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In this paper, the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of H-type finned tube banks are numerically investigated on the basis of a more accurate and convenient calculation method of fin efficiency for H-type fins. Experiments are performed to validate the numerical simulations. The variations of the Nusselt number, Euler number, and comprehensive factor [Formula: see text] with the Reynolds number and seven geometric parameters of H-type finned tube banks are obtained. The results indicate that the Nusselt number is proportional to the Reynolds number, the slit width, the fin thickness, and the longitudinal tube pitch; but, it is inversely proportional to the tube row number, the fin height, and the spanwise tube pitch. As the Reynolds number, the tube row number, the slit width, the fin pitch, and the spanwise tube pitch increase, the Euler number decreases. The [Formula: see text] factor rises with the increase of the slit width, and there exists an optimal tube row number ([Formula: see text]) at which the [Formula: see text] factor is the maximum. The correlations of the heat transfer (Nusselt number) and pressure drop (Euler number) of the 10-row H-type finned tube bank, which can nearly be considered to be fully developed, are presented. The numerical results and correlations have good applicability under different fluids and show good agreement with the experimental results and correlations.

The security of our data stores is underestimated in current practice, which resulted in many large-scale data breaches. To change the status quo, this paper presents the design of ShieldDB, an encrypted document database. ShieldDB adapts the searchable encryption technique to preserve the search functionality over encrypted documents without having much impact on its scalability. However, merely realising such a theoretical primitive suffers from real-world threats, where a knowledgeable adversary can exploit the leakage (aka access pattern to the database) to break the claimed protection on data confidentiality. To address this challenge in practical deployment, ShieldDB is designed with tailored padding countermeasures. Unlike prior works, we target a more realistic adversarial model, where the database gets updated continuously, and the adversary can monitor it at an (or multiple) arbitrary time interval(s). ShieldDB's padding strategies ensure that the access pattern to the database is obfuscated all the time. Additionally, ShieldDB provides other advanced features, including forward privacy, re-encryption, and flushing, to further improve its security and efficiency. We present a full-fledged implementation of ShieldDB and conduct intensive evaluations on Azure Cloud., Comment: Accepted version of our work published in IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering (TKDE, 2021)

Objectives Fluoxetine has been used as the first line for the therapy of depression. However, lack of therapeutic efficacy and time lag still limit the application of fluoxetine. Gap junction dysfunction is a potentially novel pathogenic mechanism for depression. To clarify the mechanism underlying these limitations, we investigated whether gap junction was related to the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. Methods and key findings After chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), animals showed decreases in gap junction intracellular communication (GJIC). Treatment with fluoxetine 10 mg/kg significantly improved GJIC and anhedonia of rats until six days. These results indicated that fluoxetine improved gap junction indirectly. Furthermore, to test the role of gap junction on antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, we blocked gap junction using carbenoxolone (CBX) infusion in the prefrontal cortex. CBX dampened fluoxetine-induced decrease in immobility time of mice in tail suspension test (TST). Conclusions Our study suggested that gap junction dysfunction blocks antidepressant effects of fluoxetine, contributing to understanding the mechanism underlying the time lag of fluoxetine.

ObjectivesGinsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) has been well-documented to be effective against ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, whether it has therapeutic effect on delayed neuronal death is still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Rg1 on delayed neuronal death and elucidate its underlying mechanism.MethodsDelayed neuronal death model was prepared by global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats, Rg1 was intravenously administered once a day. Nissl and Fluoro Jade B staining were carried out to evaluate the effect of Rg1 on delayed neuronal death. Western blot and qPCR were used to investigate the levels of HBXIP and Survivin. HBXIP/Survivin complex was observed by co-immunoprecipitation. AAV-CMV-shRNA (HBXIP) was used to observe the role of HBXIP on delayed neuronal death improved by Rg1.Key findingsRg1 attenuated delayed neuronal death at the dose of 20 mg/kg, which also improved the mRNA and protein levels of HBXIP, as well as Survivin. Moreover, administration of Rg1 promoted the formation of HBXIP/Survivin complex, which contributed to the reduction of caspases signaling pathway. Knockdown of HBXIP abolished the alleviation of DND and inhibition of caspase cascade induced by Rg1.ConclusionsRg1 alleviated delayed neuronal death by promoting anti-apoptosis effect by HBXIP/Survivin complex.

Purpose This study aims to explore the success factors of tourism performing arts (TPA) programs by analyzing a large data set of online reviews. Design/methodology/approach A total of 195,230 reviews from Ctrip.com were collected and preprocessed. A deep learning method was leveraged to estimate the similarity between words. Then, regression analysis was conducted to determine success factors. Findings This study extracted four positive and two negative factors affecting tourist satisfaction with tourism performance arts. The results demonstrate that the tourists paid the most attention to the traditional Chinese cultural aspects, audiovisual effects and the actors’ performing enthusiasm. Research limitations/implications Despite this study’s large data set, the focused was only on Chinese reviews. It would be useful and interesting to compare the success factors of tourism performance arts programs offered in different countries. Practical implications The study findings can contribute to the development of TPA programs to attract tourists to travel destinations. Originality/value This study demonstrates that analyzing online reviews of TPA through text mining technology is an effective method of understanding tourist satisfaction.

In this study, guar gum fibers were obtained by wet spinning, in which epichlorohydrin (ECH) and calcium chloride (CaCl

Panax ginseng is a valuable medicinal plant which is affected by many diseases during its long cultivation period. Ginseng root rot, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, has become severe in China. This soilborne pathogen comprises many formae speciales based on host specificity. Ten representative isolates from diseased ginseng rot root showed pathogenicity on ginseng. To identify the forma specialis of the F. oxysporum strains, host range tests of three representative isolates were carried out on nine plant species. All three isolates caused severe symptoms only on ginseng, but only slight or no visual symptoms on the other eight hosts, indicating that the strains were host-specific to ginseng. Phylogenetic trees were constructed based on sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) gene, two endopolygalacturonase genes (Pg1, Pg5) and two exopolygalacturonase genes (Pgx1 and Pgx4). The ten F. oxysporum isolates from ginseng clustered into a unique group clearly separated from other formae speciales already described. Based on the host range tests and phylogenetic analyses, the isolates of F. oxysporum derived from ginseng have been identified as a new forma specialis, designated Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ginseng. This is the first report of forma specialis of F. oxysporum on ginseng.

The incompleteness of knowledge graphs triggers considerable research interest in relation prediction. As the key to predicting relations among entities, many efforts have been devoted to learning the embeddings of entities and relations by incorporating a variety of neighbors' information which includes not only the information from direct outgoing and incoming neighbors but also the ones from the indirect neighbors on the multihop paths. However, previous models usually consider entity paths of limited length or ignore sequential information of the paths. Either simplification will make the model lack a global understanding of knowledge graphs and may result in the loss of important and indispensable information. In this article, we propose a novel global graph attention embedding network (GGAE) for relation prediction by combining global information from both direct neighbors and multihop neighbors. Concretely, given a knowledge graph, we first introduce the path construction algorithms to obtain meaningful paths, then design path modeling methods to capture the potential long-distance sequential information in the multihop paths, final propose an entity graph attention and a relation graph attention mechanisms to obtain entity embeddings and relation embeddings. Moreover, an entity graph attention mechanism is proposed to calculate the entity embeddings by aggregating direct incoming and outgoing neighbors from: 1) an original knowledge graph with the original entity and relation embeddings and 2) a new knowledge graph constructed by the paths whose embeddings are updated by path modeling methods. for each relation, we construct a new graph with related entities and present a relation graph attention to learn the features. Therefore, our model can encapsulate the information from different distance neighbors, and enable the embeddings of entities and relations to better capture all-sided semantic information. The experimental results on benchmark datasets verify the superiority of our model over the state-of-the-art ones.

The key to reducing the mortality of gastric cancer is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment of gastric cancer. Early diagnosis of gastric cancer is the key to early detection and diagnosis of gastric cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer is of great significance for improving the curative effect and reducing mortality of gastric cancer. The purpose of this paper is to study the diagnosis of early gastric cancer based on medical imaging techniques and mathematical modeling. The effect of W-DeepLab network-assisted diagnosis of images under white light was analyzed, and the value of Narrow Band Imaging and Blue Laser Imaging in the diagnosis of early gastric cancer was compared. Because Blue Laser Imaging endoscopy can clearly observe the demarcation line and microvascular morphology; but when using Narrow Band Imaging observation, part of the demarcation line and microvascular morphology is not observed. The results show that Blue Laser Imaging is brighter than Narrow Band Imaging’s endoscopic images, and it is easier to observe the microstructure of lesions under endoscopy, so as to accurately determine the nature of lesions.

Background: This study was to investigate the prevalence of preoperative rim enhancement, and its association with clinicopathological features, relapse, and survival profiles in Chinese basal-like...

The development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is associated with high mortality among gastric cancer (GC) patients. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) have been reported to correlate with the prothrombotic state in some diseases, but are rarely reported in GC patients.To investigate the effect of NETs on the development of cancer-associated thrombosis in GC patients.The levels of NETs in blood and tissue samples of patients were analyzed by ELISA, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence staining. NET generation and hypercoagulation of platelets and endothelial cells (ECs)NETs were likely to form in blood and tissue samples of GC patients compared with healthy individuals.GC-induced NETs strongly increased the risk of VTE development both

Ischemic stroke is characterized by the presence of reactive microglia. However, its precise involvement in stroke etiology is still unknown. We used metabolic profiling and showed that chemokine like factor 1 (CKLF1) causes acute microglial inflammation and metabolic reprogramming from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, which was reliant on the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)–mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)–hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway. Once activated, microglia enter a chronic tolerant state as a result of widespread energy metabolism abnormalities, which reduces immunological responses, including cytokine release and phagocytosis. Metabolically dysfunctional microglia were also found in mice using genome-wide RNA sequencing after chronic administration of CKLF1, and there was a decrease in the inflammatory response. Finally, we showed that the loss of CKLF1 reversed the defective immune response of microglia, as indicated by the maintenance its phagocytosis to neutrophils, thereby mitigating the long-term outcomes of ischemic stroke. Overall, CKLF1 plays a crucial role in the relationship between microglial metabolic status and immune function in stroke, which prepares a potential therapeutic strategy for ischemic stroke. Graphical Abstract

Because cone penetration test (CPT) is reasonably rapid, affordable and repeatable, it has been widely used in-situ for subsurface soil stratification and classification in geological and geotechnical engineering practice. When used for soil stratification across a two-dimensional (2D) geological cross section, however, it is often observed that some CPTs probe deeper than others, and that some CPT soundings may contain missing data due to presence of gravel-sized particles or intentional bypassing of gravelly soil layers. Arguments above and frequently encountered problem of a small number of CPT soundings in practice pose a great challenge for 2D soil stratification, especially for non-stationary CPT within multi-layers. While certain methods have been proposed hoping to address these concerns, they are frequently constrained by either stationary assumption of data, autocorrelation function forms, or computational issues. This study introduces a data-driven multi-task Bayesian compressive sensing (MT-BCS) method to estimate missing data for CPT sounding of interest, and then develops a modified 2D BCS method for fast interpolation for horizontal locations without CPT soundings. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated using both numerical and real-world CPT data. Results show that proposed method is both efficient and robust in terms of missing data estimate in each CPT sounding and soil stratification for a 2D geological cross section.

Current pre-training methods in computer vision focus on natural images in the daily-life context. However, abstract diagrams such as icons and symbols are common and important in the real world. We are inspired by Tangram, a game that requires replicating an abstract pattern from seven dissected shapes. By recording human experience in solving tangram puzzles, we present the Tangram dataset and show that a pre-trained neural model on the Tangram helps solve some mini visual tasks based on low-resolution vision. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed method generates intelligent solutions for aesthetic tasks such as folding clothes and evaluating room layouts. The pre-trained feature extractor can facilitate the convergence of few-shot learning tasks on human handwriting and improve the accuracy in identifying icons by their contours. The Tangram dataset is available at https://github.com/yizhouzhao/Tangram.

Purpose This paper aims to identify computational thinking (CT) in 4th to 6th grade students in the context of project-based problem-solving while engaged in an after-school program. Design/methodology/approach This case study approach was selected due to its suitability for answering “how” or “why” questions about real-world phenomena within a set context (Creswell and Poth, 2018; Yin, 2018). This was an appropriate fit given the context of an after-school program and the research question asked how to identify learners’ demonstrated CT through project-based learning hands-on activities and problem-solving in a naturalistic environment. Findings Results show that heuristics, algorithms and conditional logic were observed more than other components of CT such as data collection, simulations and modeling. Descriptions of common activities in a naturalistic learning environment are presented to illustrate how the students practiced CT over time, which could help readers develop an understanding of CT in conjunction with hands-on problem-solving activities in elementary students. Identifying and classifying CT in this study focused on students’ learning process. Originality/value This study contributes to the challenging field of evaluating CT while focusing on observable behaviors and problem-solving activities with various degrees of teacher’s facilitation instead of final artifacts. Implications for researchers and educators interested in integrating CT in K-12 learning and its assessment are discussed.

Collybiopsis bambusicola Q.Y. Zhang, J. Si & H.J. Li, sp. nov. (Figures 2–3) MycoBank no.—845655 Etymology:— Bambusicola (Lat.): refers to the species that inhabit dead bamboo. Diagnosis:—This species notably has nearly poroid hymenophores radially arranged from the base of the stipe, oblong ellipsoid basidiospores, and gregarious on dead bamboo. Habitat and distribution:—Gregarious on dead bamboo, at present only discovered from its type locality with three collections, mid-summer. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe, Jinping County, Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, E 103°28′, N 22°53′, 16 August 2019, Dai 20745 (Holotype, BJFC 032412). Description: —Basidiomata annual, gregarious, gelatinous when fresh, brittle when dry. Pilei conchoidal, reniform or round, 2–5 mm broad; pileal surface cream to cinnamon when fresh, becoming brownish gray upon drying, powdery, convex to plane, striate to sulcate; context concolorous with pileal surface, thin, 0.2–1 mm (Figure 2). Hymenophore concolorous with pileal surface, lamellate; lamellae forked and transverse veined to nearly poroid, radially arranged as if a concentric ring centered on the base of the stipe, close with 1–2 series of lamellulae; lamellae surface powdery. Stipe eccentric, yellow near the pileus and to reddish brown near the base, terete, solid, 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm (Figure 2). Odor and taste indistinct. Basidiospores 6–8.3(–9.2) × 3–4.3 μm, L = 7.43 μm, W = 3.89 μm, Q = 1.87–1.95 (n = 60/2), oblong ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, with one or two guttules, IKI–, CB– (Figure 3a). Basidia 25−32 ×6−8 µm, clavate, 2– spored, sterigmata 3–6 μm long; basidioles narrowly clavate to lanceolate. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 15–27 × 7–12 µm, clavate to pyriform to coralloid, with one or more broad finger-like projections at the apex (Figure 3e). Pileipellis hyphae interwoven, smooth to diverticulate, thin-walled, 2–6 µm in diameter; terminal cells free-form or “antler-shaped”, with broad finger-like projections (Figure 3c). Tramal hyphae subparallel, hyaline, some part swollen, thin-walled, 1.5–4 μm in diameter (Figure 3e). Hyphae in stipe parallel along stipe, sometimes swollen, slightly thickwalled, 4−6 µm in diameter (Figure 3d); Caulocystidia hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, clavate to irregular, 9–14 × 4.5–8 µm (Figure 3b); Clamp connections present in all tissues. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe, Jinping County, Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, E 103°28′, N 22°53′, on dead bamboo, 16 August 2019, Dai 20739 (BJFC 032406), Dai 20740 (BJFC 032407)., Published as part of Zhang, Qiu-Yue, Zhou, Meng, Shi, Feng-Ming, Si, Jing & Li, Hai-Jiao, 2023, Collybiopsis bambusicola sp. nov. in Yunnan Province, Southwestern China, pp. 125-135 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on pages 129-131, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.7, http://zenodo.org/record/7517756

Collybiopsis bambusicola Q.Y. Zhang, J. Si & H.J. Li, sp. nov. (Figures 2–3) MycoBank no.—845655 Etymology:— Bambusicola (Lat.): refers to the species that inhabit dead bamboo. Diagnosis:—This species notably has nearly poroid hymenophores radially arranged from the base of the stipe, oblong ellipsoid basidiospores, and gregarious on dead bamboo. Habitat and distribution:—Gregarious on dead bamboo, at present only discovered from its type locality with three collections, mid-summer. Type:— CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe, Jinping County, Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, E 103°28′, N 22°53′, 16 August 2019, Dai 20745 (Holotype, BJFC 032412). Description: —Basidiomata annual, gregarious, gelatinous when fresh, brittle when dry. Pilei conchoidal, reniform or round, 2–5 mm broad; pileal surface cream to cinnamon when fresh, becoming brownish gray upon drying, powdery, convex to plane, striate to sulcate; context concolorous with pileal surface, thin, 0.2–1 mm (Figure 2). Hymenophore concolorous with pileal surface, lamellate; lamellae forked and transverse veined to nearly poroid, radially arranged as if a concentric ring centered on the base of the stipe, close with 1–2 series of lamellulae; lamellae surface powdery. Stipe eccentric, yellow near the pileus and to reddish brown near the base, terete, solid, 1–2 × 0.5–1 mm (Figure 2). Odor and taste indistinct. Basidiospores 6–8.3(–9.2) × 3–4.3 μm, L = 7.43 μm, W = 3.89 μm, Q = 1.87–1.95 (n = 60/2), oblong ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, with one or two guttules, IKI–, CB– (Figure 3a). Basidia 25−32 ×6−8 µm, clavate, 2– spored, sterigmata 3–6 μm long; basidioles narrowly clavate to lanceolate. Pleurocystidia absent. Cheilocystidia 15–27 × 7–12 µm, clavate to pyriform to coralloid, with one or more broad finger-like projections at the apex (Figure 3e). Pileipellis hyphae interwoven, smooth to diverticulate, thin-walled, 2–6 µm in diameter; terminal cells free-form or “antler-shaped”, with broad finger-like projections (Figure 3c). Tramal hyphae subparallel, hyaline, some part swollen, thin-walled, 1.5–4 μm in diameter (Figure 3e). Hyphae in stipe parallel along stipe, sometimes swollen, slightly thickwalled, 4−6 µm in diameter (Figure 3d); Caulocystidia hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, clavate to irregular, 9–14 × 4.5–8 µm (Figure 3b); Clamp connections present in all tissues. Additional specimens examined (paratypes): — CHINA. Yunnan Province: Honghe, Jinping County, Fenshuiling Nature Reserve, E 103°28′, N 22°53′, on dead bamboo, 16 August 2019, Dai 20739 (BJFC 032406), Dai 20740 (BJFC 032407).

In this paper, we propose an efficient self-supervised arbitrary-scale super-resolution (SR) framework to reconstruct isotropic magnetic resonance (MR) images from anisotropic MRI inputs without involving external training data. The proposed framework builds a training dataset using in-the-wild anisotropic MR volumes with arbitrary image resolution. We then formulate the 3D volume SR task as a SR problem for 2D image slices. The anisotropic volume's high-resolution (HR) plane is used to build the HR-LR image pairs for model training. We further adapt the implicit neural representation (INR) network to implement the 2D arbitrary-scale image SR model. Finally, we leverage the well-trained proposed model to up-sample the 2D LR plane extracted from the anisotropic MR volumes to their HR views. The isotropic MR volumes thus can be reconstructed by stacking and averaging the generated HR slices. Our proposed framework has two major advantages: (1) It only involves the arbitrary-resolution anisotropic MR volumes, which greatly improves the model practicality in real MR imaging scenarios (e.g., clinical brain image acquisition); (2) The INR-based SR model enables arbitrary-scale image SR from the arbitrary-resolution input image, which significantly improves model training efficiency. We perform experiments on a simulated public adult brain dataset and a real collected 7T brain dataset. The results indicate that our current framework greatly outperforms two well-known self-supervised models for anisotropic MR image SR tasks., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures

Table of underwater windows for various ocean waters

Understanding the variations of water cycle on orbital timescale and their response to astronomical parameters, greenhouse gases (GHG) and ice sheets is one of the focuses in paleoclimate study. Sea ice and precipitation, two important components of the water cycle, are paid much attention. A better understanding of their variations on orbital timescale, especially their response to external forcing and related processes and feedbacks, could provide insight on their long-term variations in the future. The latest research results show that, on orbital scale, the Arctic sea ice is more sensitive to insolation, while the Southern Ocean sea ice is more sensitive to GHG. Under the combined influence of insolation and GHG, the last nine interglacials all have much less summer Arctic sea ice, as compared to both the present-day and the future, due to the much higher Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer insolation. As compared to the future, the last nine interglacials all have much more annual and seasonal Southern Ocean sea ice due to their much lower CO2. In terms of the astronomical parameters, the Arctic sea ice is more influenced by precession, whereas obliquity plays a more important role in the Southern Ocean sea ice. The different responses of Arctic and Southern Ocean sea ice to astronomical parameters and CO2 are mainly due to their different geographical locations. The Arctic ocean is relatively closed and it is located in the northern highest latitudes, which make it only receives very little insolation during winter and it is mainly influenced by precession-dominated summer insolation. The summer insolation not only influences the summer Arctic sea ice, but also has an effect on the winter one through the summer remnant effect. In addition, the Arctic sea ice is also affected by the vegetation in the northern mid and high latitudes, which is mainly dominated by precession. As compared to the Arctic, the latitudes of Southern Ocean are lower and it is more open, which make it is more sensitive to the annual insolation and CO2. The relative effect of precession, obliquity and CO2 on precipitation largely depends on different regions and time periods. The tropical precipitation changes also show obvious half-precession cycles in response to the maximum equatorial insolation. In addition, astronomically-induced slow variation of insolation can trigger abrupt changes of the Atlantic meridional circulation (AMOC) through sea ice-ocean interactions in the Labrador and Nordic Seas, consequently leading to abrupt oscillations in large-scale temperature and precipitation. In East Asia, the summer precipitation in the northern part is more influenced by insolation, with a dominant precession signal. Precession-dominated insolation can influence the atmospheric circulation through its effect on the land-sea thermal contrast, which finally affects the summer monsoon precipitation. However, the summer precipitation in the southern region is more influenced by ice sheets, by their control on the meridional movement of the Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). In addition, the Eurasian ice sheet can further influence the precipitation in the southern part through a south-eastwards perturbation planetary wave. Moreover, the effects of insolation and ice sheets on the summer monsoon precipitation show strong regional and nonlinear characteristics, which depend on the extent, height and location of the ice sheets and the intensity of insolation.