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Background: Raised Intraocular pressure (IOP) is proven to be the most important risk factor for developing glaucoma, around the world. Hypertensive patients with IOP are more prone to develop Open Angle Glaucoma (OAG) which is one of the major causes of blindness globally. Method: This study was a hospital-based cross-sectional study, conducted in community ophthalmology in BSMMU Hospital during the period of July 2021 to June 2022 The total sample size for this study was 153. Result: Most of the respondents 42(27.5%) were in the age group 41-50 years The Mean ±SD age was 37.15±17.14. 64(41.8%) were male and most 89(58.2%) were female. Refractive Error was found in 11(7.2%) cases and followed by NTG e-ps in 17(11.1%), PACG in 16(10.5%), NTG in 3(2%), (B\E) 1(0.7%). There were 3(4.3%) patients in 20-29 years age group with the most frequent (IOP)A(mmHg) range 12-12 and followed by 29(42%) were 30-50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 18-22 and 37(53.6%) were >50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 22-36. There were 1(1.7%) patients in 20-29 years age group with the most frequent (IOP)A(mmHg) range 10-12 and followed by 22(37.3%) were 30-50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 18-20 and 36(61%) were >50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 20-40. There were 1(1.6%) patients in 20-29 years age group with the most frequent (IOP)A(mmHg) range 10-10 and followed by 25(39.7%) were 30-50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 18-18 and 37(58.7%) were >50 years with (IOP)A(mmHg) range 20-36. Conclusion: Glaucoma is the proved to be second commonest cause of blindness globally which is accounting for 8 % of world blindness. Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for the incidence and progression of glaucoma.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a viral infection that, if does not go away, can cause health problems like genital warts and cancer. The national immunization schedules for individuals before sexual debut, significantly decreased HPV-associated mortality and it will be affordable. However, immunization programs remain vulnerable to macroeconomic factors such as inflation, fiscal policy, employment levels, and national income. This review aims to investigate the association between national income in lower-middle-income countries to explore recent advances and potential issues, as well as how to deal with challenges.

Aim: To evaluate the visual outcome after manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) as a treatment of phacolytic glaucoma. Methods: The study included 43 patients with phacolytic glaucoma treated by manual small incision cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity and intraocular pressure have been recorded and compared at the end of six weeks after surgery. Results: The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 36.23 (± 10.86) mm of Hg. There were no significant intraoperative complications such as posterior capsular tear or expulsive hemorrhage. Post operative mean intraocular pressure (IOP) was 12.58 (± 3.45) mm Hg. Pre operative visual acuity in all the affected eyes were perception of light with projection of rays in all quadrant. Postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 6/6-6/18 in 27 patients (62.80%), 6/24- 6/36 in 10 patients (23.25%) and ≤ 6/60 in 6 patients (13.95%). Conclusion: Manual small incision cataract surgery is a safe and effective method of treatment for phacolytic glaucoma and the visual outcome and IOP reduction is satisfactory.

PurposeDiabetes Mellitus (DM) patients were exposed to subacute risk as a result of the unanticipated lockdown. Furthermore, most DM patients were unable to engage in physical activity during that period. This impediment to proper healthcare management had increased Blood Glucose Levels (BGL). Therefore, initiatives must be adopted to prevent the same result in the second lockdown in 2021 for the well-being of patients.MethodThis statistical analysis aimed to assess the rise in BGL of diabetic patients before and during the lockdown. A survey was conducted among the DM patients in the Bangladeshi cohort, who came from various socioeconomic backgrounds and included both men and women. The statistical modeling, performed with the help of stat-ease software, was conducted by applying the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method to Response Surface Methodology (RSM).ResultOut of the 3 models applied (quadratic, main effect and sequential sum of squares for 2 factor interaction (2FI)) in 2 different response vectors the 2FI model was the best suited (p value - 0.0441 and 0.0015). The results yielded by the 2FI model were used to evaluate RSM.ConclusionThe analysis had shown a significant rise in the BGL among the DM patients during the lockdown, and the patients with the higher BMI tend to have a more significant increment in the BGL. Male patients experienced a greater rise in BGL. Furthermore, elderly patients with high Random Blood Glucose (RBG) levels before lockdown were more likely to have high RBG levels during the lockdown.

In the current global economy, Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) is essential to for the survival of SMEs. More importantly, active SMEs generally contribute to the economy through poverty reduction, employment generation, innovation, social cohesion, and hence, SMEs are considered as a key apparatus of economic growth. This study aimed to investigate empirically the effects of EM strategy on the SME Performance and the role of organizational culture (OC) on their relationship since, these relationships obtain a substantial scholarly attention and several researches have been conducted in the western countries, but none has been conducted in Bangladesh using all these variables in a single model. A structured survey was conducted and selected 384 owners of SMEs in Bangladesh via cluster random sampling. The hypotheses were tested using SEM-AMOS package 25.0 based on configuration theory. Based on the statistical results, EM strategy and OC were significantly related to Bangladeshi SME performance and OC was found to mediate the relationship between EM and SME performance. Consequently, the findings evoked that there is a dire need to focus on EM strategy and organizational culture for boosting performance of SMEs and its sustainability.

Generally, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) is required to expose the appropriate items for using in the research instrument. Thus, this study takes steps to develop and validate instrument of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) construct through EFA particularly in the context of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. This study is exercised EFA as it is far different from previous studies in terms of socio-economic, racial and cultural status and some items of the previous studies are no longer suitable for current research. More importantly, maximum number of previous studies examined only innovativeness, pro-activeness, and risk-taking as the dimensions of EO. However, quite a few researchers concentrating on other substantial attributes of EO. Hence, there is still no common agreement among researchers as the number of dimensions as well as items should be employed to measure EO. So, this study has examined innovativeness, pro-activeness, risk-taking, and resource-leveraging as the core dimensions to measure EO and also presenting an instrument of EO. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design, while quantitative data was collected from 384 SMEs across eight states in Bangladesh, using structured survey. Based on the reliability testing, this study finalized the instrument to twelve (12) items yielding three (3) dimensions, i.e., innovativeness (3 items), pro-activeness (3 items) risk-taking (3 items), and resource-leveraging (3 items). In this regard, researchers calculated the value of internal reliability (i.e., Cronbach Alpha value) for the current EO instrument. This study explained in detail the procedures for carrying out EFA analysis for EO construct. Future researchers could further extend the instrument presented in this study by cross-examining across the underdeveloped, developing and developed countries.

Past studies endorsed that there is a quite number of factors have been considered as the influencing factors of employee performance in an organization. Some of these are selection, training and development, performance appraisal, promotion, job design, security, and satisfaction, compensation system, employee commitment, personality, emotional intelligence, organizational citizenship behavior among others. While several studies considered investigating the influence of human resource management practices on employee performance in different context such as America, Africa and Europe, but very little attention have given in South-Asian countries like Bangladesh. Hence, this manuscript attempted to investigate the impact of compensation system on employee performance using quantitative analysis. To do so, survey was conducted as well as perceptions of 200 employees working in telecommunication service providers in Bangladesh were obtained to analyze the relationships. The data is analyzed and hypotheses were tested by using IBM-SPSS-AMOS package 25.0. The study found that employee engagement partially mediates the relationship between compensation system and employee performance by the data of this study. This research indorsed that there is a candid need to implement better compensation system by the entrepreneurs which will ensure better employee performance in line with consistent growth of firms as well as Bangladeshi GDP.