202 results on '"Shabir H. Wani"'
Search Results
2. Nuclear Factor-Y (NF-Y): Developmental and Stress-Responsive Roles in the Plant Lineage
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Polavarapu B. Kavi Kishor, Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Shabir H. Wani, Rajasheker Guddimalli, Appa Rao Karumanchi, Sujatha Edupuganti, Jalaja Naravula, Vinay Kumar, Rathnagiri Polavarapu, Prashanth Suravajhala, and Suprasanna Penna
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Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2022
3. DNA marker based diversity across rice genotypes and advanced breeding lines bred for temperate regions of North-West India
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null Nakeeb-Un-Nisa, Aafreen Sakina, Najeebul Rehman Sofi, Asif B. Shikari, Reyaz R. Mir, M. Ashraf Bhat, Showkat A. Waza, Sofora Jan, Sumira Rafiqee, Gazala H. Khan, and Shabir H. Wani
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Genetics ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2022
4. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for scab resistance in apple (Malus × domestica) variety, Shireen
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Saba Mir, Aafreen Sakina, Khalid Z. Masoodi, Khalid M. Bhat, Bilal A. Padder, Imtiyaz Murtaza, Nagina Nazir, Zahoor Ahmad Bhat, Shabir H. Wani, and Asif B. Shikari
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Genetics ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2022
5. Molecular mechanisms, genetic mapping, and genome editing for insect pest resistance in field crops
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Shabir H. Wani, Mukesh Choudhary, Rutwik Barmukh, Pravin K. Bagaria, Kajal Samantara, Ali Razzaq, Jagdish Jaba, Malick Niango Ba, and Rajeev K. Varshney
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Gene Editing ,Insecta ,fungi ,Genetics ,Animals ,food and beverages ,Genomics ,General Medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Key message Improving crop resistance against insect pests is crucial for ensuring future food security. Integrating genomics with modern breeding methods holds enormous potential in dissecting the genetic architecture of this complex trait and accelerating crop improvement. Abstract Insect resistance in crops has been a major research objective in several crop improvement programs. However, the use of conventional breeding methods to develop high-yielding cultivars with sustainable and durable insect pest resistance has been largely unsuccessful. The use of molecular markers for identification and deployment of insect resistance quantitative trait loci (QTLs) can fastrack traditional breeding methods. Till date, several QTLs for insect pest resistance have been identified in field-grown crops, and a few of them have been cloned by positional cloning approaches. Genome editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, are paving the way to tailor insect pest resistance loci for designing crops for the future. Here, we provide an overview of diverse defense mechanisms exerted by plants in response to insect pest attack, and review recent advances in genomics research and genetic improvements for insect pest resistance in major field crops. Finally, we discuss the scope for genomic breeding strategies to develop more durable insect pest resistant crops.
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- 2022
6. MYB-6 and LDOX-1 regulated accretion of anthocyanin response to cold stress in purple black carrot (Daucus carota L.)
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Niyaz A. Dar, Mudasir A. Mir, Javid I. Mir, Sheikh Mansoor, Wasia Showkat, Tasmeen J. Parihar, Syed Anam Ul Haq, Shabir H. Wani, Gul Zaffar, and Khalid Z. Masoodi
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Genetics ,General Medicine ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2022
7. Crop simulation mediated assessment of climate change impact on rice grown under temperate high-altitude valley of Kashmir
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Ab. Shakoor, Najeebul Rehman Sofi, Ashaq Hussain, Gazala H. Khan, Mehrajuddin Sofi, F. A. Mohiddin, Shabir H. Wani, S. Sheeraz Mehdi, N. A. Bhat, and Asif Bashir Shikari
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Atmospheric Science - Published
- 2022
8. An advanced breeding approach toward Sorghum improvement
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Yaswant Kumar Pankaj and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
9. Genetic improvement of rice grain quality
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Kajal Samantara, Vincent P. Reyes, Kinjal Mondal, Om Prakash Raigar, Parichita Priyadarshini, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
10. Advances in QTL mapping for biotic stress tolerance in wheat
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Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya, Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Jamedar, A. Shanmugam, Sirisha Kaniganti, Yengkhom Linthoingambi Devi, Penumajji Ganesh Kumar, Rudrakshi Mekala, Chetariya Chana Pitha, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
11. Drought stress tolerance in wheat: Recent QTL mapping advances
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Ali Razzaq, Muhammad Usama Noman, Salman Azhar, Fozia Saleem, Vijay Gahlaut, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
12. Small millet improvement using molecular breeding approaches
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Yaswant Kumar Pankaj and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
13. Identification of tolerance for wheat rusts: Insights in recent QTL mapping efforts
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Samra Farooq, Asifa Shahzadi, Ali Razzaq, Fozia Saleem, Disha Kamboj, Satish Kumar, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
14. Recent advances in molecular marker technology for QTL mapping in plants
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Kirti Rani, Mithlesh Kumar, Ali Razzaq, B.C. Ajay, Praveen Kona, Sandip Kumar Bera, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
15. Abiotic stress tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Molecular breeding perspectives
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Vijay Gahlaut, Tinku Gautam, and Shabir H. Wani
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- 2023
16. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE): elucidated mechanisms, mapped genes and gene networks in maize (Zea mays L.)
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Shabir H. Wani, Roshni Vijayan, Mukesh Choudhary, Anuj Kumar, Abbu Zaid, Vishal Singh, Pardeep Kumar, and Jeshima Khan Yasin
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Physiology ,Plant Science ,Molecular Biology - Published
- 2021
17. Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional mechanisms regulating salt tolerance in plants
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Shabir H. Wani, Varsha Shriram, Suprasanna Penna, Ashish Kumar Srivastava, and Vinay Kumar
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Salt (chemistry) ,Salt Tolerance ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,Plants ,Plants, Genetically Modified ,Cell biology ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Genetics ,Plant Proteins - Published
- 2021
18. Role of C3 Cycle Genes and Enzymes in Overcoming Environmental Stress
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Monika Bansal and Shabir H Wani
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- 2022
19. Explicating genetic diversity based on ITS characterization and determination of antioxidant potential in sea buckthorn (Hippophae spp.)
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Mudasir A. Mir, F.A. Nehvi, Javeed Ia Bhat, Khalid Z. Masoodi, Syed Anam ul Haq, Shabir H. Wani, Aqleema Banoo, M. N. Khan, Talat Masoodi, S. A. Mir, Sameena Maqbool Lone, Fauzia Shafi, and Rizwan Haroon Rashid
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Genetic diversity ,ABTS ,food.ingredient ,biology ,DPPH ,Hippophae rhamnoides ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,DNA barcoding ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutraceutical ,food ,chemistry ,Hippophae ,Botany ,Genetics ,Internal transcribed spacer ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae) is in the focus of interest mainly for its positive effects on health of both human and animal organisms. Due to the similarities in vegetative morphology, Hippophae species are often misidentified. Therefore, current study was focused on ITS based sequence characterization of sea buckthorn species and comparative biochemical evaluation for its antioxidant properties. DNA was extracted from leaf samples. Primer pairs K-Lab-SeaBukRhm-ITS1F1- K-Lab-SeaBukRhm-ITS1R1 and K-LabSeaBukTib- ITSF1- K-LabSeaBukTib-ITSR1 were used for PCR amplification. The purified PCR products were outsourced for sequencing. Phylogenetic tree was constructed based on neighbor-joining (NJ) method. Moreover, comparison of antioxidant potential of leaves of two sea buckthorn species (Hippophae rhamnoides and Hippophae tibetana) collected from different regions of Ladakh viz., Stakna, Nubra, DRDO Leh and Zanskar was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) by phosphomolybdenum assays. The present investigation led to the differentiation of two sea buckthorn species viz., H. rhamnoides and H. tibetana based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region. Moreover, significant variation was observed in antioxidant potential of leaf extracts collected from different regions. Primary ITS sequence analysis was found to be powerful tool for identification and genetic diversity studies in sea buckthorn. Leaves of sea buckthorn have pronounced antioxidant properties and can be used in food, neutraceuticals and pharmaceutical industries etc. The current study will pave the way to discover small bioactive molecules responsible for antioxidant and anticancer properties in sea buckthorn.
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- 2021
20. Identification and characterization of rice (oryza sativa L.) advanced breeding lines to uncover novel genes for engineering new genotypes in response to agro-morphological traits and blast disease
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Najeebul Rehman Sofi, Reshi Saika Mushtaq, Nakeeb-Un-Nisa Yetoo, Sumira Rafiqee, Raheel Shafeeq Khan, Saba Mir, M.S. Dar, Asif B. Shikari, R.R Mir, Gazala H. Khan, Musharib Gull, Shabir H. Wani, Sofora Jan, and S. M. Zargar
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Background Rice breeders stand at the forefront for application and advancement in breeding and genome based marker system for more realistic and applicable strategies in order to create opportunities for sustainable utilization of genetically diverse rice resources. In Kashmir rice cultivation is under diverse environmental conditions that is encountered by selection pressures of environmental heterogeneity, biotic and abiotic stresses, however competent enough to provide good yields, whereby drawing the attention of the breeder. Therefore, tremendous genetic differentiation and diversity has occurred at various agro-ecosystems. Methods and Results This study is a pioneering effort where agro-morphological and SSR markers has been employed to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of advanced rice breeding lines and local collections from northern Himalayan region of India along with screening for disease resistance. In the present investigation, a total of 15markers (12 polymorphic SSR markers and three gene specific markers) were used for agro-morphological characterization and genetic differentiation of 48 rice genotypes (40 advanced breeding lines and eight cultivated varieties). The genotypes were evaluated under two environments; Khudwani (E1) and Wadura (E2) during Kharif 2020. Results based on agro-morphological and cooking quality traits revealed that 48 genotypes got grouped into seven clusters with KS11 and KS7 at the extremes. The cluster I was the largest comprising of 13 genotypes followed by cluster III (11 genotypes), cluster II and cluster IV had 9 genotypes each. ANOVA also revealed significant mean squares for the genotypes under study with respect to all the traits in two environments (E1and E2). From principal component analysis (PCA) only six principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 Eigen value and explained 71.44 % cumulative variability among the traits studied. The result from the calculation of SSR molecular marker was further verified with clustering analysis, genetic diversity parameters, AMOVA, phenotypic characterization and validation based on gene specific marker analysis. The cluster analysis revealed wide genetic variability among the 48 genotypes with Cluster III comprises of 19 genotypes, Cluster I with 17 genotypes, whereas cluster II comprised of 12 genotypes. The genetic profiles detected 53 alleles from these 15 loci, with PIC values of 0.494 per locus. Based on AMOVA, variation was distributed within population 99% and among populations no significant genetic differentiation was observed. The average number of effective alleles (Ne) was 1.38 with higher effective alleles in Population-1 (1.52) than Population-2 (1.24). Based on phenotypic characterization, most of genotypes along with two resistant checks (DHMAS and Shalimar Rice-1) displayed resistant reaction, followed by 16 genotypes showing moderately resistant while two landraces viz., Mushk Budji and Red Rice proved highly susceptible. Out of 48, three and nine genotypes were positive for gene Pikm with respect to marker Ckm-2 and dominant marker Pikh-STS, respectively. Moreover, this low level differentiation among sub-species could provide an opportunity to identify the gene combination well-adapted by natural selection. Conclusion The pattern of clustering based on SSR markers provided information about shared genetic characters among rice genotypes in order to eliminate duplications between rice genotypes. Such a genetic differentiation within genotypes provides an insight towards selective pressure and evolution adaptation to local conditions and could be utilized for introgression of resistant gene for higher yield potential, and development of rice varieties with better plant types as per the preferences of rice consumers.
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- 2022
21. Physiological and biochemical properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under different mulching and water management systems in the semi-arid region of Punjab, Pakistan
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Kehinde O. Erinle, Hafiz Haider Ali, Shabir H. Wani, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Nawaz, Muhammad Waqas, Salman Ahmad, Rashid Iqbal, Okon Godwin Okone, and Ali Raza
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education.field_of_study ,Crop yield ,Population ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,Photosynthesis ,01 natural sciences ,Arid ,Water resources ,Dietary Requirements ,Agronomy ,Management system ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,education ,Mulch ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
In order to meet the dietary requirements of the rising human population with diminishing water resources, there is the need to adopt techniques that optimize crop yield under reduced water conditi...
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- 2021
22. WRKY transcription factors and plant defense responses: latest discoveries and future prospects
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Shabir H. Wani, Shruti Anand, Rohit Joshi, Abhishek Bohra, and Balwant Singh
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Crops, Agricultural ,0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Plant Growth Regulators ,Stress, Physiological ,Transcriptional regulation ,Plant defense against herbivory ,Transcription factor ,Plant Physiological Phenomena ,Plant Proteins ,Abiotic stress ,fungi ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Plants ,Biotic stress ,WRKY protein domain ,Chromatin ,Crosstalk (biology) ,030104 developmental biology ,Multigene Family ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Signal Transduction ,Transcription Factors ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
WRKY transcription factors are among the largest families of transcriptional regulators. In this review, their pivotal role in modulating various signal transduction pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses is discussed. Transcription factors (TFs) are important constituents of plant signaling pathways that define plant responses against biotic and abiotic stimuli besides playing a role in response to internal signals which coordinate different interacting partners during developmental processes. WRKY TFs, deriving their nomenclature from their signature DNA-binding sequence, represent one of the largest families of transcriptional regulators found exclusively in plants. By modulating different signal transduction pathways, these TFs contribute to various plant processes including nutrient deprivation, embryogenesis, seed and trichome development, senescence as well as other developmental and hormone-regulated processes. A growing body of research suggests transcriptional regulation of WRKY TFs in adapting plant to a variety of stressed environments. WRKY TFs can regulate diverse biological functions from receptors for pathogen triggered immunity, modulator of chromatin for specific interaction and signal transfer through a complicated network of genes. Latest discoveries illustrate the interaction of WRKY proteins with other TFs to form an integral part of signaling webs that regulate several seemingly disparate processes and defense-related genes, thus establishing their significant contributions to plant immune response. The present review starts with a brief description on the structural characteristics of WRKY TFs followed by the sections that present recent evidence on their roles in diverse biological processes in plants. We provide a comprehensive overview on regulatory crosstalks involving WRKY TFs during multiple stress responses in plants and future prospects of WRKY TFs as promising molecular diagnostics for enhancing crop improvement.
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- 2021
23. Targeting the Ascorbate‐Glutathione Pathway and the Glyoxalase Pathway for Genetic Engineering of Abiotic Stress‐Tolerance in Rice
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Tahsina Sharmin Hoque, Abbu Zaid, Mohammad Golam Mostofa, Robert J Henry, Mohammad Anwar Hossain, and Shabir H. Wani
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Metabolic pathway ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biochemistry ,Chemistry ,Abiotic stress ,Methylglyoxal ,medicine ,Glutathione ,Genetically modified crops ,medicine.disease_cause ,Oxidative stress - Published
- 2021
24. Molecular mapping of quantitative disease resistance loci for soybean partial resistance to Phytophthora sansomeana
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Na Zhang, Shabir H. Wani, Martin I. Chilvers, Feng Lin, Dechun Wang, Paul J. Collins, Cuihua Gu, Zixiang Wen, Wenlong Li, Xuan Gao, Sizhe Cao, and Austin G. McCoy
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Genetic Markers ,Phytophthora ,0106 biological sciences ,Genetic Linkage ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Population ,Plant disease resistance ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genetics ,Root rot ,education ,Gene ,Pathogen ,Crosses, Genetic ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases ,education.field_of_study ,Resistance (ecology) ,Phytophthora sansomeana ,Chromosome Mapping ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Marker-assisted selection ,Soybeans ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Two soybean QDRL were identified with additive interaction to P. sansomeana isolate MPS17-22. Further analyses uncovered four interaction patterns between the two QDRL and seven additional P. sansomeana isolates. Phytophthora sansomeana is a recently recognized species that contributes to root rot in soybean. Previous studies indicated that P. sansomeana is widely distributed among soybean growing regions and has a much wider host range than P. sojae, a well-known pathogen of soybean. Unlike P. sojae, no known disease resistance genes have been documented that can effectively control P. sansomeana. Therefore, it is important to identify resistance that can be quickly integrated into future soybean varieties. E13901 is an improved soybean line that confers partial resistance to P. sansomeana. A mapping population of 228 F4:5 families was developed from a cross between E13901 and a susceptible improved soybean variety E13390. Using a composite interval mapping method, two quantitative disease resistance loci (QDRL) were identified on Chromosomes 5 (designated qPsan5.1) and 16 (designated qPsan16.1), respectively. qPsan5.1 was mapped at 54.71 cM between Gm05_32565157_T_C and Gm05_32327497_T_C. qPsan5.1 was contributed by E13390 and explained about 6% of the disease resistance variation. qPsan16.1 was located at 39.01 cM between Gm16_35700223_G_T and Gm16_35933600/ Gm16_35816475. qPsan16.1 was from E13901 and could explain 5.5% of partial disease resistance. Further analysis indicated an additive interaction of qPsan5.1 and qPsan16.1 against P. sansomeana isolate MPS17-22. Marker assisted resistance spectrum analysis and progeny tests verified the two QDRL and their interaction patterns with other P. sansomeana isolates. Both QDRL can be quickly integrated into soybean varieties using marker assisted selection.
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- 2021
25. Doubled haploid production in advanced back cross generations and molecular cytogenetic characterization of rye chromatin in triticale �wheat derived doubled haploid lines
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Rakesh Kumar Chahota, Shabir H. Wani, M. S. Jeberson, and Harinder Kumar Chaudhary
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Botany ,Doubled haploidy ,General Medicine ,Triticale ,Biology ,Chromatin - Published
- 2021
26. Functional Role of miRNAs: Key Players in Soybean Improvement
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Jogeswar Panigrahi, Shabir H. Wani, Kapil Gupta, Saurabh Pandey, Sujit K. Mishra, and Shubhra Gupta
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Functional role ,Physiology ,microRNA ,Key (cryptography) ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Biochemistry - Published
- 2021
27. Component Analysis in Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) for Floral and Vegetative Attributes
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Mohammad Irfan, Zahida Rashid, Shabeena Majeed, S. Shafiq Hakeem, Z. A. Dar, Shabir H. Wani, Sabiya Bashir, Faisal Rasool, Sabina Nasseer, and Gowhar Ali
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Component analysis ,ved/biology ,Crocus sativus ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Botany ,Biology - Published
- 2020
28. Phylogenetic Relationship of Oats (Avena sativa L): A Guide to Conservation and Utilisation of Genetic Resources
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R. M. Rizvan, Uzma Mehraj, Intikhab Aalum Jehangir, Showkat Ahmad Dar, Mushtaq Ahmad, Shahida Iqbal, Shabir H. Wani, and Rohie Hassan
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Avena ,food.ingredient ,food ,Genetic resources ,Botany ,Biology ,Phylogenetic relationship - Published
- 2020
29. Identification and characterization of pleiotropic and epistatic QDRL conferring partial resistance to Pythium irregulare and P. sylvaticum in soybean
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Feng Lin, Wenlong Li, Austin G. McCoy, Kelly Wang, Janette Jacobs, Na Zhang, Xiaobo Huo, Shabir H. Wani, Cuihua Gu, Martin I. Chilvers, and Dechun Wang
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Seedlings ,Genetics ,Pythium ,General Medicine ,Soybeans ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology ,Disease Resistance ,Plant Diseases - Abstract
Pythium root rot is an important seedling disease of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], a crop grown worldwide for protein and oil content. Pythium irregulare and P. sylvaticum are two of the most prevalent and aggressive Pythium species in soybean producing regions in the North Central U.S. A few studies have been conducted to identify soybean resistance against the two pathogens. In this study, a mapping population (derived from E13390 x E13901) with 228 F4:5 recombinant inbred lines were screened against P. irregulare isolate MISO 11 − 6 and P. sylvaticum isolate C-MISO2-2-30 for QDRL mapping. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive correlations between soybean responses to the two pathogens, and a pleiotropic QDRL (qPirr16.1) was identified. Further investigation found that the qPirr16.1 imparts dominant resistance against P. irregulare, but recessive resistance against P. sylvaticum. In addition, two QDRL, qPsyl15.1, and qPsyl18.1 were identified for partial resistance to P. sylvaticum. Further analysis revealed epistatic interactions between qPirr16.1 and qPsyl15.1 for RRW and DRX, whereas qPsyl18.1 contributed resistance to RSE. Marker assisted resistance spectrum analysis using F6:7 progeny lines verified the resistance of qPirr16.1 against four additional P. irregulare isolates. Intriguingly, although the epistatic interaction of qPirr16.1 and qPsyl15.1 can be confirmed using two additional isolates of P. sylvaticum, the interaction appears to be suppressed for the other two P. sylvaticum isolates. An ‘epistatic gene-for-gene’ model was proposed to explain the isolate-specific epistatic interactions. The integration of the QDRL into elite soybean lines has been initiated containing all the desirable alleles.
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- 2022
30. Role of Triacontanol in Overcoming Environmental Stresses
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Shabir H. Wani, Ishfaq Ahmad Wani, Abbu Zaid, and Mohd Asgher
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,business.industry ,Triacontanol ,Biology ,business ,Crop productivity ,Environmental stress ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2020
31. Influence of Metalloids and Their Toxicity Impact on Photosynthetic Parameters of Plants
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Shabir H. Wani, Javaid Akhter Bhat, and Abbu Zaid
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Reactive oxygen species ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chlorophyll ,Environmental chemistry ,Toxicity ,Metalloid ,Photosynthesis - Published
- 2020
32. Vascular plant one zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factors: novel regulators of abiotic stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
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Showkat Ahmad Ganie, Golam Jalal Ahammed, and Shabir H. Wani
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Abiotic component ,Genetics ,Oryza sativa ,biology ,Abiotic stress ,food and beverages ,Promoter ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Arabidopsis ,Gene family ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The vascular plant one zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factors have been found to be associated with several important traits in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh.), including regulation of stress signaling, flowering and photoperiodic pathways. The VOZ2 protein has particularly been revealed to regulate the expression of the target genes. However, the role of VOZ gene family in the elucidation of stress responses and other aspects of growth and development remains uncharacterized in the other plant species. This article therefore attempts to get a preliminary idea about the possible involvement of VOZ gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L.) abiotic stress tolerance. Digital expression of this rice gene family has revealed its high responsiveness to various abiotic stress conditions, including drought, salinity, cold, heat, submergence and phosphorus stresses. The highest expression of OsVOZ2 in submergence tolerant M202 (Sub1) rice genotype under submergence stress prompted us to analyze the promoters of three highly submergence-responsive genes of rice for the presence of different VOZ-binding sites. Interestingly, VOZ-binding sites were found in all these genes with Sub1A promoter having the maximum number of them. Lastly, the alleles of OsVOZ genes were mined from the wild species of rice which could serve as beneficial genomic resources for the improvement of rice abiotic stress tolerance. Taken together, VOZ genes can be postulated to have an immense promise for rice improvement under abiotic stresses. The different ideas generated by this article will stimulate the researchers to explore the potential of VOZ genes in the abiotic stress tolerance of rice and other plant species.
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- 2020
33. Heat Tolerance in Cotton
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Shabir H. Wani, Muhammad Tanees Chaudhary, Muhammad Tehseen Azhar, Tariq Jameel, Parwinder Kaur, and Xiongming Du
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Heat tolerance ,Biology - Published
- 2020
34. Heat Shock Proteins
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Shivani Khanna, Madhuri Gupta, Koushlesh Ranjan, Annu Yadav, Jitender Singh, Vinay Kumar, Pankaj Kumar, Anil Sirohi, and Shabir H. Wani
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Chemistry ,Heat shock protein ,Biophysics ,Native protein ,01 natural sciences ,Physiological stress ,030304 developmental biology ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2020
35. miRNA applications for engineering abiotic stress tolerance in plants
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Prateek Tripathi, Satendra K. Mangrauthia, Tariq Shah, Shabir H. Wani, Tushar Khare, Chopperla Ramakrishna, Vinay Kumar, and Supriya Babasaheb Aglawe
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Abiotic component ,Abiotic stress ,Cell Biology ,Plant Science ,Computational biology ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,DNA sequencing ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Genome editing ,microRNA ,Genetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Identification (biology) ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Biogenesis ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Epigenomics - Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, tiny RNA molecules that sit at the heart of regulating gene expression in numerous developmental and signaling pathways. Recent investigations have revealed that abiotic stresses encourage non-typical expression patterns of several miRNAs, accordingly proposing miRNAs as potent and novel targets for enhancement plant tolerance against abiotic factors. The stress driven miRNA-response is dependent on types of miRNA, stress, tissues or organs as well as plant genotype. The stress responsive miRNAs act either as negative-regulatory entities by down regulating negative regulators for stress tolerance or as positive-regulatory entities approving amassing of positive regulators. The current scenario on miRNA-based research vastly focus on the identification and target prediction/validation of stress-responsive miRNAs along with their functional expression under stress conditions. It has predominately been accomplished with the advent of high throughput sequencing technologies coupled with online databases and tools. However, there is an urge of epigenomics, functional characterization, and expression-pattern studies to illuminate the communal regulatory pathways by miRNAs that trigger abiotic stress tolerance in major crops. The short tandem target mimic (STTM) and genome editing technologies can be exploited for efficient utilization of miRNAs for traits improvement. Beside the classical pathways, non canonical pathways and novel loci of miRNAs origin and their possible role in abiotic stress response need to be deciphered for their effective utilization. Through this review, we are presenting herein a current understanding about plant miRNAs, their biogenesis and involvement in stress-responses and modulation, various tools and databases used for prediction/identification of plant miRNAs and their targets. A perspective analysis on use of miRNAs as potent targets to engineer abiotic stress tolerance in plants has been presented with emphasis on recent developments, challenges and future perspectives.
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- 2020
36. DNA Marker Based Diversity Across Rice Genotypes and Advanced Breeding Lines Bred for Temperate India
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Nakeeb un Nisa Yetoo, Aafreen Sakina, Najeebul Rehman* Sofi, Asif B. Shikari, Reyaz R. Mir, M. Ashraf Bhat, Showkat A. Waza, Sofora Jan, Sumira M.sc Rafiqee, Gazala H. Khan, and Shabir H. Wani
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food and beverages - Abstract
Background: Characterization and evaluation of plant genetic resources play an important role for their utilization in the crop improvement programmes. Methods and results: This study entails the agro-morphological, cooking quality and molecular characterization of 51 genotypes / advance breeding lines of rice from Kashmir Himalayas. Significant variability was observed for all agro-morphological and cooking quality traits among all the studied genotypes. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method divided the genotypes into two major clusters having 15 and 36 genotypes. Thirty eight genotypes screened using 24 SSR markers detected 48 alleles with 2.0 alleles per locus and an average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.37. High polymorphism information content (PIC) values was observed for the primers RM263 (0.67), RM159 (0.59) and RM333 (0.50). Furthermore, out of 38 SSR markers screened on 192 temperate rice germpalsm lines, R4M17 accurately differentiated indica and temperate japonica genotypes amplifying 220 bp and 169bp, respectively. Accordingly, 15 genotypes were reported as indica and 28 temperate japonica in addition to 149 genotypes as intermediate types. Conclusion: The information on marker-based diversity and performance based on cooking quality and agronomic traits helped to select the most divergent lines for crossing and also the analysis was useful to generate information on indica - japonica classification of our germplasm.
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- 2022
37. Recent advancement in plant genetic engineering for efficient phytoremediation
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Shabir H. Wani and Monika Bansal
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Polluted soils ,Phytoremediation ,Food chain ,Metal metabolism ,Toxic environment ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Environmental science ,Heavy metals ,Biochemical engineering ,Plant genetic engineering ,complex mixtures ,Inorganic pollutants - Abstract
Phytoremediation is the most simple and powerful approach for reducing heavy metals from polluted soils. Cleanup in most polluted environments is necessary to protect the area and minimize the introduction of harmful components into the food chain. Phytoremediation is a clean and cost-effective method to remove organic/inorganic pollutants primarily from soils by the use of plants and some plant-associated microorganisms. Recent case studies on model organisms using molecular genetics will improve the knowledge of essential metal metabolism in plants. There is a strong need for a collective way for finding effective ways for removing these toxic metals from the soil and other polluted metals from the biosphere. This chapter will discuss in brief about the absorption and elimination of toxic metals from the environment using different phytoremediation techniques, further there will be discussion on strategies used for generating transgenic plants and evaluation of genome editing approaches to raise plants, which can survive in toxic environment.
- Published
- 2022
38. Rhizosphere microbiomes can regulate plant drought tolerance
- Author
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Mehtab Muhammad ASLAM, Eyalira J. OKAL, Aisha Lawan IDRIS, Zhang QIAN, Weifeng XU, Joseph K. KARANJA, Shabir H. WANI, Wei YUAN, National Key Research and Development Program (China), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Newton Fund, Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, European Commission, and European Research Council
- Subjects
Drought stress ,Phytohormone ,Root-microbe association ,Metabolites ,Soil Science ,Biota ,Plant growth - Abstract
Project Co-ordinators: Dr. Jose Alfonso Gómez Calero (Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (IAS-CISC), Dr. Weifeng Xu (Fujian Agriculture and Forest University, FAFU)., Beneficial root-associated rhizospheric microbes play a key role in maintaining host plant growth and can potentially allow drought-resilient crop production. The complex interaction of root-associated microbes mainly depends on soil type, plant genotype, and soil moisture. However, drought is the most devastating environmental stress that strongly reduces soil biota and can restrict plant growth and yield. In this review, we discussed our mechanistic understanding of drought and microbial response traits. Additionally, we highlighted the role of beneficial microbes and plant-derived metabolites in alleviating drought stress and improving crop growth. We proposed that future research might focus on evaluating the dynamics of root-beneficial microbes under field drought conditions. The integrative use of ecology, microbial, and molecular approaches may serve as a promising strategy to produce more drought-resilient and sustainable crops., We are grateful for the grant support from the National Key R&D Program of China (Nos. 2017YFE0118100 and 2018YFD02003025), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31761130073, 31872169, and 31600209), a Newton Advanced Fellowship, UK (NO. NA160430), Fujian Province Education Department Funding, China (No. JK2017015), Research Grant of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (No. KXGH17005), and European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui (No. 773903).
- Published
- 2022
39. Contributors
- Author
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Nisha Agrawal, B.C. Ajay, Pawan Kumar Amrate, Rana Muhammad Atif, Salman Azhar, Milind B. Ratnaparkhe, Sandip Kumar Bera, Tejas C. Bosamia, Alamuru Krishna Chaitanya, Mukesh Choudhary, Antara Das, Samarendra Das, Said E. Desouky, Urmila Devi, Yengkhom Linthoingambi Devi, Guriqbal Singh Dhillon, Ammar Elakhdar, Ibrahim Elakhdar, Samra Farooq, Vijay Gahlaut, Tinku Gautam, Sanjay Gupta, Priyanka Jain, Harsha Vardhan Rayudu Jamedar, Bahadur Singh Jat, Anjali Joshi, Disha Kamboj, Sirisha Kaniganti, Amandeep Kaur, Manpreet Kaur, Satinder Kaur, Rania Khaidr, Praveen Kona, Mithlesh Kumar, Pardeep Kumar, Pawan Kumar, Penumajji Ganesh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Satish Kumar, Giriraj Kumawat, E. Lamalakshmi Devi, Hemant S. Maheshwari, Palvi Malik, Rudrakshi Mekala, Kinjal Mondal, Archana Mukta, Vennampally Nataraj, Muhammad Usama Noman, Ashish Kumar Padhy, Asish Kumar Padhy, Yaswant Kumar Pankaj, Chetariya Chana Pitha, Parichita Priyadarshini, T. Radhakrishnan, Shesh N. Rai, Om Prakash Raigar, Laxman Singh Rajput, Sujay Rakshit, Kirti Rani, Muhammad Abdul Rehman Rashid, Qasim Raza, Ali Razzaq, Vincent P. Reyes, Muhammad Sabar, Smrutishree Sahoo, Sarika Sahu, Fozia Saleem, Kajal Samantara, R.N. Sarma, Evika Sandi Savitri, Asifa Shahzadi, A. Shanmugam, Achla Sharma, Himanshu Sharma, Seema Sheoran, M. Shivakumar, Baljinder Singh, N.K. Singh, Sangeeta Singh, Shruti Sinha, Sakuonuo Theunuo, Rachana Tripathi, Mahak Tufchi, Harendra Verma, Shabir H. Wani, and Rajkumar Uttamrao Zunjare
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- 2022
40. Contributors
- Author
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Ismail Abiola Adebayo, Azeez Omoniyi Adeoye, Adam Moyosore Afodun, Moniem B. Ahad, Kamoldeen Abiodun Ajijolakewu, Angel Josabad Alonso-Castro, Alice Amoding, Sagar Arya, Tabinda Athar, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Arpita Banerjee, Monika Bansal, Twaha Ateenyi Basamba, Ashish Bedi, Isha Bedi, Sashidhar R. Beedu, Rouf Ahmad Bhat, Sasha Cardozo, Candy Carranza-Álvarez, Ramón Fernando García-De La Cruz, Gowhar Hamid Dar, Xiaorong Fan, Iqra Farooq, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Nafeesa Farooq Khan, Saksham Garg, Muhammad Imran Ghani, Mir Z. Gul, Charu Gupta, Mahendra K. Gupta, Aukib Habib, Younis Ahmad Hajam, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Insha Hameed, Humaira Hussain, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain, Predrag Ilic, Rashid Iqbal, Akanksha Jaiswar, Muatasim Jan, Rahul Singh Jasrotia, Rajdeep Jaswal, Manmeet Kaur, Navneet Kaur, Iqra F. Khan, Satya Prakash Khuntia, Md. Khursheed, Rajesh Kumar, Moline Severino Lemos, Mengyun Liu, Bisma Malik, Sweeta Manhas, Javid Manzoor, Tawseef A. Mir, Ghulam Murtaza, Umair Mustafa, Misbah Naz, Núbia Alexandre de Melo Nunes, Anjali Pathak, Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah, Amauri Ponce-Hernández, Paola Lucero Pérez, Ayesha Abdul Qadir, Mir S. Rabani, Shilpa Raina, Raksha Rani, Seema Rashid, Summia Rehman, Sobia Riaz, Umair Riaz, Arpita Roy, Jane Alexander Ruley, Karuna Rupula, Muhammad Fahad Sardar, Mohammad Sarraf, Riya Sharma, Shivani Sharma, Sheikh Mansoor, Harpreet Singh Sodhi, Hiralal Sonawane, Fernanda Maria Policarpo Tonelli, Flávia Cristina Policarpo Tonelli, Shivani Tripathi, John Baptist Tumuhairwe, Anjani Kumar Upadhyay, Bilal A. Wani, Khursheed Ahmad Wani, and Shabir H. Wani
- Published
- 2022
41. Genetic diversity for developing climate-resilient wheats to achieve food security goals
- Author
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Abdul Aziz Napar, Sanjaya Rajaram, Hanif Khan, Mahjabeen Tariq, Naveenkumar Athiyannan, Maneet Rana, Anuj Kumar, A. Mujeeb-Kazi, Dharmendra Singh, Fatima Khalid, Waseem Hussain, Adnan Riaz, Dinesh Chandra Joshi, Rumana Keyani, Manjit S. Kang, Muhammad Jamil, Shabir H. Wani, and Niaz Ali
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education.field_of_study ,Genetic diversity ,Food security ,business.industry ,Population ,food and beverages ,Climate change ,Biology ,Biotechnology ,Agriculture ,Food processing ,Production (economics) ,Plant breeding ,business ,education - Abstract
To feed more than 9 billion people by 2050, increased food production must be accomplished with reduced agricultural inputs in the face of climate change. Wild relatives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) possess many potentially valuable traits for improvement of its yield, quality plus tolerance to both biotic and abiotic stresses. To enhance the genetic gains and make agricultural systems climate-resilient, an integrated approach is urgently needed, which entails the use of high-throughput (i.e., genomic and phenomic) technologies and development of innovative breeding strategies to rapidly introgress favorable alleles from the reservoir of genetic diversity prevalent in the wild wheat relatives into modern wheat. This review covers successful gene transfers from wild relatives and use of the available genetic diversity to overcome yield barriers and improve modern wheat cultivars. We summarize the most recent advances in genomic and phenomic approaches and discuss the importance of exploiting the latest reference genomes of wheat and its wild relatives, computational resources and genome-editing technologies (such as CRISPR/Cas9) to enhance the efficiency of plant breeding, thus introducing desired alien genes without deleterious effects. We envision that the integration of various technologies will be critical in improving and stabilizing wheat yields and in meeting the future food demands of the growing human population, particularly in the face of climate change and the wheat production goals set for 2050 food security.
- Published
- 2022
42. Genetic Improvement of Wheat and Barley Using Transgenic Approaches
- Author
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Monika Bansal and Shabir H. Wani
- Published
- 2022
43. DNA marker based diversity across rice genotypes and advanced breeding lines bred for temperate regions of North-West India
- Author
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Nakeeb-Un-Nisa, Aafreen, Sakina, Najeebul Rehman, Sofi, Asif B, Shikari, Reyaz R, Mir, M Ashraf, Bhat, Showkat A, Waza, Sofora, Jan, Sumira, Rafiqee, Gazala H, Khan, and Shabir H, Wani
- Subjects
Genetic Markers ,Plant Breeding ,Genotype ,Genetic Variation ,India ,Oryza - Abstract
Characterization and evaluation of plant genetic resources play an important role for their utilization in the crop improvement programmes.This study involves the agro-morphological and cooking quality besides, molecular characterization of 51 genotypes/advance breeding lines of rice from Kashmir Himalayas. Significant variability was observed for all agro-morphological and cooking quality traits among all the studied genotypes. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method divided the genotypes into two major clusters having 15 and 36 genotypes. Thirty eight genotypes screened using 24 SSR markers detected 48 alleles with 2.0 alleles for each locus with average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.37. High polymorphism information content (PIC) values was observed for the primers RM263 (0.67), RM159 (0.59) and RM333 (0.50). Furthermore, out of 38 SSR markers screened on 192 temperate rice germpalsm lines, R4M17 accurately differentiated indica and temperate japonica genotypes amplifying 220 bp and 169 bp, respectively. Accordingly, 15 genotypes were reported as indica and 28 temperate japonica in addition to 149 genotypes as intermediate types.The information on marker-based diversity and performance based on cooking quality and agronomic traits helped to select the most divergent lines for crossing. Also the analysis was useful to classify the temperate germplasm into indica and temperate japonica. The classification could be helpful to devise a strategy for inter-sub species hybridization to breed for improved rice varieties.
- Published
- 2021
44. Multimeric Association of Purified Novel Bowman-Birk Inhibitor From the Medicinal Forage Legume Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC
- Author
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Shabir H. Wani, Mandapanda A. Lekha, Rajiv P. Bharadwaj, Jeshima Khan Yasin, K. S. Chandrashekharaiah, M. Arumugam Pillai, Fasil Ali, and Jafar K. Lone
- Subjects
Protease ,biology ,Molecular mass ,Chemistry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Trypsin inhibitor ,Bowman-Birk inhibitor ,Plant culture ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,High-performance liquid chromatography ,SB1-1110 ,multimeric association ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Native state ,seed proteins ,Zymography ,Specific activity ,anti-inflammatory activity ,Mucuna pruriens ,Original Research - Abstract
A Bowman-Birk protease, i.e., Mucuna pruriens trypsin inhibitor (MPTI), was purified from the seeds by 55.702-fold and revealed a single trypsin inhibitor on a zymogram with a specific activity of 202.31 TIU/mg of protein. On sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS–PAGE) under non-reducing conditions, the protease trypsin inhibitor fraction [i.e., trypsin inhibitor non-reducing (TINR)] exhibited molecular weights of 74 and 37 kDa, and under reducing conditions [i.e., trypsin inhibitor reducing (TIR)], 37 and 18 kDa. TINR-37 revealed protease inhibitor activity on native PAGE and 37 and 18 kDa protein bands on SDS–PAGE. TINR-74 showed peaks corresponding to 18.695, 37.39, 56.085, and 74.78 kDa on ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization/quadrupole time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ESI/QTOF-MS). Similarly, TINR-37 displayed 18.695 and 37.39 kDa peaks. Furthermore, TIR-37 and TIR-18 exhibited peaks corresponding to 37.39 and 18.695 kDa. Multiple peaks observed by the UPLC-ESI/QTOF analysis revealed the multimeric association, confirming the characteristic and functional features of Bowman-Birk inhibitors (BBIs). The multimeric association helps to achieve more stability, thus enhancing their functional efficiency. MPTI was found to be a competitive inhibitor which again suggested that it belongs to the BBI family of inhibitors, displayed an inhibitor constant of 1.3 × 10–6 M, and further demonstrates potent anti-inflammatory activity. The study provided a comprehensive basis for the identification of multimeric associates and their therapeutic potential, which could elaborate the stability and functional efficiency of the MPTI in the native state from M. pruriens.
- Published
- 2021
45. Abscisic Acid: Role in Fruit Development and Ripening
- Author
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Kapil Gupta, Shabir H. Wani, Ali Razzaq, Milan Skalicky, Kajal Samantara, Shubhra Gupta, Deepu Pandita, Sonia Goel, Sapna Grewal, Vaclav Hejnak, Aalok Shiv, Ahmed M. El-Sabrout, Hosam O. Elansary, Abdullah Alaklabi, and Marian Brestic
- Subjects
Plant Science - Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) is a plant growth regulator known for its functions, especially in seed maturation, seed dormancy, adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses, and leaf and bud abscission. ABA activity is governed by multiple regulatory pathways that control ABA biosynthesis, signal transduction, and transport. The transport of the ABA signaling molecule occurs from the shoot (site of synthesis) to the fruit (site of action), where ABA receptors decode information as fruit maturation begins and is significantly promoted. The maximum amount of ABA is exported by the phloem from developing fruits during seed formation and initiation of fruit expansion. In the later stages of fruit ripening, ABA export from the phloem decreases significantly, leading to an accumulation of ABA in ripening fruit. Fruit growth, ripening, and senescence are under the control of ABA, and the mechanisms governing these processes are still unfolding. During the fruit ripening phase, interactions between ABA and ethylene are found in both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. It is clear that ABA regulates ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during fruit ripening, but the molecular mechanism controlling the interaction between ABA and ethylene has not yet been discovered. The effects of ABA and ethylene on fruit ripening are synergistic, and the interaction of ABA with other plant hormones is an essential determinant of fruit growth and ripening. Reaction and biosynthetic mechanisms, signal transduction, and recognition of ABA receptors in fruits need to be elucidated by a more thorough study to understand the role of ABA in fruit ripening. Genetic modifications of ABA signaling can be used in commercial applications to increase fruit yield and quality. This review discusses the mechanism of ABA biosynthesis, its translocation, and signaling pathways, as well as the recent findings on ABA function in fruit development and ripening.
- Published
- 2021
46. MYB-6 and LDOX-1 regulated accretion of anthocyanin response to cold stress in purple black carrot (Daucus carota L.)
- Author
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Niyaz A, Dar, Mudasir A, Mir, Javid I, Mir, Sheikh, Mansoor, Wasia, Showkat, Tasmeen J, Parihar, Syed Anam Ul, Haq, Shabir H, Wani, Gul, Zaffar, and Khalid Z, Masoodi
- Subjects
Anthocyanins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ,Cold-Shock Response ,Daucus carota ,Plant Proteins - Abstract
Anthocyanin, an essential ingredient of functional foods, is present in a wide range of plants, including black carrots. The current investigation was carried out to analyse the effect of cold stress on the expression of major anthocyanins and anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway genes, MYB6 and LDOX-1.Five cultivated carrot genotypes belonging to the eastern group, having anthocyanin pigment, were used in the current study. The qRT-PCR analysis revealed that relative gene expression of transcription factor MYB-6 and LDOX1gene was highly expressed upon cold stress compared to non-stress samples. High-performance liquid chromatography-based quantification of Cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Kuromanin chloride), Ferulic acid, 3,5-Dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (Sinapic acid), and Rutin revealed a significant increase in these major anthocyanins in response to cold stress when compared to control plants.We conclude that MYB6 and LDOX1 gene expression increases upon cold stress, which induces accumulation of major anthocyanins in purple black carrot and suggests a possible cross-link between cold stress and anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple black carrot.
- Published
- 2021
47. Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci for Scab Resistance in Apple (Malus × Domestica)
- Author
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Khalid M. Bhat, Saba Mir, Nagina Nazir, Aafreen Sakina, Zahoor Ahmad Bhat, Imtiyaz Murtaza, Bilal A. Padder, Shabir H. Wani, Asif B. Shikari, and Khalid Z. Masoodi
- Subjects
Genetics ,Malus ,Resistance (ecology) ,Quantitative trait locus ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is the most important fungal disease of apple. Fungicide application is a widely practiced method of disease control. The use of chemicals is however, cost intensive, tedious and ecologically unsafe. Development of genetic resistance and breeding of resistant cultivars is most reliable and a safest option. One such source of scab resistance happens to be the variety ‘Shireen’, released from SKUASTKashmir. However, till date the nature of resistance and its genetic control has not been characterized. The aim of this research was to elucidate the genetic basis of scab resistance in Shireen. The present study helped us to identify two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome 2 and 8 and six potential CDGs for the polygenic resistance in ‘Shireen’. The genomic region corresponding to the mapped QTLs in LG 2 and LG 8 of ‘Shireen’ was examined for candidate genes possibly related to scab resistance using in silico analysis. The QTLs mapped in the genetic background of Shireen are the novel QTLs and may be transferred to desirable genetic backgrounds and provide opportunities for isolation and cloning of genes apart from their utility in order to achieve durable resistance to scab.
- Published
- 2021
48. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for scab resistance in apple (Malus × domestica) variety, Shireen
- Author
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Saba, Mir, Aafreen, Sakina, Khalid Z, Masoodi, Khalid M, Bhat, Bilal A, Padder, Imtiyaz, Murtaza, Nagina, Nazir, Zahoor Ahmad, Bhat, Shabir H, Wani, and Asif B, Shikari
- Subjects
Plant Breeding ,Ascomycota ,Malus ,Quantitative Trait Loci ,Genes, Plant ,Plant Diseases - Abstract
Scab caused by Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint. is the most important fungal disease of apple. Fungicide application is a widely practiced method of disease control. However, the use of chemicals is costintensive, tedious, and ecologically unsafe. The development of genetic resistance and the breeding of resistant cultivars is the most reliable and safest option. One such source of scab resistance happens to be the variety 'Shireen', released from SKUAST-Kashmir. However, to date, the nature of resistance and its genetic control have not been characterized. Objective This research aimed to elucidate the genetic basis of scab resistance in Shireen.Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to apple scab disease was performed using an F1 cross developed between the susceptible cultivar 'StarKrimson' and the resistant cultivar 'Shireen'. The population was evaluated for two consecutive years. Further, six candidate genes were analyzed via quantitative real-time PCR, to determine their expression level in response to the pathogen infestation.Genotyping and disease phenotyping of populations led us to identify two quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely qRVI.SS-LG2.2019 and qRVI.SS-LG8.2019 on chromosomes 2 and 8 with LOD-values of 7.67 and 4.99 respectively, and six potential CDGs for the polygenic resistance in 'Shireen'. The genomic region corresponding to the mapped QTLs in LG 2 and LG 8 of 'Shireen' was examined for candidate genes possibly related to scab resistance using in silico analysis.The QTLs mapped in the genetic background of Shireen are the novel QTLs and may be transferred to desirable genetic backgrounds and provide opportunities for isolation and cloning of genes apart from their utility to achieve durable resistance to scab.
- Published
- 2021
49. De-novo Domestication for Improving Salt Tolerance in Crops
- Author
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Shabir H. Wani, Fatemah H. Alkallas, Fozia Saleem, Ashraf M. M. Abdelbacki, Ali Razzaq, Haifa A. Al-Yousef, Shaimaa A. M. Abdelmohsen, Nissren Tamam, and Hosam O. Elansary
- Subjects
Population ,Review ,Plant Science ,Biology ,salinity tolerance ,crop wild relatives ,SB1-1110 ,Crop ,pan-genomes ,genome editing ,Genetic erosion ,education ,Domestication ,Genetic diversity ,education.field_of_study ,Food security ,business.industry ,halophytes ,Crop yield ,fungi ,Plant culture ,food and beverages ,Biotechnology ,climate change ,Agriculture ,next-generation sequencing ,de novo domestication ,business - Abstract
Global agriculture production is under serious threat from rapidly increasing population and adverse climate changes. Food security is currently a huge challenge to feed 10 billion people by 2050. Crop domestication through conventional approaches is not good enough to meet the food demands and unable to fast-track the crop yields. Also, intensive breeding and rigorous selection of superior traits causes genetic erosion and eliminates stress-responsive genes, which makes crops more prone to abiotic stresses. Salt stress is one of the most prevailing abiotic stresses that poses severe damages to crop yield around the globe. Recent innovations in state-of-the-art genomics and transcriptomics technologies have paved the way to develop salinity tolerant crops. De novo domestication is one of the promising strategies to produce superior new crop genotypes through exploiting the genetic diversity of crop wild relatives (CWRs). Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies open new avenues to identifying the unique salt-tolerant genes from the CWRs. It has also led to the assembly of highly annotated crop pan-genomes to snapshot the full landscape of genetic diversity and recapture the huge gene repertoire of a species. The identification of novel genes alongside the emergence of cutting-edge genome editing tools for targeted manipulation renders de novo domestication a way forward for developing salt-tolerance crops. However, some risk associated with gene-edited crops causes hurdles for its adoption worldwide. Halophytes-led breeding for salinity tolerance provides an alternative strategy to identify extremely salt tolerant varieties that can be used to develop new crops to mitigate salinity stress.
- Published
- 2021
50. Stability analysis for quality, yield and yield attributing traits in heritage rice landrace Zag (Red Rice) of Kashmir Himalayas
- Author
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Gazala H. Khan, NR Sofi, Raheel S. Khan, FA Mohiddin, Asif B. Shikari, Shabir H. Wani, and A. Hussain
- Subjects
Agronomy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Yield (finance) ,Red rice ,Quality (business) ,media_common ,Mathematics - Published
- 2021
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