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Additional file 1: Table S1 Description of children with X-linked hypophosphatemia treated with rhGH and with or without aGnRH. Table S2 Description of height changes in children with X-linked hypophosphatemia given rhGH through follow-up, stratified by whether they received aGnRH.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X221084848 for Infigratinib in children with achondroplasia: the PROPEL and PROPEL 2 studies by Ravi Savarirayan, Josep Maria De Bergua, Paul Arundel, Helen McDevitt, Valerie Cormier-Daire, Vrinda Saraff, Mars Skae, Borja Delgado, Antonio Leiva-Gea, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Jean Pierre Salles, Marc Nicolino, Massimiliano Rossi, Peter Kannu, Michael B. Bober, John Phillips, Howard Saal, Paul Harmatz, Christine Burren, Garrett Gotway, Terry Cho, Elena Muslimova, Richard Weng, Daniela Rogoff, Julie Hoover-Fong and Melita Irving in Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tab-10.1177_1759720X221084848 for Infigratinib in children with achondroplasia: the PROPEL and PROPEL 2 studies by Ravi Savarirayan, Josep Maria De Bergua, Paul Arundel, Helen McDevitt, Valerie Cormier-Daire, Vrinda Saraff, Mars Skae, Borja Delgado, Antonio Leiva-Gea, Fernando Santos-Simarro, Jean Pierre Salles, Marc Nicolino, Massimiliano Rossi, Peter Kannu, Michael B. Bober, John Phillips, Howard Saal, Paul Harmatz, Christine Burren, Garrett Gotway, Terry Cho, Elena Muslimova, Richard Weng, Daniela Rogoff, Julie Hoover-Fong and Melita Irving in Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease

Thrombocytopenia (defined by platelet count

LEOPARD syndrome (LS), a disorder with multiple developmental abnormalities, is mainly due to mutations that impair the activity of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (PTPN11). How these alterations cause the disease remains unknown. We report here that fibroblasts isolated from LS patients displayed stronger epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced phosphorylation of both AKT and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) than fibroblasts from control patients. Similar results were obtained in HEK293 cells expressing LS mutants of SHP2. We found that the GAB1/phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) complex was more abundant in fibroblasts from LS than control subjects and that both AKT and GSK-3beta hyperphosphorylation were prevented by reducing GAB1 expression or by overexpressing a GAB1 mutant unable to bind to PI3K. Consistently, purified recombinant LS mutants failed to dephosphorylate GAB1 PI3K-binding sites. These mutants induced PI3K-dependent increase in cell size in a model of chicken embryo cardiac explants and in transcriptional activity of the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) gene in neonate rat cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, SHP2 mutations causing LS facilitate EGF-induced PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta stimulation through impaired GAB1 dephosphorylation, resulting in deregulation of a novel signaling pathway that could be involved in LS pathology.