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A sedentary lifestyle is a risk factor, significantly increasing the incidence of low back pain (LBP). Higher levels of sedentary lifestyle were witnessed in the workers who spent the greatest amount of their time in sitting positions in the workplace and during free time. The incidence and prevalence of low back pain in sedentary workers were 14-37% and 34-62%. Noticeably, the people with low back pain had higher productivity loss. It specifies more research is required to help individuals with back pain to stay in their work. The main intention of this study briefly reviews the risk factors, associated adaptations, and Interventions in physical therapy for preventing and managing nonspecific low back pain in sedentary workers. To do this review, Information was gathered from the offline library resources and online electronic search databases (Scopus, COCHRANE, PUBMED). The keywords used were low back pain, sedentary workers, risk factors, adaptations, exercise therapy, and sedentary lifestyle. The prognosis and management of low back pain were greatly influenced by several risk factors related to physical, psychological, and occupational factors. During the transition of low back pain from acute to chronic stages, adaptations in various domains like psychological, behavioral, and neuromuscular changes are seen. Exercise therapy itself or in addition to other therapeutic approaches is successful in preventing and treatment of nonspecific low back pain in sedentary workforces. By identifying associated risk factors, and changes adapted by individual patients, Therapists can design proper exercise therapeutic approaches that will provide more effective interventions.

Back Ground and Purpose: Mechanical neck pain commonly arises insidiously and is generally multifactorial in origin. One of the major causes for it is a forward head posture which is abnormal. Forward head posture is usually associated with shortening the posterior cervical extensor muscles and weakening the anterior cervical flexor muscles. Multiple treatments approaches are being used in managing mechanical neck pain. Generally repeated neck retraction exercises have been recommended commonly for patients with neck pain along with some modalities. Specific treatment technique like muscle energy technique is also used to treat the mechanical neck pain. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of neck retraction exercises with ultrasound therapy and muscle energy technique on patients with mechanical neck pain having forward neck posture using neck disability index. Study Method: Thirty patients with mechanical neck pain were randomly assigned to receive retraction exercises with ultrasound and postural advice (experimental group A, n = 10), muscle energy technique and postural advice (experimental group B, n = 10), and only postural advice (control group c, n = 10). All groups were treated for three weeks. The Neck disability index examines the subject's disability level. The rating of neck disability index is noted as pre-test and post-test for observing the subject's prognosis after Three weeks. Results: Paired t-test was used for within-group analysis. The between-group analysis was done using ANOVA. Significant differences were found in the neck disability outcome measure between all the three groups at p value>0.0001and at a 95% confidence interval. Both the Groups A and B were found to be significantly better than the control group, and Group A is significantly better than Group B at a 95% confidence interval with p-value >0.0001. Conclusion: This study concluded that retraction exercises with ultrasound therapy are more effective than the muscle energy technique in treating patients with mechanical neck pain with forward neck posture. However, both the treatment techniques showed a more significant improvement in reducing disability when compared to postural advice alone.

Underwater wireless sensor networks (WSN) can be used for a variety of applications. High propagation delay, limited bandwidth, 3D deployment, and lack of power are some of the challenges faced UWSN. An adversary with low communication depth prevents nearby relay nodes from perforating the path. In this paper, proposed dropped packet ratio (DPR) can effectively prevent depth spoofing attacks by ensuring that an ineligible node is likely to be triggered and removed. After the new node is again sent delivery speeds is increase sensitive to power decrease under conventional conditions. Compared with the related protocol, the proposed new sushisen protocol achieves higher energy, capacity, and scalability.

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) like exposure in the mid cycle for inducing the oocyte maturation is the very crucial step in the success of ICSI treatment. Introduction of LH surge endogenously by GnRH-agonist for final oocyte maturation induction, may be more physiological compared with the administration of HCG. Since GnRH agonist would induce FSH surge also along with LH surge, as happens in natural cycle. However, the effects of giving HCG trigger for inducing only LH surge and giving GnRH agonist trigger for inducing both LH and FSH surge, in patients treated for ICSI with GnRH antagonists need more research. Sub fertile patients planned for ICSI, meeting the requirement of inclusion criteria, were started with recombinant FSH from day 2 of menstrual cycle. GnRH antagonists were started from day 6 of stimulation. FSH dose was adjusted according to the individual response. Trigger was planned when the lead follicle reaches 24 mm. For triggering, 100 patients were randomized to receive Recombinant HCG trigger and Triptorelin acetate trigger. Oocyte retrieval was done 36 hours after Recombinant hCG Trigger and 35 hours after Triptorelin acetate trigger. The oocyte maturity rate was assessed by the number of metaphase II oocytes retrieved.

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a network approach achieved by decoupling of the control and data planes. The control plane is logically centralized and the data plane is distributed across the network elements. The real-time network is in need of the incorporation of distributed controllers to maintain distributed state information of the traffic flows. Software-based solutions aid distributed SDN controllers to handle fluctuating network traffic and the controller’s configurations are dynamically programmed in real time. In this study, SDN controllers were programmed with a stateful firewall application to provide firewall functionalities without the support of committed hardware. A stateful firewall filtered traffic based on the complete context of incoming packets; it continuously evaluated the entire context of traffic flows, looking for network entry rather than specific traffic flows. In addition, a flow-based scheduling module was implemented in the distributed controllers to improve network scalability. A network cluster was configured with three distributed controllers and we experimented with three independent network topologies. The performance of the proposed network model was evaluated by measuring and analyzing metrics such as network throughput (kbps), delay (ms) and network overhead (pkt/ms) for various combinations of controllers and topologies. The results of the analysis were determined using the mininet emulator. The findings of the performance evaluation indicate that the distributed SDN controllers performs better than a centralized controller. When comparing distributed SDN with two controllers and distributed SDN with three controllers the overall network throughput is increased by 64%, the delay is decreased by 43% and network overhead is reduced by 39%.

This study investigates the bond strength properties of a green concrete produced by replacing the coarse aggregate by an agricultural by product, coconut shell (CS). The bond between steel reinforcement and coconut shell aggregate concrete was studied by using 60 numbers of beam splice specimens. Confined and unconfined beam splice specimens were used. The effects of rebar diameter of lap splice and types of aggregate were investigated. It was observed that the percentage reduction in bond stress for 16 mm rebar unconfined beam splice specimens for various percentage replacements of CS from 25% to 100%, lies in the range of 6-8% compared to 12 mm rebar specimens. Whereas, for confined beam splice specimens the range of percentage reduction is 6-10%. For unconfined and confined beam splice specimens, percentage reduction in bond stress for 25% to 100% replacement by CS for each 25% increment was approximately in the range of 2-3%, 20-23%, 31-34% and 47-48% respectively with respect to normal concrete for both 12mm and 16mm rebar specimens. The percentage increase in bond stress by confining the specimens for various percentage replacements of CS and different size rebar lies in the range of 52-58%. Keywords: coconut shell aggregate concrete, bond strength of concrete, beam splice test

Background: Reaction time (RT) is the time interval between stimulus and response. RT can be measured byruler drop method (RDM). Till date, there is no set standard reference norm available for the school childrenby RDM. Objective: To determine the standard reference norms for RT in school going children. Methods: Asample of 152 students will be recruited based on predetermined set of inclusion criteria from the recognizedprimary school by convenience sampling method for the cross-sectional study. RT of all the recruited studentswill be estimated by RDM. Statistical analysis: Normality of the collected raw will be established by KolmogorvSmirnov test of normality. Descriptive statistics will be used to report the standard reference norms of RT inmean (standard deviation). Independent t-test or Mann Whitney U test will demonstrates the gender differencesof RT by RDM among the primary school children. Conclusion: This study will act as the foundation for otherstudies using RDM for reporting RT.

As Indian Journal of Medical and Health Sciences is stepping into its second year of publication and scientific dissemination, this editorial was aimed to provide a highlight on cervical lateral glide technique as a manual therapy intervention with an evidenceinformed update from pubmed (www.pubmed.com). The “thinking out of the box” principle and its application in manual therapy evaluation and treatment warranted use of advanced techniques in addition to other commonly used ones which were targeted either as tissue-specific or as impairmentspecific therapeutic goals.

The main objective of the project is to reduce the human effort and sluggishness of human when the operation is in large scale and to avoid the risk in case of any accidents. The proposed system that is portable and ensure regular cleaning of the ceiling fan using some mechanical setup such as scissor lift, lead screw whose movements are controlled by microcontroller which controls a pneumatic control and some cleaning mechanisms.

Background: Among the recognized steps in EBP, evaluating and critically appraising research evidence on effectiveness of an intervention is an essential step that acts as a determinant in forming the link between obtained evidence and implementation in practice. Objective: To critically summarize and identify the results of analyses of levels of evidence published in journals indexed in PubMed. Methods: A systematic overview and quantitative analysis of selected 45 published reviews was performed to identify relevant themes in levels of evidence. The types of analyses (specialty-based, practice-based, journal-based, and conference-based) were categorized and sub-categorized for the studies on levels of evidence. Results: Of the 45 included studies, specialty-based analysis for levels of evidence were done in 12 articles, journal-based analysis in 5 articles, practice-based analysis in 25 articles, and conference-based analysis in 3 articles. Among the practice-based articles, 10 were on assessment and 15 were on treatment. Urology had more studies on analysis of levels of evidence, and very few studies analyzed journals and their content for the same. Three studies were analyses of conference abstracts, all of them in the field of orthopedics. Conclusion: There were greater number of studies on practice, in Urology, multiple journals, biomarkers in assessment, and equal representation of pharmacological and allied treatments. There is need for future reviews and analysis of levels of evidence in many unexplored areas of relevance. Key words: Evidence analysis, Level of evidence, Critical appraisal, Study designs.

The purpose of the study was to determine the normal sensory and range of motion (ROM) responses during the movement components of Thoracic Slump Test (Thoracic ST) in asymptomatic subjects. Sixty asymptomatic subjects were included in the study. Thoracic ST was performed in two sequences, proximal initiation, which was proximal to distal and distal initiation, which was distal to proximal. Subjects were randomized into four groups depending on the order of sequences and sides. Outcome measures of sensory responses (intensity, type, and location) and ROM responses were recorded after each sequence. Friedman’s test was done to compare between sensory responses of the subjects. Between-component comparison for prevalence of sensory responses within each sequence was done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxonsigned ranks test was used for between-component comparisons of intensity of symptoms within each sequence of testing. Independent t test was used to assess the ROM responses. Results show the prevalence of sensory responses, its nature, area and intensity. These sensory and ROM responses may be considered as normal response of Thoracic ST. The intensity of the symptoms of proximal initiation sequence (1.09±1.35 cm) was significant (P

Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a highly prevalent symptom in patients with cancer. Palliative care clinical practice depends upon an evidence-based decision-making process. We performed a quantitative analysis of research publications in palliative care journals for their reporting of CRF. Settings and Design: Systematic review of palliative cares journals. Materials and Methods: Twelve palliative care journals were searched for articles with ‘cancer’ in title and ‘fatigue’ in title/abstract of the articles published from 2006-2010. The reporting rates of all journals were compared. The selected articles were categorized into assessment and treatment, and subsequently grouped into original and review articles. The original articles were sub-grouped into qualitative and quantitative studies, and the review articles were grouped into narrative and systematic reviews. Each subgroup of original articles category was further classified according to study designs. Descriptive analysis using frequencies and percentiles was used. Results: The overall reporting rate among all journals was 1.04% (38/3634), and Am J Hosp Palliat Care (AJHPC) had highest reporting rate of 1.98% (9/454), followed by Palliat Med (PM) with 1.85% (10/538), and Indian J Palliative Care (IJPC) with 1.69% (1/59). Conclusions: The overall reporting rate for CRF articles in palliative care journals was very low and there were very few randomized clinical trials and systematic reviews found. The study findings indicate a lack of adequate evidence base for CRF. Key-words: evidence-based palliative care, research, journal reporting, publication trend, cancer-related fatigue

Background: Neck is common and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Neck pain with Cervical Radiculopathy (CR), nowadays, is frequently diagnosed in physiotherapy clinics and hospitals. The focus of all the existing treatments of CR focuses only on relieving pain and treating the radicular symptoms rather than on the muscle dysfunction itself. Objective of study: To evaluate the effect of Myofascial Release (MFR) in decreasing Neck Disability (NDI) in patients with CR. Methods: A total of 15 patients with CR and Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs) in upper trapezius were recruited for the study. The intervention took place in 5 consecutive days. Data were analysed by using Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and central tendency as mean with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: After 5 days of intervention the results showed significant changes in scores of NDI 22.66 (17.3-27.9) (mean with 95% CI; p

Introduction: Low back pain is a chronic health problem with high socioeconomic impact. Specific diagnosis or treatment approach has not yet effectively established to treat chronic low back pain. Standing Back Extension Test is one of the clinical measures to detect the passive extension subgroup of Motor Control Impairment (MCI); which could have an impact on spinal stability leading to recurrent chronic low back pain. Reliability and validity of this test is not fully established. Aim: To determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reliability and concurrent validity of the Standing Back Extension Test for detecting MCI of the lumbar spine. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 subjects were included in the study, 25 patients with Non Specific Low Back Pain (NSLBP) (12 men, 13 women) and 25 healthy controls (12 men, 13 women) were recruited into the study. All subjects performed the test movement. Two raters blinded to the subjects rated the test performance as either ‘Positive’ or ‘Negative’ based on the predetermined rating protocol. The thickness of Transverse Abdominis (TrA) muscle was assessed using Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging (RUSI). Statistical test used: For reliability, the kappa coefficient with percent agreement was calculated and for assessing the validity Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves and Area under the Curve (AUC) were constructed. Results: The standing back extension test showed very good intra-rater (k=0.87 with an agreement of 96%) and good inter-rater (k=0.78 with an agreement of 94%) reliability and high AUC for TrA muscle. Conclusion: The standing back extension test was found to be a reliable and a valid measure to detect passive extension subgroup for MCI in subjects with low back pain.

The present work describes the influence of texture and mechanical properties anisotropy on ballistic performance of an Aluminium-6063 extruded rod. It has been observed that the centre region of the extruded rod exhibits better strength, elongation and charpy impact values than the peripheral region. Texture of the extruded rod is measured from centre towards the periphery. A significantly variation in texture has been observed from the centre towards the periphery. Ballistic experiments are conducted on 80 mm thickness extruded samples by impacting them with 7.62 mm armour piercing projectile at 0° angle of impact at 840±15 m/s velocity. Results show that the centre of the extruded rod displays much improved ballistic performance than the periphery, which has been attributed to the strong {111} fibre texture present at the centre.

Chemotherapy is recognized as a mainline treatment for all types of cancer, and its most debilitating and dose-limiting complication is Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), the mechanisms of nerve damage of which depends upon the specific chemotherapeutic agent used. Use of non-invasive treatment methods such as physical therapy may provide a valuable therapeutic adjunctive option in patients with CIPN. Physical therapy treatment methods had been shown to produce effective symptom control and enhance quality of life in palliative care. A detailed evidence-based update of literature is provided under evaluation and management of CIPN with a special perspective of physical therapy management using a proposed clinical reasoning-based treatment decision making algorithm so that an ‘out of the box’ self-reflective evidence-informed critical thinking process is applied along a collaborative multidisciplinary biopsychosocial approach. Keywords: Chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity; Chemotherapy-induced neuropathy; Physical therapy; Palliative rehabilitation