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© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Mechanistic models rely on specification of parameters representing biophysical traits and process rates such as phytoplankton, zooplankton and seagrass growth and respiration rates, organism sizes, stoichiometry, light, temperature and nutrient responses, nutrient-specific excretion rates and detrital stoichiometry and decay rates. Choosing suitable values for these parameters is difficult. Current practise is problematic. This paper presents a resource designed to facilitate an evidence-based approach to parameterisation of aquatic ecosystem models. An online tool is provided which collates relevant, published biological trait and biogeochemical rate observations from many sources and allows users to explore, filter and convert these data in a consistent, reproducible way, to find parameter values and calculate probability distributions. Using this information within a traditional or Bayesian paradigm should provide improved understanding of the uncertainty and predictive capacity of aquatic ecosystem models and provide insight into current sources of structural error in models.

Magnetotransport properties are investigated in the bilayer quantum Hall state at the total filling factor $��=2$. We measured the activation energy elaborately as a function of the total electron density and the density difference between the two layers. Our experimental data demonstrate clearly the emergence of the canted antiferromagnetic (CAF) phase between the ferromagnetic phase and the spin-singlet phase. The stability of the CAF phase is discussed by the comparison between experimental results and theoretical calculations using a Hartree-Fock approximation and an exact diagonalization study. The data reveal also an intrinsic structure of the CAF phase divided into two regions according to the dominancy between the intralayer and interlayer correlations., 6 pages, 7 figures

We measured the magnetoresistance of bilayer quantum Hall (QH) effects at the fractional filling factor $��=2/3$ by changing the total electron density and the density difference between two layers. Three different QH states were separated by two types of phase transition: One is the spin transition and the other is the pseudospin transition. In addition, two different hystereses were detected, one of which is specific to bilayer systems. The phase transitions and the hystereses are described well by a composite fermion model extended to a bilayer system., 4 pages, 5 figures

An efficient urban energy system could be a highly diverse and well-integrated structure of buildings and systems. Such a structure needs an energy management framework capable of providing information on appropriate energy saving measures at any scale of implementation. This paper proposes a method to design such a framework. For quality assurance, a method to deal with the uncertainty in building properties and in operational conditions of buildings and systems is designed into the framework in order to model the energy use during the operation phase of buildings.