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Objective: To study the variations in anthropometric parameters of the adult human femora including total length, shaft length, the angle anteversion and neck shaft angle in femur of Pakistani origin. Study Design: Descriptive Correlational. Setting: Department of Anatomy, Rawalpindi Medical University. Period: April, 2022 to June, 2022. Material & Methods: Eighty femora of undetermined gender and age were selected from the bone bank of Anatomy Department, Rawalpindi Medical University (RMU). Measuring tape was used to measure length and goniometer was used to measure angles. Results: Thirty five bones were of right side and 45 of the left. The total femur length was 43.75±3.01 cm and the femur shaft length were 30.21±2.54 cm. There was no significant difference between the two sides. The mean neck shaft angle was 128.79±5.05 degrees with no difference between the sides. The mean angle of anteversion was 16.43±5.14 degrees with a significantly greater angle on the right compared to the left side (p=0.028). Conclusion: In Pakistani Femur there is no significant difference in the total, shaft lengths and neck shaft angles on the right and left sides. This bilateral symmetry shows synchronization which is important for posture and movement. However, the Angle of Femoral Neck Anteversion is significantly greater on the right as compared to the left. Also, this angle is less than reported in African and more than reported in American and European population.

The search for minimally invasive treatment of osteoarthritis has led to the development of biological options such as platelet-rich plasma (PRP), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and bone marrow aspirate concentrates. This research was conducted to study the outcomes of PRP administration in the chemical-induced model of osteoarthritis in rat knee. Methods and results Two milligrams of monoiodoacetate (MIA) was used for the induction of arthritis in the right knee of 16 rats. Autologous PRP was prepared by double centrifugation, which was then administered in the arthritic knee of eight rats. This group was labeled as the treated group (A) while the rest were counted as the non-treated group (B). Chondrocyte count and uncalcified cartilage thickness were morphometrically assessed on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides, and it was noted that treated group A had a higher chondrocyte count and more cartilage height as compared to non-treated group B. Intergroup comparison was done between the treated group (A) and non-treated group (B) using the independent t-test. P-values were found to be statistically significant for these parameters. Conclusion This study thus concluded that PRP had induced an inhibitory effect on the apoptosis of chondrocytes, which, in turn, prevented the loss of cartilage height by inhibiting matrix loss.

Glutamate is found in a wide variety of foods. It induces the uterine fibroid in the rats by increasing the levels of estradiol. Diltiazem is an effective preventive medication. This study was conducted to analyse the effect of monosodium glutamate on the serum estrogen and progesterone levels in adult Sprague Dawley rat and its prevention with diltiazem.This Laboratory based randomized controlled trial was conducted in the department of Anatomy, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi in collaboration with National Institute of Health (NIH), Islamabad from 9th April to 23rd April 2012. In this experimental study, 30 adult female Sprague Dawley rats of average weight of 500 g were randomly assigned into three groups. The experimental group B was given 0.08 mg/kg of monosodium glutamate (MSG) orally and experimental group C was given 0.08 mg/kg of MSG and 10 mg/kg of diltiazem in distilled water orally for 14 days. The control group (A) received only laboratory diet. Using intracardiac route 5 ml blood was taken from each animal for hormonal assay.Hormone assay of the serum in the experimental group B showed increase in serum estrogen and progesterone levels as compared to the group A and there was minor increase in the hormonal levels in group C.MSG causes increase in the serum estrogen and progesterone levels in adult female rats and diltiazem prevents this effect.