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The number of programming languages is getting more and more and developers are facing a tough time in installing all the compilers, libraries and supporting files for the development activities. Most of the time they want to experiment with new technologies, where the efforts required creating a complete environment to run the programs may not be feasible. On the other hand, several companies have started recruiting developers through their online programming platforms. In such situations, it is essential to protect the resources of the server from malicious programs written by the users by purpose or inadvertently. The client environment has to be as lighter as possible and the server environment must be as secure and efficient as possible. There are several existing solutions to meet this objective with plenty of demerits. In this paper we propose a novel method which overcomes most of the problems in the existing solutions and we have experimented the effectiveness of the proposed solution. In our proposed method we develop a docker based sandbox to run the client programs and display the output. We have developed a complete web interface to test the solution and created a backend to manage the users, sessions, tested programs and the outcomes which can be used for analytics too.

The current experimental work focuses on determining the optimum machining parameter combination for machining AA7068 in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM). WEDM is a promising advanced machining technology, capable of processing complex-shaped components, machining hard/heat treated materials, and cutting conductive ceramics that are complicated to machine using traditional methods. Taguchi’s L18 orthogonal array is adopted to conduct the experiments by considering dielectric medium, pulse on time, pulse off time, peak current, gap voltage, and wire feed as input factors. The output responses like surface roughness, material removal rate, micro hardness, recast layer, surface morphology of the machined surfaces and wire tool were considered for study. The ANOVA method was used to analyse the impact of individual processing parameters on material removal rate and surface roughness. Microhardness of the cut surface was studied using Vicker’s method. Besides, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray analysis are conducted to examine the surface characteristics and elemental composition of the machined working piece at various cutting parameters (EDX). TOPSIS method is chosen to identify the optimal parametric conditions. From the results, the optimum condition achieves surface roughness (3.684 μm) and material removal rate (5.106 mm3 min−1) respectively.

This research work presents an attempt solemnly carried out to analyze and predict the wear behaviour of the cost-effective China clay particles reinforced AA6082 aluminium alloy composites. The combined effect of the independent variables (mass fraction of the reinforcement, applied load and sliding speed) on the wear loss and coefficient of friction of the composites were studied. The wear tests were conducted using a computerized pin on disc tribometer. For all the experiments the sliding distance was kept constant as 1500 m. In order to perform the experiments in an organized manner, the response surface methodology (RSM) was designated. The significant parameters which govern the wear loss and coefficient of friction were identified using the ANOVA (Analysis of variance) test. The regression equations developed to predict the response parameters (wear and coefficient of friction) were validated extensively by choosing several values of the independent variables within the design space. From the study, it was noted that RSM holds good reliability in the prediction of the wear behaviour of the composites. The composite materials exhibited better wear resistance with the increase in the incorporation of China clay particles. The worn-out samples were segregated as high, medium and low wear loss categories to analyze the worn surface morphology and to interpret the wear mechanism.

It is expected that by 2020, billions of devices connect to internet using 5G cellular network. To provide seamless connectivity, as well as Quality of Experience and automate network functionalities like configuration, optimization and healing, Self Organized Networks (SON) have come into existence. In state of the art technology, this makes use of Machine Learning (ML) to overcome manual intervention and take appropriate decisions in given time. As there are multiple SON functions, there is a necessity of co-ordination among the functions to avoid conflicts. While detection of conflicts i.e., more than one function trying to modify the same parameter can be done using ML algorithms like anomaly detection, resolution of conflicts is implemented based on SON functions. One such problem is resolution of conflict between Inter Cell Interference Coordination (ICIC) and Coverage and Capacity Optimization (CCO). This is done by using Support Vector Machine (SVM) for generation of optimal antenna parameters using radial basis kernel and results are validated using LTE simulator ns3 LENA. From the dataset used for training and testing, which is validated using ns3, it is found that SVM is suitable algorithm for predicting antenna parameters in case of conflict between ICIC and CCO. Since SVM not only predicts multiple labels but also considers inter-relationship between the features it can be considered as most suitable algorithm for handling conflict between SON functions.

In today’s network-centric battlefield, mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) play an important role in military operations to provide situation awareness. MANET is an infrastructure-less network that is automatically built as soon as devices connect or disconnect. Instead of relying on a central node to coordinate the flow of messages, the individual nodes are able to forward packets to each other. Tactical MANET is characterized by rapid changes in the network topology due to node mobility and intermittent line-of-sight (LOS) connectivity. In military operations, tactical wireless networks have high demands for robustness, responsiveness, reliability, availability and security. Also, wireless communication networks supporting tactical military operations are limited by bandwidth requirements. To achieve greater responsiveness and better system throughput for TDMA-based tactical mobile ad hoc networks, it is necessary to minimize the overhead parameters at various layers. In this chapter, we propose various optimization methods to maximize tactical wireless throughput by reducing the control plane and data plane overheads with the available system bandwidth.

Today's modern tactical operations are going towards the concept of Network Centric Warfare. In such military operations, tactical wireless networks require high demands for robustness, responsiveness, reliability, availability and security. One of the key requirements of the tactical user expectation is to efficiently utilize the available bandwidth. IP packet routing in the tactical wireless networks which are connected via IP radios consume more system bandwidth in order to maintain the up-to-date information. Complex routing protocols have to be implemented in the radio as embedded software modules in order to exchange the IP routing information. This will consume the system bandwidth thereby throughput will be reduced. Moreover, hop by hop routing method will reconstruct the entire IP packet by changing the destination MAC address in every hop thereby packet processing time will be increased. In this paper, we have proposed two simple and efficient IP packet forwarding schemes for multi-hop tactical wireless networks which are connected via radios. Both schemes make use additional parameters such as unique radio identifier and associated IP Address/MAC address table during the topology discovery process using the link state routing algorithm. After successful topology discovery, each wireless node in the network will get to know the entire network topology in terms of a table containing the radio connectivity list and each radios associated LAN IP address/MAC address. This network topology table will be used in during the packet forward decision making process. The associated IP/MAC address to node Id mapping table will be used to find the destination radio Id from the incoming IP packet. The forwarding radio nodes will examine only the radio header portion of the received IP packet instead of analyzing & reconstructing the entire IP packet thereby packet processing time will be reduced at each intermediate wireless node. There by packet processing time will be reduced. The proposed approach also supports for forwarding of broadcast and multicast IP packets to enable group communication among the IP networks which are connected via the IP radios. Overhead for both of the proposed approaches are very minimal and consume less bandwidth.

Results of analysis of 23 events of the 2014-2015 mutual event series from the Vainu Bappu Observatory are presented. Our intensity distribution model for the eclipsed/occulted satellite is based on the criterion that it simulates a rotational light curve that matches the ground based light curve. Dichotomy in the scattering characteristics of the leading and trailing sides explain the basic shape of the rotational light curves of Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. In case of Io the albedo map from USGS along with global values of scattering parameters work well. Mean values of residuals in $(O-C)$ along and perpendicular to the track are found to be -3.3 and -3.4 mas respectively compared to "L2" theory for the seven 2E1/2O1 events. The corresponding R.M.S values are 8.7 and 7.8 mas respectively. For the five 1E3/1O3 events, the along and perpendicular to the track mean residuals are 5.6 and 3.2 mas respectively. The corresponding R.M.S. residuals are 6.8 and 10.5 mas respectively. We compare the results using the chosen model (Model 1) with a uniform but limb darkened disk (Model 2). The residuals with Model 2 of the 2E1/2O1 and 1E3/1O3 events indicate a bias along the satellite track. The extent and direction of bias is consistent with the shift of the light center from the geometric center. Results using Model 1, which intrinsically takes into account the intensity distribution show no such bias., Comment: 8 Pages, 3 Figures, 4 online figures

With rapid advances in microbial discovery and inoculant technology, the realm of microbial inoculants has seen a significant shift from the conventional range of microbes viz., Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, etc. to include a wide range of bacterial and fungal genera that colonize the rhizosphere and promote plant growth in a myriad fashion. Such microbial strains with beneficial traits have been included under the umbrella terminologies of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizofungi (PGRF). While this is definitely a welcome step, it brings along with it a host of pertinent questions, of which the biosafety of the microbial strains used for inoculant formulation is of paramount importance. This rationalization becomes imperative in the present scenario, where the etiology and pathogenesis of several hitherto unknown or lesser known bacterial species are being deciphered, and opportunistic pathogenic properties are being attributed to several commonly occurring environmental microbes. Another issue that needs to be factored in this paradigm is the possible horizontal gene transfer between naturally occurring microbes and the introduced inoculant strains. This assumes significance since horizontal gene transfer amongst organisms plays a larger role in the context of environmental protection and evolving antibiotic resistance. Hence a judicious analysis of the benefits and risks associated with novel microbial inoculants need to be addressed, before its eventual usage. Therefore it is imperative for microbiologist’s agronomists and plant protection scientists to be aware about the latest trends in biosafety, in order to make informed decisions in their day to day work. Hence this article will primarily focus on the need for ensuring the biosafety of the newer bioinoculants, and the relevant regulatory frameworks that are in place internationally.

An in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the compatibility of indigenous plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with commonly used inorganic and organic sources of fertilizers in tea plantations. The nitrogenous, phosphatic and potash fertilizers used for this study were urea, rock phosphate and muriate of potash, respectively. The organic sources of fertilizers neem cake, composted coir pith and vermicompost were also used. PGPRs such as nitrogen fixer; Azospirillum lipoferum, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB); Pseudomonas putida, Potassium Solubilizing Bacteria (KSB); Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas putida were used for compatibility study. Results were indicated that PGPRs preferred the coir pith and they proved their higher colony establishment in the formulation except Azospirillum spp. that preferred vermicompost for their establishment. The optimum dose of neem cake powder …