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Additional file 1: Table S1. Association of rs7756992 with GDM under different genetic models. Table S2. Association of rs7754840 with GDM under different genetic models. Table S3. Cross classification interaction table of CDKAL1 variants (rs7756992 and rs7754840) and family history of T2DM. Table S4. Cross classification interaction table of CDKAL1 variants (rs7756992 and rs7754840) and gravidity.

This paper assesses the technical efficiency and profitability of the knitwear industry in Bangladesh taking into account the sector’s role in poverty reduction. While stochastic frontier analysis was invoked to assess technical efficiency, three alternative measures, namely the rate of return, total factor productivity and the Solow residual, were used to gauge the extent and determinants of the profitability of the industry based on firm-level data collected in 2001. The estimation results indicate the high profitability of the knitwear firms. In Bangladesh, the dynamic development of the industry has entailed great diversity in efficiency in comparison with the garment industries of other developing countries. While there is a significant scale effect in profitability and productivity, no supporting evidence was found for the positive impact on competitiveness of industrial upgrading in terms of usage of expensive machinery and vertical integration and industrial agglomeration.