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Additional file 4: Figure S1. Backfield DC demagnetization curves of the studied lava samples; 6K#569R4-2, 6K#569R4-3, 6K#562R1, and 6K#569R4-1. The measurements were taken in limited field range to extract only remanent coercivity (Hcr). The 6K#569R4-3 sample display both fresh (solid line, top) and altered (broken line, bottom) specimens.

Additional file 1: Table S1. pH and concentrations of Fe, Cu, Zn and Pb in seawater from powdered core samples at different temperature and redox conditions. Figure S1. Photographs of hydrothermal mineral cores for onboard leaching experiment: (a) C9026A 7X-CC (CKL-1), (b) C9027B 1X-CC (CKL-2), (c) C9028A 7S-CC (CKL-3), and (d) C9028A 1H-7 (CKL-4). Figure S2. Images of onboard leaching experiment: (a) an operation in the anaerobic chamber and (b) sample reactions in the water baths. Figure S3. Changes in Eh (V, SHE) for (a) CKL-1, (b) CKL-2, (c) CKL-3, and (d) CKL-4 solutions under different redox and temperature conditions. Plots show mean values of duplicates, and error bars indicate range of duplicate (difference between the max and min values).

Clinical studies show that patients with liver cirrhosis associated with portal hypertension have a high incidence of duodenal ulcer and duodenitis. However, little information is available concerning pathophysiological process of such duodenal diseases in liver cirrhosis. Hemodynamics of the duodenal mucosa was studied in cirrhotics with esophageal varices (68 cases) and in noncirrhotics with non-ulcer dyspepsia (37 cases) as well. In each group, hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral venous blood was measured, and mucosal hemodynamics was examined in 4 regions of the duodenum by endoscopic reflectance spectrophotometer. No significant intergroup difference was noted in the mean age or sex ratio. Hemoglobin concentration in the peripheral venous blood was significantly lower (p less than 0.01) in the cirrhotics. There were no significant intergroup differences in duodenal mucosal blood volume. However, the cirrhotics showed significantly lower oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in all regions of the duodenum (p less than 0.01). These results show that the cirrhotics with esophageal varices had relative increase in blood volume and decrease in oxygen saturation of hemoglobin in the duodenal mucosa. Such microcirculatory disturbances seem to predispose liver cirrhosis patients to duodenal injury.