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The University of Florida 4-H program evaluated volunteer perceptions of behavior adoption resulting from the completion of training focused on best practices that promote positive youth development. The evaluation effort was a quasi-experimental design that surveyed all enrolled volunteers electronically. The survey was designed to determine the types and frequency of training that 4-H volunteers participated in, their satisfaction with the training, the volunteer’s role of service, and outcomes of adopting best practices of program quality. A response rate of 27% (n = 340) provided a representative sample of the enrolled volunteers across demographic categories and geographical regions of the state. The results show that volunteers report practicing elements of positive youth development as categorized by the Essential Elements framework and that correlations between the type of training volunteers participate in and their implementation of quality practices are significant. Implications for volunteer trainings include the consideration of frequency, expanding opportunities beyond traditional delivery, and incorporating training elements that promote high-quality youth programming. This evaluation effort provides baseline data that informs future research for the Florida 4-H program.

Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM (FFL) protects natural resources through water conservation, waste and nonpoint source pollution reduction, erosion prevention, and creation of wildlife-sustaining habitats by implementing science-based landscaping practices. 4-H Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Curriculum fosters environmental stewardship among youth and allows them to engage in conserving water, soil, and vegetation resources from an early age. This curriculum addresses Florida’s unique environment and may be used alone or as a supplement to the 4-H Junior Master Gardener curriculum. Through 4-H Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Curriculum, youth will learn nine basic principles of FFL, including water, soil, and vegetation conservation through landscape and gardening activities. This curriculum targets youth in grades 6 to 8 (ages 10 to 14) and contains both in-classroom and home activities that allow youth to understand and engage the world around them, thereby helping them gain life skills in the areas of Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. All volunteers and instructors utilizing this resource should work with their local 4-H Extension Agent to appropriately enroll youth in 4-H in order for them to experience the full benefits of the 4-H Youth Development program and to receive credit for completion of a 4-H project.Leader Guide; https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h411

Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM (FFL) protects natural resources through water conservation, waste and nonpoint source pollution reduction, erosion prevention, and creation of wildlife-sustaining habitats by implementing science-based landscaping practices. 4-H Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Curriculum fosters environmental stewardship among youth and allows them to engage in conserving water, soil, and vegetation resources from an early age. This curriculum addresses Florida’s unique environment and may be used alone or as a supplement to the 4-H Junior Master Gardener curriculum. Through 4-H Florida-Friendly LandscapingTM Curriculum, youth will learn nine basic principles of FFL, including water, soil, and vegetation conservation through landscape and gardening activities. This curriculum targets youth in grades 6 to 8 (ages 10 to 14) and contains both in-classroom and home activities that allow youth to understand and engage the world around them, thereby helping them gain life skills in the areas of Head, Heart, Hands, and Health. All volunteers and instructors utilizing this resource should work with their local 4-H Extension Agent to appropriately enroll youth in 4-H in order for them to experience the full benefits of the 4-H Youth Development program and to receive credit for completion of a 4-H project. Workbook; https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h422

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) randomized to erythropoietin have better or worse kidney-related outcomes during hospitalization and at 22–26 months corrected gestational age (cGA) compared with those randomized to placebo. STUDY DESIGN: We performed an ancillary study to a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial of erythropoietin in ELGANs. RESULTS: The prevalence of severe (stage 2 or 3) acute kidney injury (AKI) was 18.2%. We did not find a statistically significant difference between those randomized to erythropoietin vs. placebo for in-hospital primary (severe AKI) or secondary outcomes (any AKI and serum creatinine [SCr]/ cystatin C values at days 0, 7, 9 and 14). At 22–26 months cGA, 16% of the cohort had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30 mg/g, 23% had a systolic blood pressure (SBP) >95(th) percentile for age, and 40% had a diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >95(th) percentile for age. SBP >90(th) percentile occurred less often among recipients of erythropoietin (p95(th) percentile or DBP >90(th) or >95(th) percentiles. CONCLUSIONS: ELGANs have high rates of in-hospital AKI and kidney-related problems at 22–26 months cGA. Recombinant erythropoietin (rhEpo) may protect ELGANs against long-term elevated SBP, but does not appear to protect from AKI, low eGFR, albuminuria or elevated DBP at 22–26 months cGA.

The Florida 4-H Dairy Record book is an animal sciences record book for all members in the dairy project to keep an accurate record of their project work. This is a major revision of Dairy and Dairy Goat Project Record Book.

This is one publication in the series Risk Management for 4-H Youth Development Work. This series is intended to prepare UF/IFAS Extension county faculty, staff, volunteers, and youth to satisfactorily complete the important task of providing best practices in risk management strategies. This 4-page document provides a checklist that will help during 4-H event and activity planning. Written by Dale Pracht, Paula Davis, Stefanie Prevatt, Janet Psikogios, and Sarah Hensley and published by the UF/IFAS 4-H Youth Development Department, March 2018. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h384

Previous biomechanical studies have estimated the strains of bone and bone substitutes using strain gages. However, applying strain gages to biological samples can be difficult, and data collection is limited to a small area under the strain gage. The purpose of this study was to compare digital image correlation (DIC) strain measurements to those obtained from strain gages in order to assess the applicability of DIC technology to common biomechanical testing scenarios.Compression and bending tests were conducted on aluminum alloy, polyurethane foam, and laminated polyurethane foam specimens. Simplified single-legged stance loads were applied to composite and cadaveric femurs.Results showed no significant differences in principal strain values (or variances) between strain gage and DIC measurements on the aluminum alloy and laminated polyurethane foam specimens. There were significant differences between the principal strain measurements of the non-laminated polyurethane foam specimens, but the deviation from theoretical results was similar for both measurement techniques. DIC and strain gage data matched well in 83.3% of all measurements in composite femur models and in 58.3% of data points in cadaveric specimens. Increased variation in cadaveric data was expected, and is associated with the well-documented variability of strain gage analysis on hard tissues as a function of bone temperature, hydration, gage protection, and other factors specific to cadaveric biomechanical testing.DIC techniques provide similar results to those obtained from strain gages across standard and anatomical specimens while providing the advantages of reduced specimen preparation time and full-field data analysis.

Overseas contingency operations which occur in areas lacking medical infrastructure pose challenges to the stabilization and transportation of critically ill patients. In particular, metabolic derangements resulting from acute kidney injury (AKI) make long-distance aeromedical evacuation risky. Here, we report the first modern use of in-flight continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH) for intercontinental aeromedical evacuation. Hospital and transport records were reviewed for a 31-yr-old male active duty service member who sustained 40% total body surface area full thickness burns after high-voltage electrical exposure in the southern Philippines. He was evacuated to the Burns Centre at Singapore General Hospital, where CVVH was initiated for anuric AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis. The United States Army Institute of Surgical Research (USAISR) Burn Flight Team transported the patient to the USAISR Burn Center at Fort Sam Houston, TX, USA. CVVH was performed in-flight for 15 h out of 19.5 h of total flight time. CVVH settings were maintained as follows: blood flow 250 mL/min; replacement fluid rate 3,500 mL/h; and no ultra-filtrate removal. Unfractionated heparin at 500 units/h was utilized for regional anticoagulation. No filter clotting was encountered; a planned filter change was performed during a midway refueling stop. Pre-flight hyperkalemia was managed with low-potassium replacement fluid. No fluid was removed in the setting of large wound insensible losses. The patient remained hemodynamically stable and required no vasoactive medications. Continuous veno-venous hemofiltration can be used safely during high-altitude flight to evacuate casualties with AKI from distant contingency operations. The use of portable hemodialysis equipment in this case also proves the feasibility of deploying renal replacement therapies to more forward facilities than previously considered.

Success at school-based sites to form 4-H clubs and programs will depend on utilizing the developmental practices of positive youth development and incorporating a set of principles known as the Essential Elements. Youth benefit from feeling like they belong, mastering a skill, gaining independence, and exhibiting generosity. The 4-H club atmosphere provides a setting for youth to achieve lifelong skills as long as they are given the opportunity to learn them. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS 4-H Youth and Development Program was written by Vanessa Spero-Swingle. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/4h405

The duties and responsibilities of each of the club officer roles are outlined in this helpful guide. It also includes a 4-H club meeting checklist and information about club performance recognition. This 15-page fact sheet was revised by Tracy Tesdall, Judith Levings, Ali Baker, Sarah Hensley, Stacey Ellison, and published by the UF Department of 4-H Youth Development, September 2014. 4HGCM10/4H049: The Florida 4-H Officer's Handbook (ufl.edu)

Being the treasurer is a very important position in your club. Your fellow 4-H Club Members have shown their confidence in you by letting you have this responsibility. As treasurer, you will be responsible for taking care of the club’s money, bank accounts, or other money matters. This 32-page manual and record book has been updated by Judith Levings, Ali Baker, Sarah Hensley, and Stacey Ellison, and published by the UF Department of 4-H Youth Development, September 2014. 4HGCR02/4H012: Florida 4-H Treasurer's Manual and Record Book (ufl.edu)

This information sheet is the introduction to the 4-H Volunteer Training Series (VTS). The series contains a wealth of information, from how to start a club, to planning field trips, to how to work with youth. This 5-page fact sheet was written by Keith G. Diem, Sarah Hensley, and Ben Knowles, and published by the UF Department of 4-H Youth Development, July 2014. 4H335/4H335: The ABCs of 4-H: A Primer for 4-H Volunteers (ufl.edu)

Morbidly obese patients with body mass index greater than 40 kg/m2 and respiratory failure requiring critical care services are increasingly seen in trauma and acute care surgical centers. Baseline respiratory pathophysiology including decreased pulmonary compliance with dependent atelectasis and abnormal ventilation–perfusion relationships predisposes these patients to acute lung injury (ALI) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as prolonged stays in the intensive care unit. Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is an increasingly used alternative mode for salvage therapy in patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure that also provides lung protection from ventilator-induced lung injury. APRV provides the conceptual advantage of an “open lung” approach to ventilation that may be extended to the morbidly obese patient population with ALI and ARDS. We discuss the theoretical benefits and a recent clinical experience of APRV ventilation in the morbidly obese patient with respiratory failure at a Level I trauma, surgical critical care, and acute care surgery center.

Florida 4-H programs offered to children ages 5 to 7 are called 4-H Cloverbud programs and are a component of the Florida 4-H Youth Development Program. The goal of the Florida 4-H Cloverbud program is to offer age-appropriate, fun, and exploratory learning experiences for children in the 5 to 7 age group. This 5-page fact sheet describes the best management practices 4-H faculty and volunteers should use when teaching and interacting with this age group. Written by Amanda Squitieri and Sarah Hensley, and published by the UF Department of 4-H Youth Development, June 2015. 4H369/4H369: Volunteer Training Series—4-H Cloverbuds Program: 4-H for Younger Members (ufl.edu)

Corporate knowledge is the asset enabling an organization to take effective action, and make crucial decisions correctly. A key challenge for business leaders is how to engage everyone in the processes of knowledge capture, sharing and application. Increasingly, the notion of an internal knowledge economy is becoming a reality for many companies as they strive to become distinctive from the competition. People and human behavior are at the core of KM. Robust approaches to leverage the collective knowledge of an organization must be adopted entity-wide in order to affect high standards of capture, transfer and application. If KM is to be successful, the organization must be given a clear framework to guide, support, monitor and continuously improve the integration of collective know-how in pursuit of specific business goals. This paper describes a framework for managing knowledge, which is becoming increasingly adopted within BP's Exploration & Production (E&P) business segment. The Major Projects Knowledge Framework addresses the governance of knowledge as well as the support elements (people, process and technology) necessary to ensure knowledge is applied as needed, when needed and in a format that is usable by others.

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