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Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases. It is always better to prevent the disease before it advanceswhich may results to pain, unesthetic look and difficulty in mastication and function. Silver diamine fluorideis one of the preventive measures performed by the dentist to prevent and arrest initial dental caries. It is veryeffective in all age groups especially in paediatric patients. The knowledge, the exact mechanism and its methodof use is a primary requirement of the dental professional. The present article emphasizes a detailed review onsilver diamine fluoride.

Mobile opportunistic networks (MON) has been used for provisioning delay-tolerant applications. In MON the device communicates with each other with no assured end-to-end paths from source and destination because of frequent topology changes, node mobility, low density, and intermittent connectivity. In MON the device battery drains very fast for performing activities such as scanning, transceiver, and other computational processes, impacting the overall performance thus, designing energy-efficient routing is a challenging task. The routing employs a store-carry-and-forward mechanism for packet communication, where the packet is composed of time-to-live (TTL) and is kept in buffer till the opportunity arises. In improving delivery ratio message replication has been adopted; however, induces high network congestion. Here we present a location-aware hybrid microscopic routing (LAHMR) scheme for MON. The LAHMR provides an effective packet transmission scheme with location awareness and high reliability by limiting unnecessary packets being circulated in the network. Experiment outcome shows the LAHMR scheme achieves a much better delivery ratio with less delay, and also reduces the number of a forwarder for transmitting a packet, aiding in the reduction of network overhead concerning recent routing method namely the social-aware reliable forwarding (SCARF) technique.

Cyanosis in newborn infants is generally caused by pulmonary conditions congenital cyanotic heart disease or decreased cardiac output states. Rarely it may also occur due to hematologic problems like congenital or acquired methemoglobinemia. We herewith report three cases of acquired methemoglobinemia that were successfully treated with vitamin-C ascorbic acid and methylene blue. High index of suspicion is required to identify such cases in newborn infants.

In the era of automation, car manufacturers have been at their technological peak. While companies like Tesla and BMW are out there testing driverless cars, their main aim is to make the technology a household thing in years to come. The Self Driving Car project is a small scaled project designed to run a miniature car using technology like machine learning. The project consists of both hardware and software aspects, from building it from the scratch to making it run on the homemade track. This project will include object detection, lane detection, traffic signal lights processing, turn indicators and many more. To put all of these in a nutshell, it is a vehicle that is capable of sensing it’s environment and navigating without human input. a team of four guys will be working hard to make a miniature car run on itself without a driver, using the present-day technologies such as machine learning and IOT.

Histopathological images (HIs) are the gold standard for determining cancer diagnoses in specific cases. Even for expert pathologists, analyzing such images takes time and resources, and it is difficult, resulting in inter-observer and intra-observer discrepancies. Using computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) technologies is one technique to speed up such an analysis. Machine learning methods for histopathology image analysis, including shallow and deep learning methods, are discussed in this work. We also go over preprocessing, segmentation and feature extraction, three of the most common tasks in histopathological image analysis. The classification job has increased interest, whereas other tasks such as segmentation and feature extraction have shown a fall in interest for tissue diagnosis. This empirical study depicts the pros and cons of the various preprocessing, segmentation, classification and feature extraction methods in the histopathological images for the effective implementation purposes.

Crystals of “(2E)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one” (NPTMP) are grown by slow solvent evaporation technique. The compound purity and presence of functional group elements in the material were identified from the spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR and ˡH-NMR). The single-phase formation in the bulk powder crystalline sample has been confirmed from powder XRD analysis. The intermolecular interaction and structure-related parameters were obtained and analyzed by utilizing single-crystal XRD data. Using single-crystal XRD data (CIF file), display of the intermolecular interactions and contribution of H···H and H···O/O···H interaction have been obtained. The molecule is mapped over dnorm, de, di, curvedness, shape index, and electrostatic potential by generating the Hirshfeld’s surface of NPTMP molecule. The linear optical absorbance and optical bandgap of the material have been confirmed by UV–VIS–NIR spectroscopic technique. The thermal stability of the crystal NPTMP is obtained from TGA/DTA/DSC techniques. The surface morphology of the crystal is collected from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the electronic contribution of hyperpolarizability parameters is obtained from MOPAC 2016 software. The third-order nonlinear optical properties were studied by the Z-scan technique using CW DPSS laser operating at 532 nm wavelength. The molecule exhibits a comparatively moderate optical limiting response due to reverse saturable absorption (RSA).

Cloud computing is the computing technology which provides resources like software, hardware, services over the internet. Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end- user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Cloud computing enables the user and organizations to store their data remotely and enjoy good quality applications on the demand without having any burden associated with local hardware resources and software managements but it possesses a new security risk towards correctness of data stored at cloud. The data storage in the cloud has been a promising issue in these days. This is due to the fact that the users are storing their valuable data and information in the cloud. The users should trust the cloud service providers to provide security for their data. Cloud storage services avoid the cost storage services avoids the cost expensive on software, personnel maintains and provides better performance less storage cost and scalability, cloud services through internet which increase their exposure to storage security vulnerabilities however security is one of the major drawbacks that preventing large organizations to enter into cloud computing environment. This work surveyed on several storage techniques and this advantage and its drawbacks.

A novel chalcone derivative (2E)-3-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-(3-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3DPNP) has been synthesized and crystals have been grown by slow solvent evaporation solution growth technique. The crystals were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The crystals are thermally stable up to 143.5 °C. The compound crystalizes in the monoclinic system, in centrosymmetric space group P21/n with unit cell parameters a = 8.6125(3) A, b = 12.3005(4) A, c = 14.8416(5) A, α = γ = 90.00°, β = 103.97(2)°, Z = 4, V = 1525.79(9) A3. The C–H…O intermolecular hydrogen bonding interactions stabilizes the crystal structure. Further the Hirshfeld surface analysis facilitates the study of the nature of intermolecular interactions and fingerprint plots provide the information about the percentage contribution from each individual contact.

A new chalcone compound (2E)-3-(3-methylphenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (3MPNP) with molecular formula C 16 H 13 NO 3 has been synthesized and crystallized by slow solvent evaporation technique. The Fourier transform infrared, Fourier transform Raman and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used for structural characterization. UV–visible absorption studies were carried out to study the transparency of the crystal in the visible region. Differential scanning calorimetry study shows thermal stability of crystals up to temperature 122 °C. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and powder X-ray diffraction techniques were used to study crystal structure and cell parameters. The Hirshfeld surface and 2-D fingerprint analysis were performed to study the nature of interactions and their quantitative contributions towards the crystal packing. The third order non-linear optical properties have been studied using single beam Z-scan technique and the results show that the material is a potential candidate for optical device applications such as optical limiters and optical switches.

Propionibacterium acnes is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, opportunistic pathogen known to be involved in a wide variety of diseases ranging from mild acne to prostate cancer. Bacterial small non-coding RNAs are novel regulators of gene expression and are known to be involved in, virulence, pathogenesis, stress tolerance and adaptation to environmental changes in bacteria. The present study was undertaken keeping in view the lack of predicted sRNAs of P. acnes KPA171202 in databases. This report represents the first attempt to identify sRNAs in P. acnes KPA171202. A total of eight potential candidate sRNAs were predicted using SIPHT, one was found to have a Rfam homolog and seven were novel. Out of these seven predicted sRNAs, five were validated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. The expression of these sRNAs was quantified in different growth phases by qPCR (quantitative PCR). They were found to be expressed in both exponential and stationary stages of growth but with maximum expression in stationary phase which points to a regulatory role for them. Further investigation of their targets and regulatory functions is in progress.

Introduction Diabetic patients often consume traditional medicines, available as over-the-counter products, concurrently with prescribed conventional medicines. A study of 180 marketed Ayurvedic antidiabetic formulations showed that Enicostema axillare subsp. littorale (Blume) A.Raynal (Mamajjakah) is being used frequently in several formulations by Ayurvedic industry, particularly from the Western India. The present overview covers the classical and current literature on the plant for its antidiabetic activity. Materials and methods: The classical Ayurvedic literature, the current texts of Dravyaguna Vidnyan, Ayurvedic journals as well as pharmacological literature on E. axillare have been reviewed for its Ayurvedic Dravyaguna rationale and antidiabetic activity. Results: The earliest description of the plant E. littorale has been found in Shodhal Nighantu (12th Century) with its various synonyms and its use as an antipyretic and anthelminthic drug. Medicinal properties of the plant in classical and other texts reveal that it can best be described as laghu (light), ruksha (dry), of tikta rasa (pungent taste), ushna veerya (hot potency) and katu vipak (after-effects like pungent taste). It ameliorates pitta and kapha doshas. Its main site of action is medodhatu (adipose tissue) having pramehaghna (antidiabetic) properties. The phytochemical studies show major molecules that have shown antidiabetic properties are swertiamarin, apigenin and isovitexin. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities; while in vivo studies have shown antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antihypertensive, antiobesity, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Several clinical studies have reported safety and antidiabetic activity in diabetic as well as prediabetics patients. Besides these, the plant has also shown nephroprotective, genoprotective activities as well as insulin sensitization. Conclusions: Wide use of E. axillare in diabetes mellitus suggests a need for thorough survey of its Ayurvedic pharmaco-epidemiology and drug utilization. The emergent data would facilitate Reverse Pharmacological study of the plant in diabetic patients. There is a potential for developing a safe and validated phytopharmaceutical antidiabetic drug.

The proposed work deals with modelling of single phase five level cascaded H bridge inverter. This kind of energy systems are fast growing power systems of recent years, mainly in the grid connected photovoltaic system area. Cascaded H bridge converters have more attention because of their medium voltage operation, high efficiency and effective power quality. This inverter gives five levels of output voltages. The amplitude and harmonics are controlled by adjusting the switching angle. The results of this inverter are simulated using MATLAB Simulink and the THD analysis of the inverter is done through FFT analysis in Simulink.

A novel organic nonlinear optical (NLO) compound (2E)-3-(2-methylphenyl)-1-(4-nitrophenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (2MPNP) has been synthesized and grown as a high-quality single crystal by the slow evaporation technique. 2MPNP crystals were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis-NIR, NMR, DSC, and Single Crystal XRD techniques. 2MPNP crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal class in the noncentrosymmetric space group Pca21 with cell parameters a = 29.905(4) A, b = 4.8241(5) A, c = 9.0984(10) A, α = β = γ = 90.00°, and V = 1312.58 A3 and Z = 4. Second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the grown crystal was found to be 1.17 times that of urea. Thermal analysis reveals that the crystal has better thermal stability.

One of the fundamental segments influencing the general execution of biometric structure is nature of biometric data. Low nature of biometric test generally brings about spurious or missing segments, which extends the enrolment frustration and degenerate the general execution of biometric systems. Finding the way of a photograph is the key issue in picture and video dealing with. For quality assessment of a photo distinctive methods have been evaluated. Nature of biometric test can be described as subjective and target methodologies. In this paper relationship of picture quality assessment techniques which are basic to update the execution of biometric system is displayed.

Objective To compare the efficacy of glycerin suppository versus no suppository in preterm very-low-birthweight neonates for improving feeding tolerance. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Level III neonatal unit from Mumbai, India. Participants 50 very-low-birthweight (birth weight between 1000 to 1500 grams)preterm (gestational age between 28 to 32 weeks) neonates randomized to glycerine suppository (n=25) or no intervention (n=26). Intervention Glycerin suppository (1g) once a day from day-2 to day-14 of life or no suppository, along with intermittent oral feeds and standardized care. Primary outcome Time required to achieve full enteral feeds (180 mL/kg/d). Results Baseline characteristics of neonates like gestational age, birthweight, gender and age at the time of introduction of feeds were comparable in both groups. The mean (SD) duration to reach full enteral feed was 11.90 (3.1) days in glycerin suppository group and was not significantly different (P=0.58) from control group, [11.33 (3.57) days]. Glycerin suppository group regained birth weight 2 days earlier than control group but this difference was not significant (P=0.16). There was no significant difference in duration of hospital stay or occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis amongst the two study groups. Conclusions Once daily application of glycerin suppository does not accelerate the achievement of full feeds in preterm very-low-birthweight neonates.

The leaves of mulberry ( Morus indica L.) of Moraceae, possess a number of bioactive compounds that fight against various ailments. In vitro free radical scavenging and in vivo antioxidant potential of mulberry leaves were investigated. Ethanolic extract of mulberry leaves was tested for antioxidant activity in vitro using butylated hydroxy toluene as a positive control. Erythrocyte membrane was used as peroxidation model system in vitro while elderly human volunteers who received mulberry leaf powder (5 g/day) for 60 days served as subjects for in vivo assessment. Mulberry leaf extract scavenged DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide radicals in a concentration dependent manner and inhibited FeSO 4 -induced lipid peroxidation and hydroperoxides in the erythrocyte membrane model. This was supported by significantly ( p p viz. β carotene (116%), vitamin A (69%), vitamin C (23%), vitamin E (55%) and ceruloplasmin (26%); decreased nitrite (43%) in serum and significantly elevated activity of superoxide dismutase (47%) and glutathione-S-transferase (72%) and reduced glutathione (21%, p

In the aircraft flight control systems, a quick detection of the faults, that occur in actuators, control surfaces or sensors, is necessary. In this paper, sensor fault detection and reconfiguration is performed using Kalman filter by estimating the states of the plant and comparing them with respective measured values from the sensors. Sensor fault detection and reconfiguration is carried out using non-model-based fuzzy logic technique. Control surface fault detection and reconfiguration is carried out by identifying the elements of control distribution matrix using extended Kalman filter and fuzzy logic. In estimating the factor of effectiveness of the control surface using fuzzy logic, different implication methods such as Mamadani's minimum, Larsen's product, bounded product and drastic product have been used and a comparison is made. Defence Science Journal, 2010, 60(1), pp.76-86 , DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.60.114

To compare the efficacy of enteral paracetamol and intravenous indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm neonates. Randomized controlled trial. Level III neonatal intensive care unit. 77 preterm neonates with birth weight ≤1500 g and PDA size ≥1.5 mm, with left to right ductal flow with left atrium to aortic root ratio >1.5:1; diagnosed by 2D-Echo within first 48 hours of life. Paracetamol drops through the infant feeding tube (15mg/kg/dose 6 hourly for 7 days) or intravenous indomethacin (0.2 mg/kg/dose once daily for 3 days). Primary: PDA closure rate assessed by echocardiography. Secondary: need for surgical closure of PDA, renal impairment, gastrointestinal bleed, necrotising enterocolitis, hepatotoxicity, pulmonary hemorrhage, sepsis, hypothermia, retinopathy of prematurity, intraventricular hemorrhage, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and mortality. PDA closure rate was 100% (36/36) in enteral paracetamol group as compared to 94.6% (35/37) in intravenous indomethacin group (P=0.13). The secondary outcomes were also similar between the two groups. There was no occurrence of hepatotoxicity. Enteral paracetamol is safe but not superior to intravenous indomethacin in the treatment of PDA in preterm neonates.

In a sample of n = 133 non-related patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, Gm and Km typings have been carried out and compared with healthy controls from the same geographical area. All the Gm allotypes tested were found to be more preponderant in the patients than in the healthy controls and these differences were found to be statistically significant for Gm (1) and Gm (5) only and not for the other immunoglobulin allotypes e. g. Gm (2). The frequency of Km (1) was lower and that of Km (3) was higher in the patients than in the controls. These differences were, however, statistically not significant.

Various (4-substituted) phenyl-3-β-[(N-benzenesulphonyl/tosyl)-4-(un)substituted anilino]propionylamido-1,3-thiazolidine-4-ones (3a–x) and 1-β-[(N-benzenesulphonyl/tosyl)-4-(un)substituted anilino]-propionylamido-3-chloro-4-(4-substituted)phenyl-azetidin-2-ones (4a–x) have been synthesised by the cyclocondensation of Schiff bases (2a-x) with thioglycolic acid and chloroacetyl chloride, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesised compounds have been established on the basis of their spectral data and elemental analysis. All compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cirroflagellosus, Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum capsici. Most compounds investigated exhibited significant antifungal activity against Colletotrichum capsici, comparable to that of fluconazole, the standard used.

The behavior of axially loaded cylindrical shells is studied using a general purpose non-linear shell element. The well-known nine-node degenerated shell element was selected among the variety of shell finite elements proposed and developed in the past by several researchers, because it satisfies all the compatibility conditions between adjacent elements directly and gives accurate results. The behavior of axially loaded cylindrical shells are observed through computations of some fabricated pipes which were tested in Nagoya University. The measured initial imperfections are included in the calculations. The effects of initial imperfections on the cylinder strength are also discussed.

The demand for treatment strategies for damaged musculoskeletal tissue is continuously growing, especially considering the increasing number of older people with degenerative diseases of the skeletal system such as osteoarthritis (OA). Since depletion of multipotent cells has been implicated in degenerative joint diseases, cell based therapies have been proposed for tissue regeneration, especially for cartilage repair. The aim of the present study is to focus on the possibility of deriving and expanding multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow samples of OA patients, by characterization of MSC at the single cell level. Single cell clonal cultures were established in 96 well plates by limiting dilution of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from three OA patients. A total of 14 clones were established for subsequent characterization. There was a wide variation in cell doubling times, with the time taken to reach 20 population doublings (PD) ranging from 37 days to more than 100 days. The clones were grouped into fast growing and slow growing clones. All except one of the fast growing stem cell clones were tripotential. However, the slow growing clones showed limited differentiation potential and morphological changes associated with cellular senescence with extended duration in culture. Flow cytometric analysis indicated a strong need to investigate for novel cell surface characteristic markers of BMSC because there was no obvious difference in the expression of the selected characteristic BMSC cell surface markers, CD29, CD44, CD90, CD105, and CD166 between fast growing and slow growing clones. This study has demonstrated the existence of a fast growing multipotential MSC population from bone marrow samples of OA patients. Therefore, despite a supposedly reduced stem cell compartment in these patients, we demonstrate here that they can still yield a potentially therapeutically useful source of syngeneic MSC.

Hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis as a soft tissue mass is rare; we came across a 65 years old female who presented with a left shoulder region mass. There was no previous history of any liver disease and liver function tests were normal. Histologically, it turned out to be a metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma.

In a sample of n = 133 non-related patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis, Gm and Km typings have been carried out and compared with healthy controls from the same geographical area. All the Gm allotypes tested were found to be more preponderant in the patients than in the healthy controls and these differences were found to be statistically significant for Gm (1) and Gm (5) only and not for the other immunoglobulin allotypes e.g. Gm (2). The frequency of Km (1) was lower and that of Km (3) was higher in the patients than in the controls. These differences were, however, statistically not significant.

Embryonal (undifferentiated) sarcomas arising in mesenchymal hamartoma are on record but cases of hepatic angiosarcoma (AS) arising in mesenchymal hamartoma (MH) of the liver are extremely rare. We report one such case in a 20-year-old male patient. He presented with a lump in the right hypochondriac region and pain of two years duration with rapid increase in size since two months. Ultrasonography (USG) revealed a well circumscribed mass on the undersurface of the right lobe of liver suggestive of hemangioma. The patient underwent resection of the mass. Histopathology revealed AS with areas of MH.