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This examination aimed to survey the farmers' participation in watershed management and distinguish significant factors deciding the farmers' participation and cooperation in watershed management practices in the investigation territory. Descriptive statistics and econometric models were utilized for investigation purposes to meet the expressed targets. The sampled farmer families were classified low, medium, and highly dependent on their support score esteems the 4-8, 9-12, and 13-16 participation run separately. The farmers' participation in problem identification and decision making, planning and monitoring and evaluation is shallow in contrast with their participation in the execution level. The Ordered Logit Model outcome uncovered that among the 17 variables estimated to influence the farmers' participation in watershed management, 8 variables were measurably noteworthy with the speculated sign as determinants of farmers' participation in the watershed the executives. Consequently, the family size is positive and significantly influence the farmers' participation; dependency ratio negatively and significantly influences the farmers' participation; more dependency ratio diminishes time, work, and enthusiasm to partake in watershed management practices, education positive and fundamentally influence the farmers' participation, farm size is positive and significantly affect the farmers' participation, the distance of parcel of land from residence positive and altogether influence the farmers' participation, soil fertility positive and altogether influence the farmers' participation, extension contact positive and altogether influence the farmers' participation, farmers households who approach credit were found to have negative and fundamentally influence the farmers' participation.

This study aims to identify the determinants for the growth of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Derash Woreda, Gidole Town. To achieve the “general and specific objectives”, this study was investigated external and internal factors affecting the growth of SMEs. This study was used a descriptive research design and a quantitative research approach. The primary data sources were collected from SMEs engaged in service, manufacturing, trade, construction, and urban agriculture. The sampling techniques used for this study are the stratified sampling technique. However, the sample size used for this study is 50 SMEs. For data analysis, multiple linear regression models were used. The finding for this study indicated that the external factors such as education, training, experience, and social network are positively or significant relationship with the growth of SMEs; on the other hand, the internal factors such as management capacity, marketing skill, accounting record-keeping, firm age and firm size are positively or significant relationship with the growth of SMEs. Hence, to increase the growth of SMEs, it is suggested that SMEs stockholders, SMEs owners, and government bodies improve the knowledge and awareness of SMEs related to external and internal factors. The concerned bodies to solve the problem provide access to finance, technology, skilled workforce, marketing and business communication and facilitating necessary infrastructure.

To make private investment more attractive, most African countries have liberalised the market and attempted to create enabling environment in recent decades. Like many African countries, Ethiopia took steps towards liberalising the market and the macroeconomic regime and introducing measures to improve the investment regulatory framework. This study analyses the determinants of private investment performance in Wolaita Sodo city. Data for the study were collected from 165 investors from different categories. Data was collected using primary and secondary sources; a Multi-stage sampling technique was used to meet with the study points. To attain the study’s stated objectives, different data analysis methods, i.e. descriptive analysis and econometric analysis, were used to identify the effect of independent variables on the dependent variable. Descriptive analysis percentages, graphs, charts, and tables were presented, affecting private investment. In logistic regression analysis, the variables positively related to the probability of investment are investment incentive, marital status, land, investment experience, labour, and credit facility. On the other hand, the variables negatively correlate with the probability of investment interest on the loan, age, sex, education, and inflation. From 11 explanatory variables, 5 of the variables: investment incentive, credit facility, interest on the loan, sex, and inflation have a significant effect on the private investment at the significance level at 1 per cent, 5 per cent, and 10 per cent.

Women’s Economic Empowerment helps to ensure gender equality and the well-being of nations. When women become economically empowered and get their source of income, they ensure the family's basic needs. This research study aimed to analyze women's economic Empowerment through microfinance in rural areas on Humbo Woreda. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to obtain a sample size of 138Women households. First, cross-sectional data were collected through a semi-structured interview schedule. Second, quantitative data were collected with the help of an Interview schedule from the sample size of 138 women households. Third, the qualitative data was collected by checklist from Focus Group Discussions and Key Informants interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, economic empowerment index, and binary logit model. The index result showed that not-empowered women were 61.59% and empowered women were 38.4%; this indicated that women's economic empowerment status in the study area was low. The binary logit model result revealed that major factors determining women's Empowerment through microfinance in Humbo Woreda were:1 the education level of women, 2, experience in income generation activities, 3, membership experience in microfinance, 4, distance from microfinance institutions, 5, participation in training, 6, cumulative saving, 7, cumulative loan receive, 8, women working hours and 9, women’s perception towards loan risk the influenced women Empowerment through in microfinance positively and negatively at less than 1%, 5% and 10% probability level. Besides, the study also revealed that women are more disadvantaged in empowerment microfinance services. Therefore, it is recommended that existing programs and strategies be reviewed. New and appropriate policies and strategies should be designed to improve women's empowerment status in the study area. Specifically, priority programs should improve women’s education by focusing on formal and vocational schools, creating opportunities for women to earn income.

E-Learning Education systems are gaining attention day-to-day because of their inclusive pertinence in the distance education system. Due to COVID-19, the online learning education system has become very popular. Most probably, all education systems have been using the IoT-based E-Learning system to continue the students’ education without hindrance during the COVID lockdown. Several E-Learning IoT schemes are explored that reflect privacy and security, but still, there is no detailed scheme; hence, it needs a sustainable, secure E-Learning IoT system. The characteristics and prospects of the Internet of Things are discussed in this article. By analyzing the various functions and capabilities of the Internet of Things, this article aims to provide an overview of the various advantages and challenges of using the platform for e-learning. This paper proposed the E-Learning IoT architecture with Blockchain technology, with layers of different IoT and Blockchain concepts to secure the online education system. Also, the block diagram of the proposed architecture demonstrates how students can securely access or interact with the online learning system through Blockchain technology. By implementing the proposed e-learning IoT architecture, universities and colleges can improve their distance learning programs and increase efficiency without affecting their academic activities. Finally, the study found that e-learning positively impacts students' learning experience and overall quality of education. It also exhibited a significant positive impact on their flexibility and academic productivity.

The prevalence of viral infections, cancer, and diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate around the world, and these diseases are now considered to be the most serious risks to human well-being in the modern period. There is a widespread practice in Asian countries of using papaya leaves (C. papaya L.) as herbal medicine, either alone or in combination with prescribed medications, to treat a variety of ailments. The importance of conducting the necessary descriptive studies in order to determine the safety of papaya leaf consumption is also emphasized in the context of their application in the healthcare sector. Electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed were used to gather information on papaya leaves, their therapeutic potential, and clinical evidence-based studies. The literature was gathered from publications on papaya leaves, their therapeutic potential, and clinical evidence-based studies. The antidengue, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects of papaya leaves discussed in this article are supported by evidence from preclinical, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical trial studies, as well as from other sources. Leaves have been investigated for their mechanism of action as well as their potential to be used in the development of novel herbal products for the health business. According to the reports gathered, only a small number of research demonstrated that leaf extract at high concentrations was hazardous to certain organs. The collective literature reviewed in this review provides insights into the use of papaya leaves as a cure for epidemic diseases, highlighting the phytochemical composition and pharmacological attributes of papaya leaves, as well as the results of various preclinical and clinical studies that have been conducted so far on the subject. The review clearly demonstrates the successful medical evidence for the use of papaya leaf extracts in the healthcare system as a supplemental herbal medication in a variety of clinical settings.