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Introduction: Soft tissue tumors are variegated and heterogeneous collection of tumors. Diagnosis and proper management is essential of these tumors. In our study we recorded detailed clinical history with examination of patients from records including age, sex, site of tumor. Also record different microscopic patterns and incidence of soft tissue tumors. Materials and Methods: Total 360 cases we analyzed in June 2008 to June 2012 in our tertiary care centre. We used some special stains & immunohistochemical markers in doubtful case where ever possible. Results: There are total 360 (9.9%) soft tissue tumors obtained from all tumors received, 330(91.7%) were benign and 30 (8.3%) were malignant. Highest prevalence of benign tumors had in 21 to 30 years of age and of malignant in 41 to 50 years. Lipoma is most common tumor in benign (52.4%), while liposarcoma (33.3%) of malignant tumors. Males (55.8%) having high incidence in benign as well as malignant tumors than females (44.2%). Extremities are commonest location for both benign and malignant followed by head and neck. Immunohistochemistry is done in 15 cases only to confirm the diagnosis. Conclusions: The clinicomorphological evaluation of soft tissue tumors is gold standard in present days also for diagnosis and management especially in the institute where the new techniques like IHC & molecular pathology are not available. But the immunohistochemistry is needed for proper diagnosis, further management of patients and correct classification of tumors. Keywords: Benign, Malignant soft tissue tumors, Lipoma.

Introduction: The advent of promising targeted therapies against specific subtypes of Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma (NSCLC) has made it mandatory for the pathologists to subclassify NSCLC into its subtypes, along with saving tissue for molecular studies and work closely with the radiologists and the clinicians for effective management of the cases. Aim: To subclassify NSCLC into its subtypes using routine diagnostic techniques, to study the demographic, clinical and radiological features of lung cancer in addition to performing a limited immunohistochemistry panel on bronchoscopic samples. Materials and Methods: Clinically and radiologically suspected cases of lung cancer having non-small cell morphology were subjected to cytological and histopathological examination for subtyping. A limited immunohistochemistry (IHC) panel comprising of TTF-1, Napsin A, P63 and Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NCAM) was used in poorly differentiated tumours for further subtyping. Results: There were 52 cases of NSCLC with an incidence rate of 1.78 per 1000 per 1.5 years. Average age of patients was 56.13 years and there was a slight male preponderance. Breathlessness (85%) was the most frequent clinical finding followed by weight loss and cough (81% each). All cases presented with solid nodule or mass lesion. Adenocarcinoma (n=46%) was the most frequent histological type followed by Squamous cell carcinoma (n=34%). Ten poorly differentiated cases were classified on IHC as follows: three cases each of NSCLC favour Adenocarcinoma and NSCLC favour Squamous cell carcinoma, two cases each of Small cell lung carcinoma and NSCLC Not Otherwise Specified (NOS). Conclusion: Using routine diagnostic methods and a limited IHC panel comprising of TTF-1, Napsin A, P63 and NCAM in biopsies, it was possible to classify all 52 cases of NSCLC as per latest classification guidelines while restricting the number of NOS cases to just two.

Objectives Most human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients develop various skin diseases. These skin manifestations not only act as markers but also reflect the patient's underlying immune status. Investigating CD4 counts is costly and not always possible. Thus, the potential value to be gained by using skin manifestations as predictors of low CD4 counts and disease progression should be explored. The present study attempted to correlate the association of various cutaneous disorders found in HIV patients with CD4 and CD8 counts, the CD4 : CD8 ratio and stage of HIV infection. Methods This was a prospective study involving 61 patients who were HIV-positive and demonstrated skin lesions. Punch biopsies of skin were taken for histopathological diagnosis. CD4 and CD8 T cell counts were performed. Results The study sample included a majority of male patients, most of whom were aged 21–40 years. Pruritic papular dermatitis was the most common skin manifestation, followed by molluscum contagiosum, eosinophilic folliculitis, and Hansen's disease. Most of the lesions were associated with CD4 counts of

Entomophthoromycosis (subcutaneous zygomycosis) is a sporadic subcutaneous infection that is largely restricted to tropical areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. It presents in two clinically distinct forms. Subcutaneous zygomycosis, caused by Basidiobolus ranarum and rhinofacial zygomycosis caused by Conidiobolus coronatus. Neither of these two forms occur preferentially in patients with underlying disease or defective immunity1. Entomophthoromycosis is characterized by the formation of firm and nontender swellings, generally on the extremities, trunk, & rarely other parts of the body2. Subcutaneous zygomycosis can also mimic soft tissue tumors3. We present 2 cases with large, rapid-growing zygomycotic subcutaneous lesions, initially misdiagnosed as a soft tissue tumor, emphasizing importance of rapid & thorough diagnosis with a high index of suspicion, especially in endemic areas. Our experience with these cases highlights importance of awareness & early recognition of this condition to prevent disfigurement produced by advanced disease, misdiagnosis, & unnecessary delay in treatment. Subcutaneous zygomycosis should be considered in differential diagnosis of subcutaneous swellings, especially in tropical countries. Treatment should be given on histopathological diagnosis as fungus is difficult to grow in culture with immunology & serology having limited basis in use for diagnostic purposes.

Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is a rare chronic myeloproliferative disorder characterized by splenomegaly, sustained neutrophilic leukocytosis, raised serum vitamin B12 level and absence of the Philadelphia chromosome and BCR/ABL1 fusion gene. CNL can be distinguished from chronic myelogenous leukemia, leukemoid reaction and myelodysplastic syndrome. We report a case of 45 year old male patient with CNL.

Persistent Mullerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a disorder of male pseudohermaphroditism characterized by the persistence of Mullerian duct derivatives (uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper two-third of vagina) in a phenotypically and genotypically male. Transverse testicular ectopia (TTE) is a rare congenital anomaly in which both gonads migrate toward same hemiscrotum. About 150 cases of PMDS and 100 cases of TTE have been reported in previous studies. Testicular tumor in patients with PMDS with TTE is very rare. We report a case of testicular seminoma in a 35-year-old male patient with PMDS and TTE. Preoperative diagnosis was not possible in most of the reported cases.

We are presenting a rare case of toxoplasma lymphadenopathy with hyper viscosity syndrome due to polyclonal gammopathy. A 30 year old female presented with generalized lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsy findings suggestive of toxoplasmosis were confirmed on serology. Bone marrow aspiration showed 50 % plasma cells. On serum electrophoresis broad, diffuse band noted, indicative of polyclonal gammopathy. M band was absent. The patient was immunocompetent and presented with hyper viscosity syndrome masking the symptoms of underlying toxoplasmosis.

A study of the cytologic features and role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBL) of 21 patients with HIV (group 1) and 21 patients without HIV (group 2) infection was undertaken. Four cytologic patterns were observed, of which necrotizing lymphadenitis (42.9%) and necrotizing suppurative lymphadenitis (28.6%) were predominant in group 1 while necrotizing granulomatous lymphadenitis (47.7%) and granulomatous lymphadenitis (23.8%) were more common in group 2. No pattern was found specific for either group. Zeihl-Neelsen-stained cytology smears of group 1 showed a much higher percentage of positively (61.9%) and a higher density of acid-fast bacilli than group 2. Definitive diagnoses of TBL on FNAC could be provided in 61.9% of group 1 as against 9.5% of group 2. The need for culture or biopsy for definitive diagnosis was higher in group 2. In suspected TBL, diagnostic efficacy can be improved and the need for surgical biopsy reduced if material collected on FNA is also used for culture.

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of 32 HIV-positive cases presenting with lymphadenopathy was performed to evaluate its role in this group of patients. For each case air-dried smears were stained with Leishman, hematoxylin and eosin, and Zeihl-Neelsen stains for acid fast bacilli (AFB). The results were tuberculous (TB) lymphadenopathy (15), reactive lymphadenopathy (10), acute lymphadenitis/abscess (5), and suspected malignancy (2). In seven cases of TB lymphadenitis findings were suggestive of TB since no AFB was demonstrable on the cytology smears. In TB lymphadenitis, two additional patterns besides necrotising granulomatous (4) and granulomatous (2) were observed. These were necrotising (6) and necrotising suppurative (3) patterns. FNAC is a simple, inexpensive, rapid investigative procedure which can reduce surgical excisions and provide definite guidelines about further management.