elusive and considered as analogs of the lithium version. In this study, it is found that the deposition of sodium and potassium are different from lithium. During deposition, cations get electrons and turn into metal deposited beneath the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), and consequently the SEI is subject to the pressure from the metal around the deposition sites. Under the pressure, the SEI of lithium is strong enough to keep its integrity, which leads to the root growth of deposits. The lithium deposits are whiskers with the diameter of submicrometer and can be blocked by separators with the pores of dozens of nanometers. By contrast, the SEIs of sodium and potassium are weak and break into fragments under the pressure, and the subsequent deposition occur on the metal surfaces. The deposits grow into micro-scale granules and spread through the nanopores of separators, which causes the short circuit.

Background Increasing evidence indicates that the immune microenvironment plays a key role in the genesis and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to establish an immune-related gene (IRG) signature and determine its clinical prognostic value in patients with CRC. Methods The RNA sequencing and associated clinical data of CRC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We then screened for differentially expressed IRGs by intersecting with IRGs obtained from the Immunology Database and Analysis Portal. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out to determine the potential biological functions and pathways of the IRGs. We also explored the specific molecular mechanisms of the IRGs by constructing regulatory networks. Prognostic IRGs were obtained by LASSO regression analysis, and subsequently, gene models were constructed in the TCGA dataset to confirm the predictive capacity of these IRGs. Finally, we used the TIMER tool to assess the immune properties of prognostic IRGs and correlate them with immune cells. Results We identified 409 differentially expressed IRGs in patients with CRC. Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology enrichment analyses suggested that these differentially expressed IRGs were significantly related to 102 cancer signalling pathways and various biological functions. Based on the prediction and interaction results, we obtained 59 TF–IRG, 48 miRNA–IRG, and 214 drug–IRG interaction networks for CRC. Four prognostic genes (POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2) were developed by integrating 47 survival-related IRGs and 42 characteristic CRC genes. The results of gene model showed that patients in the low risk group had better survival outcomes compared to those in the high risk group. The expression of POMC, TNFRSF19, FGF2, and SCG2 was significantly correlated with immune cells. Conclusion This study identified some valid IRGs, and these findings can provide strong evidence for precision immunotherapy in patients with CRC.

Background The incidence and mortality of thoracic aortic dissection(TAD) are increasing. In clinicopathological studies, macrophage, T lymphocytes and dendritic cells were found infiltrating in the aortic middle layer. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2(ALDH2) gene polymorphism is associated with high incidence of hypertension in Asian populations. However, there is no clear evidence of the relationship between ALDH2 and TAD in Asians. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of aortic dissection in different ALDH2 genotypes and explore changes in the vascular wall. Materials and methods Three-week-old male mice were administered by freshly prepared β-aminopropionitrile(BAPN) solution dissolved in drinking water(1 g/kg/d) for 28 days to induce TAD. The animal ultrasound imaging system was used to observe the formation of arterial dissection. Subsequently, mice were killed by cervical dislocation. The aortic were fixed for HE staining and EVG staining to observe the aortic elastic fiber tears and pseudoluma formation under the microscope. Results Knockout(KO) of ALDH2 mitigated BAPN-induced TAD formation in animal studies. Ultrasound results showed that ALDH2 knockout reduced the degree of ascending aortic widening and the incidence of aortic dissection rupture. Pathological sections of multiple aortic segments showed that the protective effect of ALDH2 knockout included not only the ascending aorta but also the aortic arch and descending aorta. The expressions of NK CD56bright cells, Th17 cells, T cells and T helper cells were decreased in the ALDH2 KO mice treated with BAPN for 28 days. Conclusions ALDH2 knockout played a protective role in the aorta dissection by altering inflammatory response, immune response and protecting elastic fibers.

Silicon oxide-based materials are promising anode materials for the real application in lithium-ion batteries. The solid electrolyte interphase is vital for the cyclability and rate capability of t...

Solid polymer electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries face the challenges of low ionic conductivity, poor mechanical properties, and large thickness. Herein, a thin and high-strength composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) is developed via infusing a polyethylene oxide (PEO)/(CF3SO2)2NLi (LiTFSI) electrolyte into a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) network, where highly efficient and uniform interfacial ion-transport channels are constructed through micro-wetting using trace electrolyte vapor. The trace electrolyte vapor creates fast-ion-transport channels at both the external CPE/electrode interface and the internal PAN/PEO interface in the CPE, and its LiPO2F2 product is favorable for the cycling stability. The rigid PAN network can not only enhance the mechanical strength and promote Li-ion conductivity, but it also strongly adsorbs Li-salt anions and improves the lithium-ion transference number (0.49) of the CPE, inducing the uniform stripping and deposition of Li metal and suppressing Li dendrite growth. The LiFePO4 (LFP)/CPE/Li solid-state battery achieves a specific capacity of 141.1 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention rate of 85.6% and Coulombic efficiency of 100.0% after 360 cycles at 25 °C. This work provides a facile strategy for constructing thin and high strength CPEs with high performance at room temperature.

Metallic lithium (Li) is a highly promising anode for high-energy-density batteries. However, irreversible Li deposition and Li dendrite growth during cycling, originating from an unstable interface and chemical disintegration, are the most serious challenges for the commercialization of Li metal anodes. Herein, we propose a sustainable synthesis route to achieve a highly reversible and stable Li anode by constructing a three-dimensional (3D) graphene network host decorated with highly dispersed lithiophilic inorganic components (Li2O and Li2CO3) and coated with an insulating interphase of boron nitride, termed BIG. Homogeneous Li plating and bottom-up deposition can be achieved due to the Lewis acid and insulating nature of boron nitride in the BIG architecture. The uniformly decorated inorganic components on the 3D graphene network benefit the construction of a robust inorganic-rich solid electrolyte interface, enabling highly reversible Li deposition. Therefore, the free-standing BIG electrode delivers a superior cyclability of 150 cycles at an areal capacity of 3.0 mA h cm−2 with low voltage hysteresis for Li plating/stripping. When coupled with a LiFePO4 cathode, the as-assembled full cell can stably operate for over 350 cycles with negligible capacity degradation and a low overpotential of 47 mV. This work provides a convenient and cost-effective method to develop highly stable Li metal anodes by comprehensively regulating the interfacial structure and chemistry.

Physical parameter sensing largely benefits the lifetime and operational costs of machines and has been widely used for machine fault detection. Herein, in this article, we developed a multinode sensor network, which is fully self-powered by harvesting mechanical vibration energy, to establish a machine fault detection system. A multilayered vibrational triboelectric nanogenerator (V-TENG) was designed to scavenge energy from working machines. Triggered by a vibration motion with the frequency of 8 Hz, the V-TENG can generate an output with power density of 3.33 mW/m3. With a power management module, the microcontrol unit integrated with sensors and a wireless transmitter can be continuously powered by the V-TENG to construct a self-powered vibration sensor node (SVSN). A supporting vector machine algorithm-based machine fault detection system was then established through a three-SVSN network by acquiring acceleration and temperature data from the working machine. Based on the system, different working conditions of the machine were recognized with an accuracy of 83.6%. The TENG-based SVSN for machine fault detection has demonstrated wide prospects in production monitoring, intelligent manufacturing, and smart factory. Moreover, the proposed self-powered sensor network has great potential and wide application in the era of distributed Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and big data.

Background Dysregulated circular RNAs (circRNAs) are involved in the development of glioma. This paper aims to analyze the role and mechanism of circRNA tau tubulin kinase 2 (circ-TTBK2) in glioma progression. Methods The glioma samples and normal brain tissues were collected. The levels of circ-TTBK2, microRNA-1283 (miR-1283) and chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) were examined via quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or Western blot. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis were determined via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide, transwell assay, Western blot, glucose and lactate assay kits. The target relationship was analyzed via dual-luciferase reporter assay. The xenograft model was established using U251 cells. Results circ-TTBK2 expression was increased in glioma tissues and cells. circ-TTBK2 knockdown suppressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis. circ-TTBK2 was a sponge for miR-1283, and knockdown of miR-1283 reversed the effect of circ-TTBK2 silence on glioma progression. CHD1 was targeted via miR-1283, and miR-1283 repressed glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion and glycolysis via decreasing CHD1. Knockdown of circ-TTBK2-reduced CHD1 expression by mediating miR-1283. Silence of circ-TTBK2 reduced xenograft tumor growth. Conclusion Down-regulation of circ-TTBK2 suppressed glioma development by regulating miR-1283 and CHD1, providing a new mechanism for understanding glioma pathogenesis.

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a leading cause of disability and mortality in soldiers during the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Although substantial clinical and animal studies have investigated the pathophysiology and treatments of bTBI, few effective therapies have been found, especially for the early rescue in the battlefield. The aim of this study is to evaluate neuroprotective effects of early normobaric hyperoxia (NBO) on bTBI. We established a rat model of bTBI caused by explosion in the cabin. It exhibited typical changes of mild bTBI, like impaired neurological function, brain edema, minor intracranial hemorrhage and neuron necrosis. The rats were divided into 4 groups (n = 12): Sham, Vehicle, hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) and NBO. Neurological function of the rats was assessed by the Neurological Severity Scores (NSS) at 24 h and 72 h after explosion. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and tau protein were measured at 24 h and 72 h after explosion. Brain water content was measured and Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) immunostaining was performed. Neuronal apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining. NBO demonstrated curative effects on protecting the neurological function. Serum levels of NSE and tau protein were reduced at 24 h and 72 h after explosion. But the levels of IL-6 were not reduced significantly at both time points. Cerebral edema was alleviated. Simultaneously, AQP4 immunostaining of the hippocampus showed remarkably decreased expression after treatment. The number of apoptotic cells in hippocampus was also decreased. Compared with HBO, NBO is simple and convenient, and can be administered in remote areas. It may be a promising therapy for early rescue of bTBI in the battlefield.

Introduction Ribosomal protein SA pseudogene 52 (RPSAP52) has been characterized as an oncogenic lncRNA in pituitary tumors. Analysis of TCGA dataset revealed the upregulation of RPSAP52 in glioblastoma (GBM). We, therefore, investigated the roles of RPSAP52 in GBM. Methods A total of 50 GBM patients (33 males and 20 females; 54-75 years; mean age: 61.8±5.8 years) were selected from the 89 cases of GBM patients. Under the guidance of MRI, brain biopsy was performed to collect GBM tissues from each patient for the diagnosis of GBM. U-373 MG cells were employed and had transient transfections. qRNA, Western blot, and a series of experiments were performed to characterize their associations. Results The results showed that RPSAP52 was upregulated in GBM patients, and its high expression levels predicted poor survival. In GBM tissues, expression levels of RPSAP52 were significantly and positively correlated with that of TGF-β1. In GBM tissues, RPSAP52 positively regulated the expression of TGF-β1. Cell stemness assay showed that, compared to C and NC groups, overexpression of RPSAP52 and TGF-β1 led to increased, while silencing of RPSAP52 led to decreased CD133+ cells. Overexpression of TGF-β1 attenuated the effects of RPSAP52 siRNA silencing. Conclusion Therefore, RPSAP52 upregulates TGF-β1 to increase cancer cell stemness and predict postoperative survival in GBM.

Objective To understand whether different anesthesia and analgesia methods would affect the incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) in patients who underwent uniportal video-assisted lung surgery and to explore the influence factors of CPSP. Design Retrospective study. Setting and Participant A total of 120 patients, who underwent selective uniportal video-assisted lung surgery at Zhongshan Hospital from March to June 2018, were enrolled. Interventions The visual analog scale was used to assess the degree of pain on the first and second postoperative days. At the 3rd and 6th months after surgery, the telephone follow-up was conducted for the survey of the numerical rating scale. The incidence of acute and chronic pain in different anesthesia methods was analyzed, and the relevant factors of CPSP were statistically analyzed. Results Among the 111 patients who completed follow-up, no significant difference was noted in the incidences of acute and chronic postsurgical pain between patients who received different anesthesia and analgesia methods (P>0.05). The incidence of CPSP was 29.7% at 3 months after surgery. The incidence of CPSP was 9.0% at 6 months after surgery. The degree of pain within 48 h after surgery was a risk factor for CPSP (odds ratio (OR)=2.39, P Conclusion CPSP accounted for a specific proportion of patients after uniportal video-assisted lung surgery; however, it was significantly lower than that of patients with conventional thoracotomy, and the incidence did not differ significantly among anesthesia and analgesia methods. Active and effective control of acute postsurgical pain might reduce the incidence of CPSP.

Summary Dual-ion sodium metal||graphite batteries are a viable technology for large-scale stationary energy storage because of their high working voltages (above 4.4 V versus Na/Na+) and the low cost of electrode materials. However, traditional liquid electrolytes generally suffer from severe decomposition at such a high voltage, which results in poor cycle life. Herein, we report a stable dual-ion sodium metal battery employing a multifunctional gel polymer electrolyte, which was facilely prepared by in situ polymerizing an ethoxylated pentaerythritol tetraacrylate monomer in an optimized liquid electrolyte with fluoroethylene carbonate as co-solvent and 1,3-propanesultone as additive. This quasi-solid-state electrolyte not only exhibits high oxidative resistance and constructs stable protective layers on the electrode surfaces but also effectively facilitates homogeneous anion and cation fluxes and suppresses the sodium dendrite growth. The as-developed quasi-solid-state dual-ion batteries delivered a high capacity with long cycle life, which could be applied for low-cost energy storage.

Safe and high-energy-density all solid-state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are great in demand for future electrical vehicle and grid energy storage. The compatibility of electrode-electrolyte interface is a critical factor influencing the electrochemical performance of ASSLMBs. Herein, we propose a plastic super-conductive carrier to deter untoward reaction between Li anode and Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) electrolyte by in-situ solidifying succinonitrile-based plastic interlayer with Li6.4La3Zr2Al0.24O12 (LLZAO) nanowires (l-SN). The method of in-situ solidification promises the low interfacial resistance. The l-SN interlayer can not only act as a physical obstacle to isolate LAGP pellet from Li metal, but also provide three-dimensional ion channels to regulate the transfer of Li ions, delivering an uniform Li ion distribution for dendrite-free Li deposition. The Li|l-SN|LAGP|l-SN|Li symmetric cell can stably cycle for 240 h without short circuit at room temperature (R.T). This approach enables a high specific capacity of 152.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1C for Li|l-SN|LAGP|l-SN|LiFePO4 cells at R.T. Furthermore, the integrated ASSLMBs show excellent cyclic stability at 40 °C with an initial discharge capacity of 168.4 mAh g−1 at 0.5C and retention of 93.17% after 100 cycles. The super-ionic property at the interface makes excellent rate performance of ASSLMBs at 40 °C. This strategy is facile and efficient in promising safe and outstanding ASSLMBs and also has some referential values for other unstable electrolyte interface beyond LAGP.

The incidence and mortality of aortic dissection (AD) are increasing. In pathological studies, macrophages, T lymphocytes and dendritic cells were found in the tunica media of the aorta. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDHThree-week-old male mice were administered freshly prepared β-aminopropionitrile solution dissolved in drinking water (1 g/kg/d) for 28 days to induce TAD. An animal ultrasound imaging system was used to observe the formation of arterial dissection and changes in cardiac function. Subsequently, mice were euthanized by cervical dislocation. The aortas were fixed for HE staining and EVG staining to observe aortic elastic fiber tears and pseudoluma formation under a microscope.Knockout of ALDHALDH

The process of nitrite-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-damo) catalysed by Candidatus Methylomirabilis oxyfera (M. oxyfera)-like bacteria is a novel pathway in regulating methane (CH

Hypoxia is a key factor in tumor microenvironments. Tumor-derived exosomes under hypoxia have their functions of communication between local and remote cells, and play an important role in tumor growth and metastasis. However, the effect of tumor-derived exosomes on cell structures and functions under hypoxia is unknown. In this work, the effects of exosomes derived from hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC-LM3) under normoxia (N-exos) and hypoxia (H-exos) environments on the biological and physical properties of target cells were stduied. The N-exos promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes (HL-7702) at 1.5 mg/mL, while the H-exos promoted the proliferation of hepatocytes at a lower concentration (1.0 mg/mL). After the cells cultured with the same concentrations of N-exos and H-exos for different time periods, the cell migration was enhanced. The stress fibers of the cells became loose and the cytoskeleton was rearranged, which were time dependent. The changes in morphological and mechanical parameters of the HL-7702 cells were detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that the cell edges became irregular and the filopodia were increased versus the exosomes treatment time. The heights and elastic moduli of cells were reduced. Compared with N-exos, H-exos had a more significant effect on the biological and physical properties of target cells. The results provide a method for studying how tumor-derived exosomes affect the interaction between tumor cells and their hypoxic microenvironment.