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1. MATISSE, the VLTI mid-infrared imaging spectro-interferometer

Author

Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Petrov, R.G., Jaffe, W., Antonelli, P., Allouche, F., Berio, P., Matter, A., Meilland, A., Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Henning, T., Weigelt, G., Glindemann, A., Agocs, T., Bailet, C., Beckmann, U., Bettonvil, F., Boekel, R. van, Bourget, P., Bresson, Y., Bristow, P., Cruzalèbes, P., Eldswijk, E., Fanteï Caujolle, Y., González Herrera, J.C., Graser, U., Guajardo, P., Heininger, M., Hofmann, K.H., Kroes, G., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Leinert, C., Meisenheimer, K., Morel, S., Neumann, U., Paladini, C., Percheron, I., Riquelme, M., Schoeller, M., Stee, P., Venema, L., Woillez, J., Zins, G., Ábrahám, P., Abadie, S., Abuter, R., Accardo, M., Adler, T., Alonso, J., Augereau, J.-C., Böhm, A., Bazin, G., Beltran, J., Bensberg, A., Boland, W., Brast, R., Burtscher, L., Castillo, R., Chelli, A., Cid, C., Clausse, J.-M., Connot, C., Conzelmann, R.D., Danchi, W.C., Delbo, M., Drevon, J., Dominik, C., Duin, A. van, Ebert, M., Eisenhauer, F., Flament, S., Frahm, R., Gámez Rosas, V., Gabasch, A., Gallenne, A., Garces, E., Girard, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonté, F.Y.J., Guitton, F., Haan, M. de, Hanenburg, H., Haubois, X., Hocdé, V., Hogerheijde, M., Horst, R. ter, Hron, J., Hummel, C.A., Hubin, N., Huerta, R., Idserda, J., Isbell, J.W., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jaskó, A., Jochum, L., Klarmann, L., Klein, R., Kragt, J., Kuindersma, S., Kokoulina, E., Labadie, L., Lacour, S., Leftley, J., Le Poole, R., Lizon, J.L., Lopez, M., Lykou, F., Mérand, A., Marcotto, A., Mauclert, N., Maurer, T., Mehrgan, L.H., Meisner, J., Meixner, K., Mellein, M., Menut, J.L., Mohr, L., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Nußbaum, E., Pallanca, L., Pantin, E., Pasquini, L., Phan Duc, T., Pott, J.U., Pozna, E., Richichi, A., Ridinger, A., Rigal, F., Rivinius, T., Roelfsema, R., Rohloff, R.-R., Rousseau, S., Salabert, D., Schertl, D., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Shabun, K., Soulain, A., Stephan, C., Toledo, P., Tristram, K., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Varga, J., Vinther, J., Waters, L.B.F.M., Wittkowski, M., Wolf, S., Wrhel, F., Yoffe, G., Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Low Energy Astrophysics (API, FNWI), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables (CDER), Ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique [Algérie] (MESRS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Astronomy (MPIA), European Southern Observatory Headquarters, NOVA Optical IR Instrumentation Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Kiel University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Universiteit van Amsterdam (UvA), Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 (MSAP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], médialab (Sciences Po) (médialab), Sciences Po (Sciences Po), Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), École, mutations, apprentissages (EMA), CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Konkoly Observatory, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences [Budapest], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Zselic Park of Stars, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Hematology, Instituto Superiore di Sanita Roma, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Institut National du Cancer [Boulogne Billancourt] (INC), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, instrumentation: high angular resolution, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, methods: observational, instrumentation: interferometers, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
Abstract

Context:Optical interferometry is at a key development stage. ESO's VLTI has established a stable, robust infrastructure for long-baseline interferometry for general astronomical observers. The present second-generation instruments offer a wide wavelength coverage and improved performance. Their sensitivity and measurement accuracy lead to data and images of high reliability. Aims:We have developed MATISSE, the Multi AperTure mid-Infrared SpectroScopic Experiment, to access high resolution imaging in a wide spectral domain and explore topics such: stellar activity and mass loss; planet formation and evolution in the gas and dust disks around young stars; accretion processes around super massive black holes in AGN. Methods:The instrument is a spectro-interferometric imager covering three atmospheric bands (L,M,N) from 2.8 to 13.0 mu, combining four optical beams from the VLTI's telscopes. Its concept, related observing procedure, data reduction and calibration approach are the product of 30 years of instrumental research. The instrument utilizes a multi-axial beam combination that delivers spectrally dispersed fringes. The signal provides the following quantities at several spectral resolutions: photometric flux, coherent fluxes, visibilities, closure phases, wavelength differential visibilities and phases, and aperture-synthesis imaging. Results:We provide an overview of the physical principle of the instrument and its functionalities, the characteristics of the delivered signal, a description of the observing modes and of their performance limits. An ensemble of data and reconstructed images are illustrating the first acquired key observations. Conclusion:The instrument has been in operation at Cerro Paranal, ESO, Chile since 2018, and has been open for science use by the international community since April 2019. The first scientific results are being published now., 24 pages, 26 figures, submitted to Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2022

2. BlackGEM: the wide-field multi-band optical telescope array

Author

Groot, P.J., Bloemen, S., Vreeswijk, P.M., Jonker, P.G., Pieterse, D., Engels, A., Michiels, J., Bakker, R., Hahn, F., Raskin, G., Morren, J., Navarro, R., Elswijk, E., ter Horst, R., Schuil, M., Kragt, J., Lesman, D., Haan, M. de, Bekema, M., Haan, R. de, Klein-Wolt, M., Blagorodnova, N., Johnston, C., Le Poole, R., Marshall, H.K., Spyromilio, J., Usuda, T., Marshall, H.K., Marshall, H.K., Spyromilio, J., and Usuda, T.

Subjects
Astronomy
Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext Ground-based and Airborne Telescopes IX

Published
2022

3. SPHERE/ZIMPOL high resolution polarimetric imager

Author

Schmid, Hans Martin, Bazzon, Andreas, Roelfsema, Ronald, Mouillet, David, Milli, Julien, Menard, François, Gisler, Daniel, Hunziker, Sandra, Pragt, Johan, Dominik, Carsten, Boccaletti, Anthony, Ginski, Christian, Abe, L., Antoniucci, S., Avenhaus, H., Baruffolo, A., Baudoz, P., Beuzit, J.L., Carbillet, M., Chauvin, G., Claudi, R., Costille, A., Daban, J.B., de Haan, M., Desidera, S., Dohlen, K., Downing, M., Elswijk, E., Engler, N., Feldt, M., Fusco, Thierry, Girard, J., Gratton, R., Hanenburg, H., Henning, T., Hubin, N., Joos, F., Kasper, M., Keller, C., Langlois, M., Lagadec, E., Martinez, P., Mulder, E., PAVLOV, A., Podio, L., Puget, P., Quanz, S., Rigal, F., Salasnich, B., Sauvage, Jean-François, Schuil, M., Siebenmorgen, R., Sissa, E., Snik, F., Suarez, M., Thalmann, C., Turatto, M., Udry, S., van Duin, A., van Holstein, R., Vigan, A., Wildi, F., Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics [ETH Zürich] (IPA), Department of Physics [ETH Zürich] (D-PHYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), NOVA Optical Infrared Instrumentation Group, Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Southern Observatory [Santiago] (ESO), European Southern Observatory (ESO), Istituto Ricerche Solari Locarno, Kiepenheuer-Institut für Sonnenphysik (KIS), Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur (OCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma (OAR), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF), Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie (MPIA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova (OAPD), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Chile, DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri (OAA), Observatoire Astronomique de l'Université de Genève (ObsGE), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Leiden, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), DOTA, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE) [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], INSTRUMENTATION:POLARIMETERS, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], instrumentation: high angular resolution, instrumentation: detectors, instrumentation: polarimeters, adaptive optics, Instrumentation: high angular resolution, Instrumentation: polarimeters, Instrumentation: detectors, Planetary systems, Circumstellar matter [Instrumentation], instrumentation: adaptive optics, planetary systems, circumstellar matter
Abstract

International audience; Context . The SPHERE “planet finder” is an extreme adaptive optics (AO) instrument for high resolution and high contrast observations at the Very Large Telescope (VLT). We describe the Zurich Imaging Polarimeter (ZIMPOL), the visual focal plane subsystem of SPHERE, which pushes the limits of current AO systems to shorter wavelengths, higher spatial resolution, and much improved polarimetric performance. Aims . We present a detailed characterization of SPHERE/ZIMPOL which should be useful for an optimal planning of observations and for improving the data reduction and calibration. We aim to provide new benchmarks for the performance of high contrast instruments, in particular for polarimetric differential imaging. Methods . We have analyzed SPHERE/ZIMPOL point spread functions (PSFs) and measure the normalized peak surface brightness, the encircled energy, and the full width half maximum (FWHM) for different wavelengths, atmospheric conditions, star brightness, and instrument modes. Coronagraphic images are described and the peak flux attenuation and the off-axis flux transmission are determined. Simultaneous images of the coronagraphic focal plane and the pupil plane are analyzed and the suppression of the diffraction rings by the pupil stop is investigated. We compared the performance at small separation for different coronagraphs with tests for the binary α Hyi with a separation of 92 mas and a contrast of Δ m ≈ 6 m . For the polarimetric mode we made the instrument calibrations using zero polarization and high polarization standard stars and here we give a recipe for the absolute calibration of polarimetric data. The data show small (< 1 mas) but disturbing differential polarimetric beam shifts, which can be explained as Goos-Hähnchen shifts from the inclined mirrors, and we discuss how to correct this effect. The polarimetric sensitivity is investigated with non-coronagraphic and deep, coronagraphic observations of the dust scattering around the symbiotic Mira variable R Aqr. Results . SPHERE/ZIMPOL reaches routinely an angular resolution (FWHM) of 22−28 mas, and a normalized peak surface brightness of SB 0 − m star ≈ −6.5 m arcsec −2 for the V -, R - and I -band. The AO performance is worse for mediocre ≳1.0″ seeing conditions, faint stars m R ≳ 9 m , or in the presence of the “low wind” effect (telescope seeing). The coronagraphs are effective in attenuating the PSF peak by factors of > 100, and the suppression of the diffracted light improves the contrast performance by a factor of approximately two in the separation range 0.06″−0.20″. The polarimetric sensitivity is Δ p < 0.01% and the polarization zero point can be calibrated to better than Δ p ≈ 0.1%. The contrast limits for differential polarimetric imaging for the 400 s I -band data of R Aqr at a separation of ρ = 0.86″ are for the surface brightness contrast SB pol ( ρ )− m star ≈ 8 m arcsec −2 and for the point source contrast m pol ( ρ )− m star ≈ 15 m and much lower limits are achievable with deeper observations. Conclusions . SPHERE/ZIMPOL achieves imaging performances in the visual range with unprecedented characteristics, in particular very high spatial resolution and very high polarimetric contrast. This instrument opens up many new research opportunities for the detailed investigation of circumstellar dust, in scattered and therefore polarized light, for the investigation of faint companions, and for the mapping of circumstellar H α emission.

Published
2018

4. MeerLICHT and BlackGEM: custom-built telescopes to detect faint optical transients

Author

Bloemen, S., Groot, P.J., Woudt, P., Klein Wolt, M., McBride, V., Nelemans, G.A., Körding, E., Pretorius, M.L., Roelfsema, R., Bettonvil, F., Balster, H., Bakker, R, Dolron, P., Elteren, A. van, Elswijk, E., Engels, A., Fender, R., Fokker, M., Haan, M. de, Hagoort, K., Hoog, J. de, Horst, R. van der, Kevie, G. van der, Kozłowski, S., Kragt, J., Lech, G., Poole, R. Le, Lesman, D., Morren, J., Navarro, R., Paalberends, W.-J., Paterson, K., Pawłaszek, R., Pessemier, W., Raskin, G., Rutten, H, Scheers, B., Schuil, M., Sybilski, P.W., Hall, H.J., and Hall, H.J.

Subjects
Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Active optics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, LIGO, Optical telescope, law.invention, Telescope, Primary (astronomy), law, 0103 physical sciences, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Variable star, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the MeerLICHT and BlackGEM telescopes, which are wide-field optical telescopes that are currently being built to study transient phenomena, gravitational wave counterparts and variable stars. The telescopes have 65 cm primary mirrors and a 2.7 square degree field-of-view. The MeerLICHT and BlackGEM projects have different science goals, but will use identical telescopes. The first telescope, MeerLICHT, will be commissioned at Sutherland (South Africa) in the first quarter of 2017. It will co-point with MeerKAT to collect optical data commensurate with the radio observations. After careful analysis of MeerLICHT's performance, three telescopes of the same type will be commissioned in La Silla (Chile) in 2018 to form phase I of the BlackGEM array. BlackGEM aims at detecting and characterizing optical counterparts of gravitational wave events detected by Advanced LIGO and Virgo. In this contribution we present an overview of the science goals, the design and the status of the two projects.

Published
2016

5. An Overview of the MATISSE Instrument — Science, Concept and Current Status

Author

Lopez, B., Lagarde, S., Jaffe, W., Petrov, R., Schöller, M., Antonelli, P., Beckmann, U., Berio, P., Bettonvil, F., Glindemann, A., Gonzalez, J. -C, Graser, U., Hofmann, K. -H, Millour, F., Robbe-Dubois, S., Venema, L., Wolf, S., Henning, T., Lanz, T., Weigelt, G., Agocs, T., Bailet, C., Bresson, Y., Bristow, P., Dugué, M., Heininger, M., Kroes, G., Laun, W., Lehmitz, M., Neumann, U., Augereau, J. -C, Avila, G., Behrend, J., Belle, G., Jean-Philippe Berger, Boekel, R., Bonhomme, S., Bourget, P., Brast, R., Clausse, J. -M, Connot, C., Conzelmann, R., Cruzalèbes, P., Csepany, G., Danchi, W., Delbo, M., Delplancke, F., Dominik, C., Duin, A., Elswijk, E., Fantei, Y., Finger, G., Gabasch, A., Gay, J., Girard, P., Girault, V., Gitton, P., Glazenborg, A., Gonté, F., Guitton, F., Guniat, S., Haan, M., Haguenauer, P., Hanenburg, H., Hogerheijde, M., Ter Horst, R., Hron, J., Hugues, Y., Hummel, C., Idserda, J., Ives, D., Jakob, G., Jasko, A., Jolley, P., Kiraly, S., Köhler, R., Kragt, J., Kroener, T., Kuindersma, S., Labadie, L., Leinert, C., Le Poole, R., Lizon, J. -L, Lucuix, C., Marcotto, A., Martinache, F., Martinot-Lagarde, G., Mathar, R., Matter, A., Mauclert, N., Mehrgan, L., Meilland, A., Meisenheimer, K., Meisner, J., Mellein, M., Menardi, S., Menut, J. -L, Merand, A., Morel, S., Mosoni, L., Navarro, R., Nussbaum, E., Ottogalli, S., Palsa, R., Panduro, J., Pantin, E., Parra, T., Percheron, I., Duc, T. P., Pott, J. -U, Pozna, E., Przygodda, F., Rabbia, Y., Richichi, A., Rigal, F., Roelfsema, R., Rupprecht, G., Schertl, D., Schmidt, C., Schuhler, N., Schuil, M., Spang, A., Stegmeier, J., Thiam, L., Tromp, N., Vakili, F., Vannier, M., Wagner, K., and Woillez, J.

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