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A large theoretical literature in sociology connects increases in incarceration to contractions in the demand for labor. But previous research on how the labor market affects incarceration is often functionalist and seldom causal. We estimate the effect of a shock to the southern agricultural labor market during a time when planters exerted a clear influence over whether workers or potential workers were incarcerated. From 1915 to 1920, a beetle called the boll weevil spread across the state of Georgia, causing cotton yields and the demand for agricultural workers to fall. Using archival records of incarceration in Georgia, we find that the boll weevil infestation increased the Black prison admission rate for property crimes by more than a third. The infestation’s effects on whites and on prison admissions for other crimes were small and not statistically significant. Our analysis offers a conditional theory of the political economy of punishment, clarifies the relationship between incarceration and the economic institutions that replaced slavery, and contributes to a growing literature on incarceration and exploitation in the labor market.

Supplemental Material, smr_appendix for Covariance Regression Models for Studying Treatment Effect Heterogeneity Across One or More Outcomes: Understanding How Treatments Shape Inequality by Deirdre Bloome and Daniel Schrage in Sociological Methods & Research

A dynamically deployed Gurney flap was examined as a vibration reduction mechanism. A NavierStokes/Free wake hybrid method was used for a physics-based investigation of the Gurney flap effect. A previously trimmed prescribed motion was used for a quick examination of this concept. The 4-perrevolution normal force at the hub was compared with the loads for a higher harmonic controlled rotor and the baseline rotor. The simulation showed that the proper Gurney flap deployment reduced 80% of the 4P normal force vibration, whereas the higher harmonic controlled rotor reduced 53%. With proper on-board controller, further reduction of the vibration is expected with the Gurney flap. However, the Gurney flap caused blade sectional nose-down pitching moment and altered the trim condition. Thus, additional CFDCSD coupling analysis for aeroelastic deformation and rotor trim is required. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down.