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The expansion of bio-based value chains is prioritized through various European Union (EU) policy initiatives. Due to the growing awareness of the importance of a sustainable bioeconomy in Europe, the need to increase the availability and quality of statistics is increasing. There are several essential aspects lacking, including (i) comprehensive databases and statistics for bio-based sectors; (ii) transparent methodology for bio-based data collection; and (iii) integrated value chain data and indicators that illustrate the flows of different bio-based commodities. The aim of this paper is to develop a bio-based material flow monitor to measure the physical contribution of industries to the bioeconomy. The material flow monitor describes physical material flows (including biomass) to, from, and within the economy. It is recorded in the form of supply and use tables. To measure the bioeconomy, the BioSAM database, along with disaggregated commodities and activities, are used. Data regarding waste generation/treatment and CO2 emissions/sequestrations are added to assess the impact on climate change. The results indicate that the bioeconomy in the EU is underreported due to a lack of data, leading to an insufficient understanding of its contribution to the economy. It can also be concluded that the data from the BioSAM tables are the most complete and have the highest disaggregation level for commodities and sectors, allowing one to measure the significance of the bioeconomy.

The success of catalytic schemes for the large-scale valorization of CO2 does not only depend on the development of active, selective and stable catalytic materials but also on the overall process design. Here we present a multidisciplinary study (from catalyst to plant and techno-economic/lifecycle analysis) for the production of green methanol from renewable H2 and CO2. We combine an in-depth kinetic analysis of one of the most promising recently reported methanol-synthesis catalysts (InCo) with a thorough process simulation and techno-economic assessment. We then perform a life cycle assessment of the simulated process to gauge the real environmental impact of green methanol production from CO2. Our results indicate that up to 1.75 ton of CO2 can be abated per ton of produced methanol only if renewable energy is used to run the process, while the sensitivity analysis suggest that either rock-bottom H2 prices (1.5 $ kg−1) or severe CO2 taxation (300 $ per ton) are needed for a profitable methanol plant. Besides, we herein highlight and analyze some critical bottlenecks of the process. Especial attention has been paid to the contribution of H2 to the overall plant costs, CH4 trace formation, and purity and costs of raw gases. In addition to providing important information for policy makers and industrialists, directions for catalyst (and therefore process) improvements are outlined., Journal of Energy Chemistry, 68

In this study, the fuzzy-based reference flux estimator (RFE), reference torque estimator (RTE) and sector rotation strategy called fuzzy logic estimator are proposed to direct torque control of induction motor (DTC-IM) drive for performance improvement. The basic DTC-IM drive with conventional RFE, RTE and sector division causes large torque ripple, variable switching frequency and uneven voltage vector contribution in stator flux. The torque and speed responses of the proposed system are investigated with load variations. The simulation results of the proposed DTC-IM drive are compared with the basic DTC-IM drive. The assessment of the proposed system shows improved performance. A hardware is developed using Xilinx Spartan-6XC6SLX45-Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Kit for experimental verification of the results. Moreover, sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation techniques are applied to reduce the torque ripples. The performance of the drive is investigated for various speed ranges. The comparison of the simulated and experimental results proves that the proposed fuzzy-based DTC-IM drive provides better performance than the basic DTC-IM drive.

We know little about how performance management matters for red tape perceptions. Some argue that performance management will reduce burdensome rules, while others portray performance targets and registrations as sources of red tape perceptions. This article examines how performance management regime change—from external accountability to internal learning—matters for frontline staff red tape perceptions. Using a three-year trial set-up in Danish hospitals, we examine how a formal institutional reform of the performance regime affects the red tape perceptions of employees. We find no evidence of effect. In addition, the paper develops empirically grounded hypotheses about how performance management practices of supervisors matter for red tape perceptions. Our empirical exploration generates hypotheses for further testing about the relationship between performance information use for respectively learning and external advocacy and perceptions of red tape. Managerial practices are, hence, a promising avenue for connecting the dots between performance management and red tape.

The circular economy aims to decouple growth from environmental impacts by optimizing resource use, minimizing waste and pollution. The European Union (EU) has the ambition to lead a circular economy transition on a global level. Realizing the transition is complex, because it requires substantial and interconnected changes in the current system. Previous literature has identified the main drivers and barriers to a circular economy, categorizing them as technical, economic, regulatory and cultural. Despite its relevance, this literature has a broad focus, not taking into account the characteristics of specific industry sectors. More granular insight is essential to overcome barriers, while leveraging drivers. To this end, research focusing on these drivers and barriers within specific sectors is emerging. However, to date, this research is recent and limited, leaving a large and critical knowledge gap still to be addressed. In this study, we focus on the EU automotive sector. Specifically, in the context of the on-going review of the end-of-life vehicles (ELV) directive, we are carrying out an investigation into the barriers and drivers for increasing the uptake of recycled plastics embedded in new vehicles put on the EU market. Through the analysis of literature and in-depth interviews with key stakeholders (including vehicle manufacturers, suppliers, recyclers, experts and industry associations) we outline the value chain of plastics in the sector, while identifying and explaining specific drivers and barriers to recycling. In this paper we present some initial results of this ongoing effort. From a practice perspective, these results contribute to a better understanding on how to advance circularity in the EU automotive sector. From a theory perspective, the results illustrate how circularity barriers and drivers may be identified at a sectoral level. This may provide future studies with a methodological blueprint to replicate this work in other sectors, as a way to continue addressing the aforementioned knowledge gap.

The article analyses the industry in the northern regions of Russia from the point of view of assessing the practical results of the traditional theory of competition. The purpose of the study is to develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the transformation of economics from the ideas of rivalry to unity and harmony in social relations. The relevance of the topic is determined by an active public discussion about the possibilities of Russia's transition from a market-capitalist to a social, human-oriented economy. It is shown that the main existing model is aimed either at the individual benefit of organizations, or at the attractiveness of industries for corporate or state interests, but not at the needs of the common person. The idea of the increasing attention to “people of labor” by bringing all the analyzed indicators to a single denominator — one employed — is defended. The following empirical research methods were used: observation, comparison and visualization. On the example of industry of the northern regions of Russia, ultra-hight intersectoral and interregional imbalances were revealed, arising, according to the author, due to the lopsided orientation of enterprises to maximize profits and the export and resource structure of the economy. The ratio of value added elements by region is demonstrated, the classification of territories is carried out depending on the combination of these components. The low-suitability of the classical understanding of competition to solve issues of capital overflow and equalization of profitability is indicated. The thesis is put forward about the possibility of overcoming the existing problems by the internal spiritual and moral transformation of managers and workers themselves, the transition from competition to cooperation. The prospects of the study are associated with the expansion of the toolkit due to social indicators, as well as in the study of the micro-level — municipalities, sub-sectors, and the primary reporting of organizations.

the article mainly discusses the most important changes brought about by the digital revolution in the Web and tourism. Then, the concepts of tourism and smart tourism are compared, also, showing how the consumer experience of digital tourists changes before, during, and after the trip. In recent years, smart technologies have been playing an important role in the development of tourism. Many countries with developed tourism are also using these technologies to increase the tourist flow.

These sector groupings have been developed to support the analysis of COVID-19 in workplaces being undertaken under the PROTECT National Core Study on the Transmission and Environment (https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/covid19-national-project/). The groupings use Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC) (https://www.ons.gov.uk/methodology/classificationsandstandards/ukstandardindustrialclassificationofeconomicactivities/uksic2007) and break down certain industries of interest, such as education, health, and transport, services, and their subgroups. There are three hierarchy level groups. Level 1 is the highest level and has 11 sectors. Level 2 has 30 sectors. Level 3 is the lowest level and has 34 sectors. The groupings are published in the form of a document and as a csv lookup. These groups have been used to analyse and present findings of COVID-19 clusters, cluster rates and the associated risk factors by industrial sector in the workplace in England.

This article presents a synthesizing framework of the determinants of open innovation adoption in public organizations. We examine the fragmented literature and integrate earlier results. To provid...

In recent years, scholars have begun to dedicate their attention to destructive relationships as a critical component of organizational life. Prior research has approached it from various points of view, such as trust and partnering, project management, and relational coordination. The purpose of this research is to explore organizational level antecedents of value co-destruction in Lisbon, Portugal within the hospitality sector. The research was quantitative in nature, adopting the survey method. To measure the proposed hypotheses, a unique conceptual model was developed with leadership support, supportive organizational climate, value co-destruction, and commitment to value co-creation as constructs. Data was collected from the hospitality sector of Lisbon, Portugal where 600 responses were obtained for analysis. All participants were employees from the hospitality sector. Key findings revealed that leadership support was dominant in comparison to the other constructs based on how high it loaded as a factor. In addition, a high perception of a supportive organizational climate among service employees will result in a low occurrence of value co-destruction in their organization. Further research direction on the subject is proposed.

Government outsourcing to third-party vendors is widespread and intended to strengthen the organizational incentive to deliver public services more efficiently. However, it is unclear how outsourcing influences the public workforce, and little is known about the effect on employees who change from working for the government to working for the vendor receiving the outsourcing contract. In this article, we theoretically argue that the introduction of competition and private ownership in public service delivery may have negative consequences for employees’ remuneration, employment, and health outcomes. We assess these arguments using unique individual-level register data of 1,478 Danish relatively low-skilled employees who changed job from public to private employment due to government outsourcing. Using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach, we estimate the effect on employees’ remuneration, employment and income transfers, and use of health services compared to an exact matched control group of public employees who did not experience outsourcing. Our findings suggest that outsourcing significantly decreased employee remuneration and employment and increased public income transfers, while the effect on health services use was marginal and transitory. Potential mechanisms explaining these findings include the vendor’s incentive to reduce the workforce and increase productivity, the stress of changing jobs, and poorer person–environment fit. The results suggest that outsourcing has high costs for employees, some of which are passed on to the government itself through increased expenditure for public income transfers. We propose pathways for further theoretical and empirical research on employee consequences of government outsourcing.

Indonesia has the potential for natural resources, namely forestry, plantations, livestock, fisheries and food crops (agribusiness sector), which is why Indonesia is known as an agricultural country. This agribusiness sector in the abbreviated Gross Regional Domestic Product (agriculture, forestry and fisheries sectors). This potential must be managed properly by the Indonesian government and its people so that the people are prosperous and prosperous. The potential that the Indonesian nation possesses as a gift from God has suffered a lot of damage and conversion. The research objectives were (1) to analyze the agribusiness sector as a potential and sustainable sector or not, (2) to analyze whether the agribusiness sector could create food security and prosper the people of Bojonegoro and the Indonesian nation in general. The analytical methods used are Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), LQ and DLQ comparison, and Klassen Typology. The research location is in Bojonegoro district. The results of the research with an LQ analysis of 1.90 means that the products of the agribusiness sector are a potential sector, surplus and can be exported to other regions and can even be exported to foreign countries. The DLQ result of 1.16 means that the agribusiness sector is a sector that is growing faster than the same sector in the surrounding area or in the province of East Java. The comparison between LQ and DLQ shows that LQ 1 shows that the agribusiness sector is a leading sector, which means that it will remain a potential sector both now and in the future (agribusiness sector is a sustainable sector). The pattern of economic growth through Klasen typology analysis shows that this rik yi shows that the agribusiness sector is an advanced and slow-growing sector. Overall, the agribusiness sector in Bojonegoro district can make people prosperous.

To increase understanding about the weak implementation of labour rights in global value chains, this paper examines processes of in-fact informalization that in Cambodia’s garment industry exclude workers from legal protection in a hidden yet effective manner. Informalization in contemporary global capitalism is often examined as driven by capital. This article broadens the analysis to how states and workers contribute to top-down and bottom-up processes of in-fact informalization, and emphasizes the role of workers’ collective organization. In Cambodia, subcontracting and temporary contracts prevent workers from collectively claiming their legal entitlements. In-fact informalization is promoted by the government as a strategy of indirect rule aimed at ensuring political power, and strengthened by the workers’ gendered needs and strategies of intergenerational wellbeing. Together, informal work and insecure lives discourage unionization, which further increases top-down and bottom-up informalization.

The main objectives of tourism business management are to develop and implement new strategies for promoting the product in the tourism market with the help of new technologies, as well as improve the existing ones due to using the main management functions. The article aims to improve the religious tourism sector in the modern tourism market and draw attention to religious tourism management. Research methods include analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalization, forecasting, as well as the use of systemic, activity-oriented, historical and culturological approaches. The article offers some ways of solving the issues of religious tourism, taking into account the specifics of this sector. It also covers some problematic issues in religious tourism in the context of the main management functions. The article proves that the potential of religious tourism is unrealized in terms of management and marketing research on tourism. The crisis of the global tourism industry, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, has done significant harm to the entire tourism sector of Ukraine’s economy. But it opens a unique window of opportunities for Ukraine to become a world-famous religious destination. The WTTC drew attention to this, urging public and private sector leaders to work together to pave the way for the economic recovery, needed for the travel and tourist industry and create millions of jobs.

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El centro agropecuario Marengo de propiedad de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, ubicado en el municipio de Mosquera - Cundinamarca, en el Km 14 de la vía Mosquera, cuenta con diferentes unidades productivas agrícolas, pecuarias y agroindustriales. el lugar cuenta con 94 hectáreas y gracias a las diferentes actividades que allí se desarrollan hoy en día es una producción autosostenible, contando con diferentes unidades productivas como: cultivos, bovinos, ovinos, aves, apicultura, porcicultura, siendo esta ultima el objeto de estudio del presente informe. el centro Agropecuario Marengo ha servido a los estudiantes de carreras afines con la ruralidad tener su lugar propio para desarrollar de manera profunda diferentes practicas relacionadas con el campo en pro de su aprendizaje, para el caso del presente informe teniendo conceptos claros del manejo zootécnico que se le da a un porcino desde su nacimiento hasta completar el ciclo, siendo su disposición final: proteína de origen animal para consumo humano. teniendo en cuenta una serie de parámetros de gran importancia al momento de buscar que dicha producción pueda desarrollarse de acuerdo a los diferentes criterios de implementación para las buenas practicas porcícolas (BPP) establecidos por el ICA según la norma ISO 14000 del 2015. Buscando la inocuidad de la carne por medio de las buenas practicas de manejo, procurando las mejores medidas de bioseguridad y un alto valor en cuanto al bienestar animal, para poder entregar un producto de la mejor calidad al mercado y así mismo enseñar a los estudiantes la importancia de la calidad en el cuidado y respeto hacia los animales partiendo desde esa base para lograr cumplir con los parámetros que dictan que una producción se encuentra en optimas condiciones para ser certificada. The Marengo agricultural center owned by the National University of Colombia, located in the municipality of Mosquera - Cundinamarca, at Km 14 of the Mosquera road, has different agricultural, livestock and agroindustrial. the place has 94 hectares and thanks to the different activities that take place there today it is a production self-sustaining, with different production units such as: crops, cattle, sheep, poultry, beekeeping, pig farming, the latter being the object of study of this report. The Marengo Agricultural Center has served students of careers related to rurality to have their own place to deeply develop different practices related to the field in favor of their learning, in the case of this report having clear concepts of zootechnical management that are it gives to a pig from its birth until completing the cycle, being its final disposition: protein of animal origin for human consumption. taking into account a number of parameters great importance when seeking that said production can be developed according to the different implementation criteria for good swine practices (GPP) established by the ICA according to the ISO 14000 standard of 2015. Seeking the safety of the meat through good management practices, seeking the best biosecurity measures and a high value in terms of animal welfare, in order to deliver a product of the best quality to the market and so himself teach students the importance of quality care and respect for animals starting from that base to achieve compliance with the parameters that dictate that a production is in optimal conditions to be certified.

Cuando hablamos de ventas online, se nos viene a la cabeza grandes empresas como Amazon y Mercado Libre, en el caso del sector de muebles y decoración para el hogar IKEA es un líder mundial y también un caso de éxito de cómo utilizar los medios digitales para su crecimiento, que nos servirá más adelante como modelo de negocio para estudiar los aciertos que tienen las grandes empresas en toda su infraestructura para ser lo que son hoy en día. Sin dudas el mercado online ha crecido enormemente en los últimos años y aún más después de la pandemia, cabe la pena recalcar que Colombia aumento 44% sus ventas en línea durante el primer trimestre del 2021 frente a lo observado en el mismo trimestre del 2020 según cifras de la CCCE (MINTIC, 2021) y es allí, en los canales digitales, donde las pequeñas empresas como nosotros tenemos una gran posibilidad para que la brecha económica que hay con los grandes competidores de mobiliario en el sector se equilibre. Todo esto nos ha llevado a crear este proyecto de emprendimiento llamado “KASTEL” que aspira comercializar productos como muebles y decoración personalizados de alta calidad y exclusividad para el consumidor, con un valor agregado que es la asesoría personalizada en diseño interior, con el fin de construir proyectos completos de interiorismo en los hogares de nuestros clientes, todo por medio de canales digitales como; ECommerce, social eCommerce, flash sales, email marketing, Marketplace y apps. Este documento se justifica mediante un claro estudio de mercado y un previo análisis de su viabilidad financiera, teniendo como base un largo proceso de investigación, referenciando fuentes que darán respaldo a la idea de negocio. La importancia de la iniciativa en cuestión radica en que este cambio de un modelo de negocio tradicional a un modelo de negocio comercial netamente digital demostrara el crecimiento por ese medio en este sector y no solo para este proyecto sino, también, para la industria de muebles y decoración en general. When we talk about online sales, big companies like Amazon and Mercado Libre come to mind, in the case of the furniture and home decoration sector, IKEA is a world leader and also a success story of how to use digital media to its growth, which will serve us later as a business model to study the successes that large companies have in all their infrastructure to be what they are today. Without a doubt, the online market has grown enormously in recent years and even more so after the pandemic. It is worth noting that Colombia increased its online sales by 44% during the first quarter of 2021 compared to what was observed in the same quarter of 2020, according to figures from the CCCE (MINTIC, 2021) and it is there, in digital channels, where small companies like us have a great chance to balance the economic gap with the big furniture competitors in the sector. All this has led us to create this entrepreneurial project called "KASTEL" that aspires to commercialize products such as personalized furniture and decoration of high quality and exclusivity for the consumer, with an added value that is personalized advice on interior design, in order to build complete interior design projects in the homes of our clients, all through digital channels such as; ECommerce, social eCommerce, flash sales, email marketing, Marketplace and apps. This document is justified by a clear market study and a prior analysis of its financial viability, based on a long research process, referencing sources that will support the business idea. The importance of the initiative in question lies in the fact that this change from a traditional business model to a purely digital commercial business model will demonstrate growth by this means in this sector and not only for this project but also for the furniture industry. and decoration in general. Pregrado

The red meat processing industry has an important place in the food industry in Turkey. However, there are significant problems that limit the contribution of the industry to the red meat sector, particularly with regard to the livestock enterprises which are the source of raw materials. The aim of this paper is to identify the problems of the red meat processing industry, and to suggest solutions to these problems, through a case study of Izmir and Afyonkarahisar provinces, which together provide a useful representation of the structural characteristics typically found in the red meat sector in Turkey. In this study, a total of 71 face-to-face surveys were conducted with the managers of slaughterhouses (19), meat combines (13) and meat and meat product processing plants (39). The current situation of the enterprises and their problems were examined, particularly with regard to raw material supply, production and marketing. High and unstable prices of raw materials, combined with high costs, are the major problems. In order to resolve the problems in the industry, horizontal and vertical integration needs to be improved throughout the entire supply chain, starting from livestock farming through to the point where the end product reaches the final consumer.

Although a contextual perspective in HRM research has been strongly advocated, empirical evidence on how context shapes HRM is still lacking. This study explored HRM philosophies and policies in Dutch semi-autonomous government agencies and how they are shaped. These agencies were given considerable autonomy by central government with regard to their HRM philosophies and policies in order to make more effective use of their human capital. Based on our findings from thirty semi-structured interviews with HRM managers, we identified that (a) facilitation philosophies are dominant, while accumulation philosophies are less present and utilization philosophies nonexistent; (b) mixed philosophies are present in some cases; (c) ability- and motivation-enhancing policies are dominant, while opportunity-enhancing policies are less present; (d) similarities in HRM are strongly shaped by external factors; and that (e) differences in HRM are strongly shaped by internal factors.

Purpose: The innovativeness of enterprises is dependent on many variables, including decisions regarding innovation, possessed resources and competences, and the sector of their activity. Therefore, it should be considered in a strategic dimension, both at the level of the enterprise’s strategic innovativeness and overall strategy. Strategic innovativeness, which is a long-term process that takes into account the interpenetration of various types of innovation together with strategic thinking, can be an effective tool for achieving high operating efficiency and maintaining a competitive advantage in the market. The analysis of literature on the subject, as well as observations, indicates that even within one industry, there are differences in this respect. A plethora of publications focusing on the problem of innovativeness in individual enterprises, sectors, industries, and regions were found. The authors aimed to divide industries classified by NACE (the Statistical Classification of Economic Activities in the European Community) divisions into homogeneous groups in terms of the innovative undertakings of said enterprises in a given industry. Methodology: The empirical part presents the results of own research using the cluster analysis method, while all calculations were performed with the use of R software. Findings: It can be concluded that industries can be grouped into homogeneous clusters in terms of the share of innovative enterprises. The authors can also conclude that clusters listed on the basis of the share of innovative companies that introduced new or improved products and clusters listed on the basis of the share of innovative companies that introduced new or improved business processes are very similar. Implications for theory and practice: The combined value of the considerations presented in the paper is the possibility of obtaining supplementary information about the homogeneity of innovative activities of said enterprises in an individual NACE division. These results can be used for further in-depth analysis of individual groups. Originality and value: However, there is no study presenting the similarity between industries and their division into homogeneous groups in terms of the share of innovative enterprises. Such a gap became an inspiration for the research, which allowed for the verification of this scientific problem.

This article investigates the complex problems arising from the discrepancy of traditional liberal crisis response approaches in the new type of complex emergencies. Based on the in-depth empirical analysis, it examines the EU role in addressing security sector reforms, humanitarian assistance and warfare in Lib y a and Ukraine , two key EU neighboring countries with ongoing military conflicts. It is argued that the observed over-emphasis on state-centric stabili z ation measures, with its main focus on formal state structures, fails to deal with the hybrid dynamics of conflict and peacebuilding in both cou n t rie s. It is suggested that to shape comprehensive crisis response in an unstable neighborhood a multi-layered perspectives approach to security, sensitive to plural agencies and informal rules, should be developed both outside and within EU borders.

Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) is the amount of gross added value arising from all economic sectors in the region. It aims to help formulate regional policies, plan and evaluate development results, and provide information that can describe the regional economic performance. The purpose of this research is to analyse sustainable economic sector in Probolinggo district east Java province – Indonesia. A sustainable sector means a sector that is currently included as a basis and will remain a basis sector in the future even if the growth is slow or fast. The analytical methods used include analysis of Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), and Klassen Typology. Of the 17 economic sectors that contributed to the PDRB of Probolinggo district, with the results of the LQ analysis, 7 sectors were in basic categories and 10 sectors were in non-basic categories. Results of the comparative analysis of LQ and DLQ indicates that there are 5 leading sectors, 2 prospective sectors, 6 mainstay sectors, and 4 lagging sectors. The results of the classification typology analysis consisted of 3 fast-growing and fast-growing sectors, 7 sectors is growing fast, 4 advanced and slow-growing sectors, and 3 relatively lagging sectors. From the three analysis results, it can be seen that the sustainable sectors are agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (second rank ); electricity and gas procurement sector (first rank); water supply, waste management, waste and recycling sectors (third rank); health service sector and social activities (fourth rank); other service sectors (rank fifth); processing industry sector; construction sector; transportation and warehousing sector; the accommodation and food and drink provision sector; information and communication sector; and the education services sector.

Purpose Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an internationally accepted method to assess the environmental impacts of buildings. A major methodological challenge remains the modelling of the end-of-life stage of buildings and allocation of benefits and burdens between systems. Various approaches are hence applied in practice to date. This paper compares the two methods widely renowned in Europe—the EC product environmental footprint (PEF) method and the CEN standards: EN 15804+A1 and EN15978—and offers insights about their fitness for achieving circularity goals. Methods The EC PEF method and the CEN EN 15804/EN 15978 standards were methodologically analysed with a focus on the end-of-life modelling and allocation approach and were applied to a building case study. The EN 15804+A1 standard explains the guidelines but does not offer a modelling formula. Accordingly, this paper proposes a formula for the CEN standards using identical parameters as in the end-of-life circular footprint formula (CFF) of the EC PEF Guidance v6.3 to increase consistency among LCA studies. The calculation formulas were then applied to a newly constructed office building. A comparative analysis of both the implementation and results are described, and recommendations are formulated. Results In the absence of databases compatible with the two LCA methods and comprising all building products, the Ecoinvent datasets had to be remodelled to enable a comparative modular assessment. This proved to be a laborious process. The EC PEF method and CEN standards showed similar impacts and hotspots for the case study building. The module D in the CEN standards includes a significant share of positive impacts, but due to collective accounting, it does not clearly communicate these benefits. The summation of burdens and benefits in the EC PEF method reduces its transparency, while the allocation and quality factors enable this method to better capture the market realities and drive circular economy goals. Conclusions The construction sector and the LCI database developers are encouraged to create the missing LCA databases compatible with the modular and end-of-life allocation modelling requirements of both methods. More prescriptive and meticulous guidelines, with further harmonization between the EC PEF method and the CEN standards and their end-of-life allocation formula, would largely increase comparability and reliability of LCA studies and communications. To improve transparency, it is recommended to report the module D impacts per life cycle stage as per the CEN standards and the burdens and benefits separately for each life cycle stage as per the EC PEF method.

Intermediaries can potentially help reduce institutional lock-ins that slow down sustainability transitions by influencing policy processes, because of their connectedness and often high level of legitimacy. In this paper, we analysed intermediaries seeking to accelerate the diffusion of wooden multi-storey construction (WMC) in Finland, their roles and engagement in policy processes. Increasing the use of wood in construction has high policy support nationally, backed up with climate and forest policies. Yet, market diffusion has been slow. The data consist of qualitative interviews of intermediaries and other actors, participatory observation and a review of secondary materials. The results reveal a complex set of intermediaries, including systemic, niche and regime-based ones. The intermediaries are characterised by multiple goals, partly overlapping roles and means of policy influencing. The low degree of coordination among the intermediaries and the differences in their agenda for transition are critical challenges which limit the effectiveness of their actions.

It is a challenging task for determining the emissions and energy-saving options for counties and countries. In order to overcome this issue, two new concepts are introduced in this study. These are residential base electricity consumption and residential base natural gas consumption. A new model that estimates the total energy consumption of urban residential buildings from the available electricity consumption data is developed. The model employs heating degree days (HDD) and cooling degree days (CDD) parameters to predict the energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes. A month with zero or almost zero values of both HDD and CDD is considered as \"base month.\" These months when there is neither heating nor cooling, plays a key role in this study. The proposed model is applied to a county with a population of over 62,000 located in Southern Turkey, and the total electricity consumption is calculated with 1.24% accuracy. The validity and accuracy of the model are tested by theoretical electricity calculations, coal, and wood consumption. Accordingly, while annual electrical heating is equal to 2618 kWh/year for an average house of 96 m(2), for the coal and wood burning households, the annual energy consumption values are 2190 and 2616 kWh/year, respectively.

Digitalization is gradually spreading through the transport and logistics industry, and the new technologies are profoundly reshaping the market, producing radicalthrough the transport and logistics industry, and the new technologies are profoundly reshaping the market, producing radical changes in every single stage of the supply chain to help reduce expenses and improve efficiency. Transport, in many respects, is an industry that is highly open to automation and implementation of IoT (Internet of Things) solutions. The successful integration of IoT technologies is likely to bring considerable benefits for transportation companies, such as diminished transportation delays, sporadic operator errors, preventive measures for poor cargo tracking and monitoring, IT failures and identity theft, in addition to the effective utilization of big data for the provision of automated realtime business analytics solutions. The present paper attempts to critically examine the impact of COVID-19 on the digitalization

ispartof: JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION vol:338 status: published

This article outlines the prospects for Russia's transition to a circular economy. The need for a transition from a linear economy to a cyclic economy has been updated. The main problems and ways to solve them in a number of sectors of the national economy by building a cyclical economy are determined. The main goal and objectives of the cyclical economy are reflected. The problem of solid domestic waste processing in Russia is revealed from the ecological and economic points of view. The conclusion is made about the importance of Russia's transition to a circular economy.

Although in many public organizations politicians sitting in governing boards are responsible for ratifying the organization’s strategic plan and monitoring its implementation, empirical insights on the determinants of politicians’ strategic plan use are lacking. Therefore, we build on the theory of planned behaviour to analyse (1) how politicians’ beliefs regarding the usefulness of strategic planning, the pressure to use strategic plans, and their self-efficacy in using strategic plans effectively are formed, and (2) how these beliefs impact intended and actual strategic plan use. Longitudinal data from 249 councillors (153 Flemish local authorities) provides support for the developed psychological-cognitive model.

This research examines individual and organizational qualities in the relations of leaders and followers and their perception of the dimensions of organizational justice. Past results of various studies have shown that organizational justice has a positively influences LMX realities, but also that it is a predictor of the quality level of LMX. The analysis covered 200 respondents in the service sector in Serbia, and correlation and regression were used to achieve the research objectives. This study showed that from demographic characteristics, only certain age groups were different in the perception of distribution and procedural justice. The findings can be used to implement new techniques in an organizational context, i.e. the introduction of new "tools" by the leaders.

Strategic planning is a widely adopted management approach in contemporary organizations. Underlying its popularity is the assumption that it is a successful practice in public and private organizations that has positive consequences for organizational performance. Nonetheless, strategic planning has been criticized for being overly rational and for inhibiting strategic thinking. This article undertakes a meta-analysis of 87 correlations from 31 empirical studies and asks, Does strategic planning improve organizational performance? A random-effects meta-analysis reveals that strategic planning has a positive, moderate, and significant impact on organizational performance. Meta-regression analysis suggests that the positive impact of strategic planning on organizational performance is strongest when performance is measured as effectiveness and when strategic planning is measured as formal strategic planning. This impact holds across sectors (private and public) and countries (U.S. and non-U.S. contexts). Implications for public administration theory, research, and practice are discussed in the conclusion.

Equal treatment is a key feature of modern bureaucracy. However, several studies have shown that public organizations discriminate against ethnic and racial minorities to different degrees. Which organizational features explain differences in discrimination is largely unknown. This article proposes that organizational performance relates to an organization's likelihood of engaging in employment discrimination and argues that poor-performing organizations tend to be less open to new ideas and that decision makers in such organizations are more prone to stereotyping behavior. The study combines a field experiment in which applications were sent to real job vacancies in 71 Danish public schools with administrative data on the schools. Bayesian analyses show that minority applicants generally faced discrimination but that they experienced a higher callback rate from better-performing schools than from poorer-performing schools. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

We compare the iron ore sectors and mining regions of Malmfälten in Sweden and the Pilbara in Australia. Both are physically isolated and the product is economically vital, but we find differences in industrial relations which accord with what would be expected in coordinated and liberal market economies. A closer examination, attentive to history and geography and in which changes in institutional form and function are highlighted, reveals, however, that these differences are more apparent than real, and that there is a common neoliberal trajectory. This analysis also suggests that changes in these sites at times drive transformations in national industrial relations. Validerad;2020;Nivå 2;2020-08-17 (johcin)

With the development of ecological paradigm coupled with the relentless implementation of myriad environmental policies in China, the rapid development of carbon emission trading and carbon trading market has had a vital impact on the financial performance of enterprises at the microlevel. This study has sampled the A-share listed companies in China, from 2009 to 2018, and adopted the difference-in-difference (DID) method to investigate the effect of the carbon emission trading on corporate financial performance from the microlevel. Evidence showed that the implementation of carbon emission trading effectively improved the total asset-liability ratio of enterprises, though it reduced the value of the current capital market. Moreover, in the regions under strict legal environment, the enhancement effect of the total asset-liability ratio was more obvious, whereas in the regions under loose legal environment, the reduction effect of the value of the capital market was more obvious. Further analysis showed that the implementation of carbon emission trading could not promote Chinese enterprises to increase R&D investment. Hence the implementation of carbon emission trading has improved the level of non-business income of enterprises incorporated into the trading system, but its impact on the investment income of enterprises was not significant.

La industria de la moda ha estado presente en la historia prácticamente desde los inicios de la sociedad, viéndose influenciada por la tendencia del momento y adaptándose a las fluctuaciones de la historia. Pese a que España no es una de las capitales de la moda, el sector es de los mejor valorados a nivel internacional por la calidad de los productos, tanto a nivel de fabricación, como con la aparición de grande grupos como Inditex o Tendam, por ello se propone el estudio de la industria de la moda en España y de la repercusión que tiene a nivel económico en el país. Universidad de Sevilla. Doble Grado en Administración y Dirección de Empresas y Derecho

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El objetivo principal del estudio que nos ocupa es conocer la presencia de las mujeres en el mundo de la producción cinematográfica española e intentar que se reconozca en la actualidad a las mujeres productoras. La producción cinematográfica es un campo muy desconocido en el mundo de la cinematografía, lo que se muestra en la escasa producción investigadora sobre el tema. Al tratarse de una labor de control presupuestario y organización ha quedado en manos de los hombres durante gran parte de la historia del cine español. En las fuentes revisadas hemos encontrado a una pionera en el mundo de la fotografía que trabajaba con su marido, si bien de ellas no se habla, como es el caso de Anaïs Napoleon quien fue una de las primeras mujeres en hacer daguerrotipos en España, y que la hemos podido rescatar en una película de 1902. Igualmente es el caso de Betty Reinhardt, una de las primeras mujeres dedicadas a la escritura de guiones que ha salido a la luz en nuestra investigación en el año 1935. En la actualidad los cambios sociales ocurridos en España han dado lugar a la incorporación de mujeres a estos puestos, al igual que a otros ámbitos de la sociedad, alcanzando cotas de poder y un techo de cristal impensable hace unos años. Así, desde los años noventa es más frecuente encontrar directoras como Chus Gutiérrez o Isabel Coixet que lo demuestran. Por su parte, mediante una serie de tablas hemos comprobado que, a día de hoy, es habitual que las mujeres formen parte de las empresas de una forma más activa como muestra la tabla del ICAA y, además, los anexos recogen el tipo de producción a las que más se suelen dedicar las mujeres demostrando así que el techo de cristal es difícil de romper todavía, mientras que como ocurre desde los inicios, las mujeres continúan trabajando en el mundo del cine cumpliendo las tareas consideradas de ‘suelo pegajoso’. The main objective of the study we are dealing with is to find out the presence of women in the world of Spanish film production and to try to make sure that women producers are recognized today. Film production is a very unknown field in the world of cinematography, which is shown in the scarce investigative production on the subject. As it is a work of budget control and organization, it has remained in the hands of men for much of the history of Spanish cinema. In the sources reviewed we have found a pioneer in the world of photography who worked with her husband, although they are not discussed, as is the case of Anaïs Napoleon who was one of the first women to make daguerreotypes in Spain, and that we have been able to rescue her in a 1902 film. The same is the case of Betty Reinhardt, one of the first women dedicated to screenwriting that has come to light in our research in 1935. Currently, the social changes that have occurred in Spain have led to the incorporation of women to these positions, as well as to other areas of society, reaching levels of power and a glass ceiling unthinkable a few years ago, and that since the years 90 it is more frequent to find directors like Chus Gutiérrez or Isabel Coixet who prove it. For its part, through a series of tables we have verified that, today, it is common for women to be part of companies in a more active way as shown in the ICAA table and, in addition, the annexes include the type of production to which women tend to dedicate themselves the most, thus demonstrating that the glass ceiling is still difficult to break, while as it happens from the beginning, women continue to work in the world of cinema, fulfilling the tasks considered 'sticky ground'.

Una de las actividades económicas más relevantes del municipio de Paipa es la actividad agropecuaria, el 98% del total del territorio del municipio corresponde al área rural, y está dividido en 38 veredas y 19 barrios, con una población rural de 42% del total y un 58% restante de población en el casco urbano. Por tanto, una buena parte de la población del municipio se dedica a actividades agropecuarias: agrícolas, pecuarias y piscícolas. Es común que los campesinos tengan su vivienda y además de ello su parcela para cultivar y para mantener su ganado, lo que producen allí lo venden a personas que distribuyen en establecimientos dedicados a la comercialización de estos insumos y a su vez a los minoristas de la plaza de mercado, lo que deja en evidencia que las utilidades del campesino por su labor, no son las más justas, por otra parte al consumidor llegan los insumos con un costo elevado, precisamente por todos los intermediarios. Una de las razones por las cuales los campesinos no pueden ser también comercializadores, es porque no están capacitados para darle un valor agregado a sus productos que les conceda formalidad a su producción, así también la deficiencia de estructuras urbanas que les facilite movilizar de manera menos complicada sus insumos. Por consiguiente, el Plan de Mejoramiento Integral Agropecuario se propone formalizar la actividad agropecuaria de los campesinos en el municipio, con el diseño de un equipamiento que les permitirá capacitarce y darle valor agregado a sus productos y así llevarlos directamente al centro de comercialización del municipio, la Plaza de Mercado, donde se le dará relevancia a la marca Paipa; marca propia del municipio. De esta manera quedaría planteada la cadena completa de producción agropecuaria, que repercutirá en diferentes aspectos: sociales, económicos, arquitectónicos y aun turísticos en el municipio, puesto que al potencializar de manera pertinente la plaza de mercado, esta se convertiría en un escenario para múltiples usos, no solo los concernientes al tema de comercialización agropecuaria, sino también la posibilidad de que esta, sea un espacio flexible para eventos de tipo cultural que se realizan en el municipio. One of the most relevant economic activities of the municipality of Paipa is agricultural activity, 98% of the total territory of the municipality corresponds to the rural area, and is divided into 38 sidewalks and 19 neighborhoods, with a rural population of 42% of the total and a remaining 58% of the population in the urban area. Therefore, a good part of the population of the municipality is dedicated to agricultural activities: agricultural, livestock and fish farming. It is common for peasants to have their home and in addition to this their plot to cultivate and maintain their livestock, what they produce there they sell to people who distribute in establishments dedicated to the commercialization of these inputs and in turn to the retailers in the plaza market, which shows that the profits of the peasant for his work, are not the fairest, on the other hand the inputs reach the consumer at a high cost, precisely by all intermediaries. One of the reasons why peasants cannot also be marketers is because they are not trained to give added value to their products that gives formality to their production, as well as the deficiency of urban structures that facilitate them to mobilize less complicated their supplies. Therefore, the Comprehensive Agricultural Improvement Plan aims to formalize the agricultural activity of the peasants in the municipality, with the design of equipment that will enable them to train and give added value to their products and thus take them directly to the municipality's marketing center, the Market Square, where the Paipa brand will be given relevance; own brand of the municipality. In this way, the entire chain of agricultural production would be considered, which will have repercussions in different aspects: social, economic, architectural, and even tourist in the municipality, since by appropriately empowering the market place, this would become a scenario for multiple uses, not only those concerning the issue of agricultural commercialization, but also the possibility that this is a flexible space for cultural events that take place in the municipality. Pregrado

Las ciudades con el pasar del tiempo han evolucionado y para la ciudad de Tunja no es la excepción, ya que se ha convertido en una ciudad que presta servicios a gran escala como laborales y sobre todo educativos estos servicios ayudan al progreso y economía de la ciudad y por ello el trasporte debe estar optimizado a las ciudades y corregimientos que la rodean. El crecimiento de Tunja longitudinal se debe a muchos factores geográficos y de interés a la comunidad, por ello algunos sectores de ven afectados como los sectores estudiantiles, comércieles y de servicios esto de debido a la planeación hecha por la entidades gubernamentales. Para lo cual se busca dar una mejor solución de movilidad con la creación de estrategias, que abarcan (la conexión el tiempo , ubicación y principalmente movilidad) Through the time the cities have evolved and exactly Tunja hasn't been the exception since it has become in a city that provides large-scale services such as work and especially educational services, these services help the progress and the economy of the city and therefore transportation must be optimized for the cities and towns around it Longitudinal growth in Tunja has occurred due to many geographic factors and also the interest of the community . For this reason some services are scattered. We find a quality of life with a lack of equity in time and the optimization of inter-municipal transport in Tunja Pregrado

The study investigates the impacts of firms-, industry-, and country-level covariates on the financing structure amongst the Indonesian listed companies. Using artificial nested testing procedure, the preferred models were selected that could illustrate the association between debt ratio and its determinants. By making use of the full sample, it was found that these three levels of determinants explain approximately 73% of leverage variations. Further, the importance of these determinants on leverages across sectors is also investigated in this study. The sectoral behavior plays a crucial role as the firm- and sector-level covariates indicate more important variables than country-level covariates, which implies that the firm-level covariates become the main factors in firm financing structure determination. The artificial nested testing procedure (F-test) was used choose the preferred models, which is suitable for each sector. The selection of models depends on the sectoral characteristics, which indirectly control the orientation and magnitude of relationships. Those three levels of determinants have different impacts on capital structure across sectors, which provides evidence that the sectoral behaviors indirectly tend to influence the association between determinants and firm financing pattern in the Indonesian context.

Background The decentralization of the Indonesian healthcare system, launched in the year 2000, allowed the authorities of local community health centers (CHCs) to tailor their services to the needs of their clients. Many observers see this as an opportunity to increase CHC efficiency. Building on the Context Design Performance Framework, this paper assesses the extent to which efficiency variations between CHCs can be explained by the degree of fit between their organizational design characteristics and aspects of the communities in which they are embedded. Methods Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied to construct a measure of CHC efficiency for a sample of 598 CHCs in 2011, drawn from a publicly available Ministry of Health (MoH) dataset. Tobit regression analysis was applied to assess the impact of organization design and community characteristics and their interplay on efficiency. ResultsLarge variations in CHC efficiency were discovered, suggesting that not all CHCs are equally capable of finding the optimal design to operate most efficiently. A significant inverted U-shape relationship was found for the organization design-efficiency link: efficiency is highest for CHCs with 1-2 horizontal units and decreases for CHCs exceeding or not reaching this number. No significant association was found between community characteristics (proportion of poor people, remote location of CHC) and CHC efficiency. Conclusion Organizational design matters for CHC efficiency, but no evidence was found for the hypothesis that a better fit between community characteristics and CHC design increases efficiency. A potential reason for this might be that CHC management’s main design challenge is how to cope with the scarce availability of well-trained health personnel.

Aunque existe de hace más de 50 años el concepto de Marketing Mix, no necesariamente quiere decir que todos los empresarios saben usar las extensas herramientas que puede apoyar instantáneamente a la empresa para obtener excelentes resultados, atracción a los clientes, esencialmente cuando se realizan estrategias del Marketing Mix dichas estrategias lleva a las empresas a estar en el top empresarial, debido a esto se generara grandes ventas de los productos, posicionamiento en el mercado, entre otras cosas importantes que apoya a las empresas, de lo contrario al tener estrategias erróneas puede llegar a fracasar la empresa, es por esto que esta investigación fue elaborada en el municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México a las empresas MiPyME del sector comercio, se analizó la aplicación del Marketing Mix (producto, precio, plaza y promoción) en las empresas MiPyME, así mismo se tomó en cuenta datos primarios y secundarios obtenidos de revistas indexadas, empresas MiPyME del municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México; asimismo se utilizó un modelo teórico de segundo grado, con el cual se generó un instrumento con cuatro bloques importantes los cuales son llamados como: bloques de producto, bloque de precio, bloque de plaza y bloque de promoción, dicho instrumento fue aplicado a 280 empresas MiPyME del sector comercio; objetivo principal de la investigación es en un lapso de cinco meses conocer la efectividad del Marketing Mix que aplican las empresas del sector comercio en Aguascalientes, Ags., México, con la finalidad de observar si son efectivas las estrategias dentro de los negocios y fortalecer las áreas de oportunidad, se muestra un estudio cuantitativo deductivo en las estrategias utilizadas en cada una de las empresas del sector comercio del municipio de Aguascalientes, Ags., México.

The article is devoted to a comparative analysis of the main tasks of the Russian industrial policy at the beginning of the XXI century and at the present stage. Special attention in the research process was paid to the conceptual basis of the national industrial policy, which determined the formation of key guidelines for the development of enterprises and industries. It also highlights the goals, directions and tools for the implementation of industrial policy. The results allow us to conclude that industrial policy in the early 2000s. was caused by the main problems of the industrial sector of the country related to systemic deficiencies in the economic environment and focused on state support of enterprises, independent development of industry without coordinating strategic priorities with the socio-economic development of the country, and also focusing on creating greenhouse conditions for national producers, which led to inefficient management and use of resources, as well as the inability to compete enterprises in world markets. Now the task of industrial policy in Russia lies in the selective formation and improvement of the competitiveness of certain types of industrial activity and products in the domestic and foreign markets based on the transition to a qualitatively new - innovative - development model.

© 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. We contribute to the lack of tools to support efficient industrial policy-making, especially in the mineral beneficiation policy literature. To address this vacuum, we adapt the product space analysis approach to incorporate an input-output value chain lens. This framework is applied to the case of steel in South Africa to derive novel insights regarding the (in)efficiency of implementing a downstream linkage-based beneficiation policy. Our dynamic analysis approach allows for interactions with the rest of the product space. We find that a ‘leap-frogging’ approach to development within the value chain may be more optimal than a strict beneficiation based industrial policy. ispartof: JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES vol:55 issue:11 pages:2460-2475 status: published

Let $\mathfrak{n}$ be a nonempty, proper, convex subset of $\mathbb{C}$. The $\mathfrak{n}$-maximal operators are defined as the operators having numerical ranges in $\mathfrak{n}$ and are maximal with this property. Typical examples of these are the maximal symmetric (or accretive or dissipative) operators, the associated to some sesquilinear forms (for instance, to closed sectorial forms), and the generators of some strongly continuous semi-groups of bounded operators. In this paper the $\mathfrak{n}$-maximal operators are studied and some characterizations of these in terms of the resolvent set are given., 21 pages

The rise of wooden multistory construction (WMC) in the Nordic countries has turned out to be the most evident construction-related new business opportunity in the emerging bioeconomy. Based on earlier literature, the future growth prospects for the rise of WMC are rooted in the concerns regarding environmental issues, as witnessed in a plethora of studies focusing on carbon footprinting. But do new (performance-based) regulations ‘favor’ WMC or do they give a more ‘just’ comparison of alternative building concepts? Therefore, more information is needed on the role of growing environmental awareness and preferences for wood as a renewable and recyclable material in the markets. Our paper presents results from a two-round Delphi study focusing on the relative strength and perceived interplay between likelihood and the desirability of environmental concerns in driving WMC in Finland and Sweden. Using qualitative analysis of expert interviews in the first Delphi round, the issues related to sustainable development appear to have growing importance in the marketplace. However, the panelists perceive that the emphasis on sustainability is mainly driven by the changing regulation reflecting societal needs, and only few experts saw it as echoing directly from changing individual consumer needs. In the second Delphi round, implemented with an online survey, the likelihood and desirability of sustainability as a megatrend in housing was perceived to gain further impetus toward 2030, both in the form of consumer demand for sustainable living and wood construction as a modern way of living. However, future research is needed to get a better understanding on the strength and scope of these drivers.

As waste treatment companies are pivotal for a shift towards the circular economy, more insight into their decision-making process is needed. This paper explores how waste treatment companies make decisions facing the circular economy by using a qualitative research approach (semi-structured interviews, workshop, focus group) with 10 companies and experts across the EU in a framework of four interrelated markets. We found that the circular economy will exacerbate competition across markets, which creates difficulties for both public and private waste treatment companies to make the shift towards the circular economy in a changing technology landscape. Furthermore, there are institutional contradictions that arise due to lagging support mechanisms, leaving waste treatment companies with significant uncertainties concerning their transfer to a circular economy. Therefore, waste treatment companies will require a regulatory framework that meets their needs across various markets.

Compliance fee is the cost incurred by the taxpayers in fulfilling the taxation requirements imposed on the taxpayers by the law and the authority of the country. The company expects to incur the minimum tax costs associated with fulfilling its tax obligations. Research on the influence of business characteristics to tax compliance cost is still scanty. This research examined the effect of business characteristics (age, size, sector and risk management) on tax compliance costs. The research design adopted in this study is survey design. The questionnaires were distributed to the members of De-partment of Cooperatives and Micro Small-Medium Enterprises in Padang City. The non-probability sampling was used as the sampling method and 92 respondents participated in this re-search. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The research findings indicate that age, size and sector have no effect on tax compliance costs while risk management has an effect on tax compliance costs.

Recent calls to do climate policy research with, rather than for, stakeholders have been answered in non-modelling science. Notwithstanding progress in modelling literature, however, very little of the scenario space traces back to what stakeholders are ultimately concerned about. With a suite of eleven integrated assessment, energy system and sectoral models, we carry out a model inter-comparison for the EU, the scenario logic and research questions of which have been formulated based on stakeholders' concerns. The output of this process is a scenario framework exploring where the region is headed rather than how to achieve its goals, extrapolating its current policy efforts into the future. We find that Europe is currently on track to overperforming its pre-2020 40% target yet far from its newest ambition of 55% emissions cuts by 2030, as well as looking at a 1.0–2.35 GtCO2 emissions range in 2050. Aside from the importance of transport electrification, deployment levels of carbon capture and storage are found intertwined with deeper emissions cuts and with hydrogen diffusion, with most hydrogen produced post-2040 being blue. Finally, the multi-model exercise has highlighted benefits from deeper decarbonisation in terms of energy security and jobs, and moderate to high renewables-dominated investment needs.

The influence of the industrial sector is a long-standing assumption in entrepreneurship studies, yet the mechanisms through which the industrial sector shapes entrepreneurial phenomena and the processes through which entrepreneurial actors interact with sectors to prospect, develop, and exploit entrepreneurial opportunities remain largely under-theorized and little understood. We critically reexamine the notion of “sector” in entrepreneurship research, advancing a more dynamic view of the industrial sectors captured by the concept of sector fluidity and identifying three approaches to move the sector more prominently onto the “front seat” of entrepreneurship theory and research. Defining sector-based entrepreneurial capabilities and examining their importance to advance current understanding of industry-specific determinants, processes, and outcomes of entrepreneurship, we set out an agenda for further research aimed at advancing sector studies in entrepreneurship.