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The treatment of microbial infections has proven challenging for humans in recent years. Synthetic medications, such as antimicrobial agents, are used for treating these infections. Antimicrobials derived from natural sources have gained popularity as an alternative to manufactured medications due to their lack of adverse effects. Plants, which play a significant role in this setting, have historically served as a reliable natural defence against several pathogens. In this study, studies on plants used against viral diseases are mentioned. Studies on viruses that cause disease have been compiled in the literature. According to the findings, it has been reported in the literature that many different plant species are effective against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1, HSV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), influenza virus (A, B) and parainfluenza, Poliovirus, Astrovirus, Parvovirus, Sindbis virus (SINV), Feline calicivirus (FCV), Rhinovirus, Echovirus, Rotavirus, Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), Reovirus, Vaccinia virus (VACV), Cardiovirus A (Encephalomyocarditis virus; EMCV), Coxsackie virus, Semliki forest, Measles virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), Coronavirus, Adenovirus (ADV-3, ADV-5, ADV-8, ADV -11), Canine distemper virus (CDV), Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), Hepatitis A, B, C virus and Enterovirus. To combat viruses, plants can be considered a potentially invaluable natural resource.

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is one of the most valuable spices that has been used for centuries as food preservative and for many medicinal purposes such as antispasmodic, carminative, antioxidant and antimicrobial. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of alcoholic extract of clove, on the viability of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices in vitro. Different concentrations of the clove extract were assessed (1, 50 and 100 mg /ml). The results of the current study showed significant complete inhibition (100%) of protoscolices viability in vitro treated with100 mg/ml of alcoholic extract of S. aromaticum after 3 hours of exposure. Also, 85% inhibition with concentration of 50 mg/ml after 3 hours, progressing to complete inhibition of protoscolices viability after 4 hours. With concentration of 1 mg /ml, 70 % inhibition was observed after 3 hours, progressing to 100% inhibition after 5 hours of exposure to S. aromaticum alcoholic extract. There were significant correlations between efficacy and concentration and between efficacy and exposure time.

Since prehistoric times, humans have relied on plants for a wide variety of needs, including sustenance, shelter, thermal regulation, and medical treatment. Plants are significant organics because of the many ways they may be put to use. The white radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus (L.) Domin) was tested for its antioxidant and antibacterial properties, as were its tuber and aerial portions. A soxhlet was used to extract ethanol from plant material. The antioxidant and oxidant capacities were tested with the use of Rel Assay TAS and TOS kits. The agar dilution technique was used to test for antimicrobial activity against the bacteria and fungus included in the experiment. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the tuber extract of the plant was measured as 6.698±0.187, the TOS value as 5.609±0.245 and the OSI value as 0.084±0.002. The TAS value of the herbal aerial parts extract was 4.689±0.223, the TOS value was 3.746±0.128, and the OSI value was 0.080±0.003. Inhibition of tuber extract was observed at concentrations varying between 25-100 against bacterial strains and 200 µg/mL against fungal strains. Aerial parts extract showed inhibition against bacterial strains at concentrations varying between 100-200 and against fungus strains at concentrations ranging from 200-400 µg/mL. As a result, it was determined that the white radish plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity.

The study aimed at preparing a list of reading comprehension skills that are suitable for fifth-grade students. Moreover, it aimed at revealing the extent of availability of reading comprehension levels in the Arabic language textbook (my beautiful language reading skills) for the fifth grade in the Sultanate of Oman. The researchers used the descriptive approach based on content analysis. The first aim was reached by studying previous studies and preparing a list of reading comprehension skills in six levels: literal comprehension, appreciative comprehension, inferential comprehension, applied comprehension, critical comprehension and creative comprehension students of fifth grade students. While the second objective was achieved by analyzing the sample of the study (372) activities in the first part and the second part. The study introduced several results, including a list of 43 skills distributed at the six reading comprehension levels suitable for fifth-grade students. The book included 38 skills out of a total of 43 reading comprehension skills included in the study instrument. The availability of the six levels of reading comprehension skills rates is varied. The highest is the inferential comprehension 36.74%, followed by a literal comprehension level of 25.98%, followed by a practical comprehension level of 16.01%, followed by a creative comprehension level of 11.54% followed by a critical comprehension level of 5.24%, then a level of comprehension 4.46%.The study had several recommendations, including determining the actual rates of reading comprehension skills that should be available in the studying activities while developing the book and enriching the book with assessment in the skills that the study showed in the six levels.

Introduction: increased cases of cardiac diseases in our world, and the absence of non-invasive, accurate, and feasible method of examination necessitate the looking for one's which achieved these criteria, that is the visualization of the coronary arteries (CAs) by means of the color flow transthoracic echocardiography. Aim of work: To check the possibilities of color flow mode of Transthoracic Echocardiography for seeing the whole lengths of coronary arteries and areas of stenosis, dilatations, and possibilities of visualization of collateral vessels. Materials and Methods: In Adhale governorate, Yemen republic, an observational study was conducted at Dr. Nashwan Al-Ashwal Clinic for medical and cardiac diseases. Cases were selected randomly. The total number of them was 763 participants, 700 males and 63 female ranging from 5 months to 70 years old, and then divided into two groups; 228 control and 535 patients. Period of study was from 1st January to 31th December 2021. The collected information was entered into Microsoft excel and word. Technique of examination by using of routine transthoracic echocardiography and the color flow mode with adjustments of its parameters as explained in the context. Results: A success in visualization of the whole lengths of coronary arteries in all patients (100%), in addition to some other features also were seeing, as the following: "group 1" few areas of beaded shape scattered along the vessel course, and one or two blue segments connecting the red vessel end to end of the same artery, and small area/areas of either red or blue colors with network shapes, while in "group 2"; there are more beaded areas, more than two areas of mosaic color reflections (stenosis), arterial segment/segments with dilatation, more than two blue segments of short or long distances that connecting end to end of the same red (artery) vessel and to another vessel/vessels, local and diffused color changes in the blue (collateral arteries or connector vessel) or red vessels to tint white or yellow colors respectively, large areas of either red or blue color (network arteries), blood pooling focus that pumping blood into more than one areas distal to level/levels of coronary arteries stenosis, and lastly, appearance of a darken area/side in the left ventricle. decreased in /absence of blood vessels, particularly, the red ones, in few patients with severe ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. Conclusion: The examinations by color flow mode of transthoracic echocardiography permits the visualization of whole lengths of coronary arteries, stenotic and dilated segments, in addition to the small coronary arteries and the collateral vessels or rescuing circulation, and discovered that the collateral circulation is in needs for higher pressure in the pre stenotic segments, to open their vessels one by one, and also to facilitate blood flowing through the stenotic segments before development of collateral circulations, that also affected by atherosclerotic changes, and leads to arise of blood pooling focus.

Background: A series of hemoglobinopathies known collectively as sickle cell disease (SCD) contain abnormalities in the gene encoding the beta component of haemoglobin. There are other subcategories that fall under the SCD umbrella, including sickle cell disease (SCD), haemoglobin SC disease (HbSC), and haemoglobin sickle-beta thalassemia (beta-thalassemia positive or beta-thalassemia negative). The prevalence of SCD varies greatly across Saudi Arabia, with the Eastern province having the greatest frequency and the southern regions having the second-highest prevalence. The reported sickle-cell prevalence ranges from 2% to 27%, and in some regions, up to 2.6% of people will have SCD. Objectives: The study aims to summarize current evidences regarding Prevalence of Sickle-Cell Disease in Saudi Arabia. Methods: For article selection, the PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used. All relevant articles relevant with our topic and other articles were used in our review. Other articles that were not related to this field were excluded. The data was extracted in a specific format that was reviewed by the group members. Conclusion: Although the prevenance of sickle cell anemia is relatively high due to multiple reasons such as consanguinity, the prevalence of genetic diseases in Saudi Arabia may be significantly lowered during the following decades as a result of premarital screening there. Also, acute chest syndrome in SCD patients is relatively infrequent in Saudi Arabia's Eastern Province, it nonetheless has a major impact on morbidity and death. If patients with African haplotypes are compared, it has a low prevalence and recurrence.

Introduction: Warfarin is a highly effective oral anticoagulant; however, its use is confined due to a valid concern about bleeding. This systematic review investigates the drug-drug interactions that may occur in patients on warfarin therapy and the use of antimicrobials. Methodology: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, EBSCO, and Cochrane library were searched. Study articles were screened by title and abstract using Rayyan QCRI then a full-text assessment was conducted. Results: Eleven studies were included, with a total of 83438 patients. The included studies have reported different antibiotics were associated with bleeding events in patients on warfarin therapy. Three studies associated reported GIT bleeding. Older adults and patients who underwent valve replacement surgery and were on warfarin therapy were found to have an increase in INR with associated antibiotic use. Conclusion: Patients on warfarin run the risk of a variety of drug interactions. Most interactions but not all—increase the risk of bleeding, and the majority of these are linked to higher international normalised ratios. The good news for doctors is that most common drug interactions with warfarin are triggered by a small number of well-known drug classes, and their effects are shown through a small number of pathways, many of which are clear. The risk of harm brought on by drug interactions can be decreased by being aware of these guidelines, using thoughtful prescription practises, and exercising judicious monitoring when new medications are added to regimens containing warfarin.

Presently, Gulf Cooperation Council countries are lagging in the generation of real-world data and use of real-world evidence for patient-centered care compared with the global average. In a collaborative effort, experts from multiple domains of the healthcare environment from the Gulf Cooperation Council countries came together to present their views and recommended key action points for the generation of robust real-world data and leveraging real-world evidence in the countries. The opinions of the experts are presented, along with existing barriers to the effective generation of real-world evidence in the countries. The Gulf Cooperation Council countries are undergoing transformative changes paving the way for improved healthcare measures; however, the challenges in generating reliable, robust, accessible, and secure real-world evidence are persistent. Hence, ongoing public-private engagements, as well as collaborations between regulators, policymakers, healthcare professionals, insurance and pharmaceutical companies, and patients, are warranted. A few notable examples of real-world evidence studies highlighting the benefits of real-world evidence for gaining valuable insights into patient-centric decision making are also discussed. The actionable steps identified for successful real-world evidence generation would provide long-term, real-world evidence-based patient-centric benefits for the countries.

The current study aimed to reveal the evaluation of the level of liver function in infected with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, Blood samples were collected during the period from the beginning of August 2021 until the month of April 2022. The separated sera were kept at -20 degrees until use. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent adsorption (ELISA) technique was used to detect dysentery amoeba infection. ALP, ALT, AST concentrations were measured using Spectophotomertric method. In the current study, 250 samples were taken, and the number of samples infected with the dysentery amoeba parasite was 120 samples with a percentage of 48%, and the infection rate for sex was 85 samples infected with males by 59%, and about 35 samples were infected with 33% of females.The results of the current study showed a significant P≤0.05 increase in the levels of (GPT 4.464±54.214), , ALP 0.5542±6.7440 when compared with control group (7.14 ± 39.340 ) and 0.5699 ± 5.8061) There was an increase in the levels of (ALT 4.409±46.35), AST 7.19±62.44, ALP 0.42386±6.4563) when compared with control group (7.14±39.340, 9.75±54.16, 0.5699±5.8061 respectively.

The current study aimed to reveal the evaluation of the level of some immune chemokines and liver function in infected with the parasite Entamoeba Histolytica. , Blood samples were collected during the period from the beginning of August 2021 until the month of April 2022. The separated sera were kept at -20 temperature until use. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent adsorption (ELISA) technique was used to detect dysentery amoeba infection. CCR2 and CCL2 levels were measured using ELISA technique, while ALP, ALT, AST and TSP were measured using Spectophotomertric method. In the current study, 250 samples were taken, and the number of samples infected with the dysentery amoeba parasite was 120 samples, at a rate of 48%, The results of the current study showed a significant increase of P≤0.05, as it was found that there were significant differences in the group with diarrhea only without the presence of the dysentery amoeba parasite, where there was an increase in the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and globulin compared to the control group. It was also found that there were no significant differences in AST levels between the group infected with the dysentery amoeba parasite compared to the control group.

The aim of the current research is to measure the effectiveness of a unit formulated according to the strategy of climbing the plateau to develop the historical comprehension skills of first-year secondary students. Two groups, one experimental, numbering (18), and the other controlling (18), and the problem of the current research was determined in the weakness of historical understanding skills. ) between the average scores of the students of the two research groups in the post-application of the historical comprehension test in favor of the experimental group, the adjusted “Blake” gain ratio was acceptable, and the program’s impact is generally high, meaning that the program is effective in developing historical understanding skills, and based on the research results recommended The researcher needs to reformulate and organize the units of the history curriculum in the secondary stage according to the strategy of climbing the plateau, and to include the content of the history curricula at the secondary stage with the skills of historical understanding, and to hold training programs for Teach history while serving in secondary school; In order to provide them with the skills and competencies necessary to successfully use the plateau climbing strategy in teaching.

Honey Home Company specializes in providing high-quality honey; however, the company is experiencing numerous difficulties in monitoring the business changes; thus, implementing an ERP system might adjust these issues. This study aims to identify the ERP system's requirements to fulfill the company's needs, design and implement the system, and highlight the benefits of implementing the system in the business. A qualitative method of interviewing the system's users and providing a survey questionnaire was utilized to analyze the impacts of implementing an ERP System on the business. The findings indicate that Honey Home Company benefited from the ERP System regarding time savings, information quality, service quality, user satisfaction, and staff performance.

In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of the ethanol extract of the aerial parts of Lepidium spinosum Ard., which is distributed in many regions of the world, were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were dried, powdered and extracted with ethanol. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of the plant extract were determined using Rel Assay Diagnostics kits. Antimicrobial activities of the plant extract were determined against standard bacterial and fungal strains by agar dilution method. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the plant extract was determined as 4.550±0.132, the TOS value as 12.610±0.221, and the OSI value as 0.277±0.007. In addition, it has been found to be effective at 25-200 µg/mL against standard bacterial strains and 100-200 µg/mL concentrations against fungal strains. As a result, it was determined that L. spinosum used in our study could be a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial source. In this context, it is thought that natural material may be used in pharmacological designs.

Background Diet and physical activity (PA) are the two most important behaviors to control energy balance after bariatric surgery, post-bariatric patients need dual behavioral management, and these behaviors are jointly affected by various cognitive factors. This study applied compensatory carry-over action model (CCAM) to investigate the effects of cognitive factors on behaviors, and the effects of behaviors on subjective health outcomes. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients at the third month after bariatric surgery in China. We collected patients’ data of status of diet and PA, behavioral cognitive factors (intention, self-efficacy, compensatory belief, transfer cognition), and subjective health outcomes (perceived stress, well-being, quality of life). Structural equation model (SEM) were established to test the hypotheses in CCAM and the mediation relationships. Results A total of 239 patients data were collected. The results of SEM analysis showed: (1) Among the antecedent cognitive factors, only compensatory belief had a significant effect on diet (PPP=0.004), diet demonstrated significant effects on all subjective health outcomes (PConclusion Among the antecedent cognitions, the carry-over effect of transfer cognition did not directly affect the behaviors, and interventions should mainly focus on improventment of diet through inhibition of compensatory belief. The associations between behaviors and subjective health outcomes showed that diet exerted more critical effects on the overall health than PA. Overall, based on the analysis of CCAM and from the perspective of joint promotion of behaviors after bariatric surgery, dietary intervention had a higher priority than PA intervention.

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury that occurs during the antenatal, perinatal, or early postnatal period is a significant diagnostic issue in both term and prematurely born neonates. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been more widely available in recent years. Using databases such as PubMed and Embase, we searched the literature for all published publications in our field through until the end of 2022. As a result, he can assist medics in identifying whether the newborn's brain damage is to blame for its clinical condition, as well as contribute to determining the infant's future development prognosis. The goal of this study is to give current understanding of various forms of hypoxic-ischemic brain lesions based on our personal experience and MR pictures from the Institute of Mother and Child's Department of Diagnostic Imaging archives.

Background: : Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) is one of the preventable and avoidable public health problems that affect a significant portion of school-aged children and cause a lot of predominant physical and intellectual health challenges. Despite the significant public health importance attached to IPIs, but they remain neglected and this neglect happens due to the fact that most affected people belonging to the poorest communities who have little political voice and this coupled with the nature of the infection, as IPIs do not cause fearsome outbreaks to call emergency public response. Aims: This research aimed at assessing the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) among the children of Geidam Central primary school Yobe state, Nigeria. Study Design: A cross-sectional research method was used. Place and Duration of Study: Laboratory department, Yobe State Specialist Hospital (YSSH) Geidam, and the study was conducted within 3 months. Methodology: A total number of 36 children were randomly collected from primary 1-6 children, and six (6) children were selected from each class. The stool samples were taken to YSSH, Geidam for microscopic examination. The samples were fixed in formalin for 30 minutes and then about 5 grams of the stool were mix thoroughly in the 10% formalin & filtered. The centrifuge was used to read for 2 minutes at 2500 RPM and then discarded the supernatant and leave 1.5 mL of the sediment which eventually formed 4 layers, then 3 layers were decanted carefully and the sediments was left in the test tube and make the smears in saline and iodine wet preparation and then presence of ova or cyst of IPIs were examined under the aid of microscope. The Data were analyzed using SPSS and presented in tables and figures while showing infection’s frequency and percentage. Results: Out of the 36 children that were examined for the prevalence of IPIs in Geidam central primary school, 19 (52.65%) children were infected with different sorts of IPIs.The identified IPIs were A. lumbricoides, Hookworm, Giardia, S. stercoralis, T. trichiura, and Enterobius vermicularis (16.63%, 13.86%, 5.54%, 8.31%, 5.54%, and 2.77%). Of the 36 selected children, males maintain a high prevalence of IPIs with a total percentage of 36.11% and females hold a lower prevalence of infection (16.66%). Regarding the age group, the highest prevalence shown in children aged 10-12 years (class 4-6) with prevalence parentage of (33.33%), while their counterparts aged 6-9 years hold a lower prevalence with (19.44%) percentage. Concerning the prevalence according class-, class 1 has 5.5%, class2 has 8.33%, class3 also has 5.55%, in contrast higher prevalence were detected in class 4, class 5 and class6 with percentage of (13.88%,11.11%, and 8.33%), respectively. Conclusions: This research study has established that there is a prevalence of IPIs among children of Geidam central primary school. This may have a connection with different potential risk factors such as walking barefoot, poor personal hygiene, inadequate environmental sanitation, lack of portable drinking water, open defection, improper latrine utilization and other several factors.

Understanding the epidemiology of canine parasitic infections, gastrointestinal helminthic infections in particular, is crucial for designing an efficient control programs targeted at minimizing the risks of zoonotic transmission. A total of 470 dogs attending veterinary clinics in Northeastern Nigeria were screened for gastrointestinal helminths using standard parasitological techniques. Epidemiological risk factors associated with the canine parasitic infections were assessed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. In total, 77.9% (366/470) of dogs had harboured one or more species of the gastrointestinal helminths: Ancylostoma caninum (40.2%), Toxocara canis (35.1%) Trichuris vulpis (26.6%), Spirocerca lupi (5.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus (12.3%), Dipylidium caninum (10.9%) and Diphyllobothriid ova (2.8%). Female dogs (OR=2.1; p=0.02), local breeds (OR=2.3; p0.01), younger dogs (OR=3.2; p0.001), dogs adopted as security guards (OR=1.8; p0.01) and poor body condition score (OR=3.1; p0.001) were strongly associated with A. caninum infection. For T. canis and T. vulpis, younger dogs (OR=2.5; p=0.02 and OR=2.3; p0.01) and poor body condition score (OR=4.2; p0.001 and OR=2.2; p0.01) were the strong predictors for infection, whereas female dogs (OR=2.8; p=0.02), younger dogs (OR=4.1; p0.001) and poor body condition score (OR=4.0; p0.001) were strongly associated with D. caninum infection in dogs. The results revealed high prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths-some of which have zoonotic potential-among dogs underlying huge public health risk.

In a deep gas wells drilling project, due to surface location limitations, predetermined target, and completion requirements, an S shape well profile is required. The well type is one of the most challenging due to the extended tangent section, increasing the risk of differential sticking, hole cleaning, extended reaming while tripping, and losses risk from the fracture-prone formation. An aggressive target at the outmost reservoir boundary is determined, requiring delivery of the furthest step-out S shape well, demanding more advanced technology and rigorous well planning.Comprehensive well planning and strategy, utilizing cutting-edge technology to achieve the furthest step-out S shape well. –Thorough offset wells analysis, identifying best drilling practices for the most critical S shape directional section.–Modified S shape well design, dividing two directional sections to enable reaching desired reservoir target.–Latest generation of RSS technology with a more robust system and improved tool reliability, enabling the achievement of required DLS in high drilling dynamic conditions.–Optimized BHA design, improved drilling fluid design, and LCM strategy, enabling the achievement of maximum drilling parameters while minimizing differential sticking and losses risk.–Specific casing and light cementing design strategy in the extensive S shape section allowing the casing to reach the bottom smoothly and avoid losses risk while cementing due to higher ECD.High drilling performance was achieved within the S shape well type in the field with no downhole tool failure nor drilling complexity and meeting desired well trajectory. High losses risk in the section and differential sticking was avoided, ensuring close adherence to drilling fluid parameters with bridge and seal strategy while drilling. The determined reservoir target was successfully reached with a total horizontal displacement of 3,140 ft (~1 km), resulting in the longest step-out S shape well in the deep gas well project.No wiper trip was required prior to running casing following best drilling practices and drilling fluid design and strategy prior to POOH the BHA. The casing string was able to run smoothly in the field's longest open hole section, with less than maximum rig hoisting capacity, following low drag friction factor to the casing point. The cementing job was performed using a real-time top of cement identifier and was further performed successfully without inducing any losses using a light slurry strategy and met the objective to seal off the reservoir formation.The novel holistic strategy encompasses cutting-edge technology utilization, Innovative well construction design, optimized BHA and drilling strategy, drilling fluid strategy, and specific measures in the casing and cementing design and execution, resulting in successfully delivering the longest step-out S Shape well in a deep gas drilling project. Collaboration from a team consisting of multi-technical expertise is also crucial to efficiently design and execute the work, leading to successful well delivery.

Plants have been used for many purposes in different communities. Plants used in alternative medicine since ancient times have been the main material in the treatment of many diseases. In this context, it is very important to determine the biological potential of plants. In our study, total antioxidant status, total oxidant status, oxidative stress index and DPPH free radical scavenging activity of Euphorbia eriophora Boiss. were determined. The aerial parts of the plant were extracted with ethanol in a Soxhlet device. TAS, TOS and OSI values of the plant extract were determined using Rel Assay kits. In addition, the free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was measured by the DPPH method. As a result of the studies, the TAS value of the plant extract was 5.390±0.227, the TOS value was 20.971±0.348, and the OSI value was 0.390±0.014. The DPPH activity of the plant extract was determined to have an inhibition value of 68.721±1.694% at 2 mg/mL concentration. As a result, in our study, it was determined that E. eriophora has antioxidant potential and can be used as a natural antioxidant agent in this context.

Several aspects are involved in the success of an endodontic therapy. Because root canal treatment is so complicated, it can't be evaluated using two-dimensional radiographs. Endodontic failure can occur if any section of the canal is overlooked and left untreated. The root canals of the first and second molars are the most complicated of all the maxillary teeth. Locating the mesio buccal (mb2) canal in the maxillary teeth for endodontic treatment is difficult. The mb2 canals are located utilizing three-dimensional technology and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The primary goal of this research is to conduct a systematic evaluation of publications that have reported on the occurrence of mb2 canal in maxillary first molars. Many studies in Saudi Arabia have found that the incidence of mb2 in maxillary first molars ranges from 23.3 percent to 70.6 percent, and that the incidence in maxillary second molars is about 19.8%. A few studies also found that direct viewing of the root, followed by troughing, was used to find an mb2 canal that was not visible on a CBCT scan.

High altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE) is a severe form of high-altitude disease that, if left untreated, can result in death in up to half of those who are affected. Lowlanders who rapidly go to elevations more than 2500-3000 m are more likely to develop high altitude pulmonary Edema (HAPE). Individual sensitivity owing to a low hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR), quick pace of climb, male sex, usage of sleep medicine, high salt consumption, chilly ambient temperature, and intense physical effort are all risk factors. HAPE may be totally and quickly reversed if caught early and correctly treated. Slow climb is the most effective technique of prevention. A fall of at least 1000 meters, is the best and most certain treatment choice in HAPE. Supplemental oxygen, portable hyperbaric chambers, and pulmonary vasodilator medications (nifedipine and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors) may be beneficial. In this article we’ll be looking at the disease etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis and management.

Background: Alpha-1 antitrypsin is an important protein produced by the liver, and deficiency in this protein will cause many liver diseases. A deficiency in this protein can cause congenital emphysema, characterized by damaged and stretched air sacs of the lungs. To our knowledge, limited studies have been performed on liver disease prevalence among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis of existing clinical records and aimed at determining the prevalence and association of liver diseases among COPD patients from 2016 to 2020. A total of 1579 clinical records were collected. In this study we analyzed one hundred fifty-five records. Results: Senior patients who were aged 65 or older represented most patients (61.29%). In addition, 81% of the selected COPD patients were diagnosed with cirrhosis, while only one patient was diagnosed with fibrosis. Senior COPD patients aged 65 years or older were more likely to be diagnosed clinically with any type of liver disease (61.75%) than those from younger age groups. Conclusions: Screening and expression tests for patients showing liver and lung diseases are the procedures to determine whether symptoms are due to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency. However, this is challenging in patients with COPD.

The glucose tolerance test can be performed in a variety of situations. To evaluate a person's capacity to manage a glucose load, a glucose tolerance test is utilised. The test can determine whether or not a person can metabolise a specific amount of glucose. and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) has been the standard method for detecting prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes causes anomalies in glucose, lipid, and protein metabolism due to insulin's ineffective action on target tissues, so health care providers making this test to determine a person's ability to handle a glucose load. In this article we will be looking at the testing procedures, normal and abnormal results and primary heath care role's to improve the results and treatmentof prediabetics .

The study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiological of toxoplasma gondii in local cows in Salah Adeen, and its effect to renal and liver function. One hundred twenty six sample of serum were collected from cows n different cows farm in Salah Adeen, include Samarra (60 sample), Al-Mutasim (28 sample), Baled (23 sample) and Aldejil (15 sample), from the period between July 2019 until February 2020. The study include detection of serum anti T. gondii IgG antibody by using ELISA Toxoplasma IgG kit, and also determination of serum liver enzymes activity which include (Transaminases enzymes: aspartate transaminase-AST and alanine transaminase-ALT) and also the concentration of serum total protein-TP, albumin, globulin, urea and creatinine. The results indicate that the total percentage for the prevalence of T.gondii between cows in Saleh Eldean was 51.58%, distributed according to the region (68.33% in Samarra, 50% in Al-Mutasim, 26.08% in Baled and 26.66 in Aldejil). While the total percentage for infection with the parasite according to the gender of animals were 58.33% (28 from 48) in male animal and 47.43% (37from 78) in female animal. The results also showed that the level of TP, Albumin, globulin were significantly higher P≤0.05 in sera of infected animals, and also the activity of liver enzymes (AST and ALT) were significantly higher P≤0.05 in sera of infected animals with T.gondii with no significant difference in the level of urea and creatinine in sera of infected group as compared with non-infected group as control group. From all the above results we can conclude that the prevalence of T. gondii was high among animal under investigation, and this infection may be effect to the physiological function especially liver function.

It is estimated that by the year 2030, the cumulative of Electric Vehicles (EVs) will reach 85 million. Once EV batteries degraded to 70–80% of their initial capacity, EV owners will have to replace the EV’s batteries as the residual capacity becomes insufficient for automotive use. As a result, more batteries will be discarded from EVs. These batteries could be re-purposed in other applications, where they are known as the EV Second Life Batteries (SLB). In this paper, several projects and research works are reviewed to understand the up-to-date state-of-the-art related to SLB. The technical feasibility, economics, and environmental impact of using SLB are investigated. Different applications of SLB, as well as the assessment and testing required before re-purposing EV batteries, are presented. Some of the existing projects related to SLB, such as the studies done in many countries, batteries' types, applications, and scope of the study, have been summarised. It was found that utilising SLB addresses not only an environmental concern with regards to the discarded batteries but also provides an excellent opportunity to generate revenue if assessed and used optimally. Nevertheless, some challenges do exist, such as the lack of standardised assessment and lack of reliable information due to the low number of studies related to SLB. Further studies of SLB, which could help understand the feasibility and economics of using them and standardising their assessment, are recommended.

Taj al-Din al-Subki -may Allah have mercy on him- wrote a summary at Usul al-Fiqh, collecting a summary of his explanations and what he had memorized of this science, So he put it in a book called “Jama' Aljawama' at Usul al-Fiqh” and its virtue was well-known among scholars, So they worked with it as a teaching, memorization, explanation, and organization, Shams Al-Din Al-Eizari, may Allah have mercy on him, set out for objection and discussion. Raised scientific research in various fields (Fiqh, theology, logic, and linguistics), And every knowledge of these were present, The first of these was the science of rhetoric, the occasion, and the rules of reply and answer, Observe humility to the truth and display morals. . The truth of this research lies in the fact that it is taking a side of rhetoric, It shows the relationship between the preamble opening of a phrase (verb or noun) And the relationship of that to success in completing the blessing of authorship. The objection was made to Imam Taj al-Din al-Subki - may Allah have mercy on him - in opening the preamble with a verb phrase, not the noun phrase, Therefore, according to the opinion of the objector, it is necessary for him to leave the many preponderances that characterize the noun the phrase, Specially since the Holy Qur’an has mentioned praise in the noun the phrase, which indicates permanence and permanence, and that verb phrase indicates the occurrence and renewal, But this indication of the two sentences is not based on its launch, Each of them may be subject to probabilities, presumptions, and conditions, What makes each sentence perform a purpose that is more than its original meaning, And he makes the verb phrase in these cases more appropriate and more appropriate to the meaning of stability and continuity than the noun phrase, In addition to a note, the blessing of authorship is renewed after it was not, It fits with the verb phrase coming that indicates renewal and occurrence.

تم التحضير والتشخيص الطيفي لمجموعة من المعقدات الفلزية (II) المستندة إلى ليكاند الدايثايوكاربميت واستخدام الليكاند كقانص للعناصر الثقيلة في الانظمة البيئية. تم تحضير الليكاند من تفاعل2,2'-((ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl)) bis (methylene) diphenol مع CS2 بوجود قاعدة KOH والايثانول مذيبا. تكونت المعقدات الحلقية من تفاعل كلوريدات المعادن المناسبة مع الليكاند في وسط الإيثانول. حيث تم تحديد الشكل الفراغي للمعقدات المتكونة حول المراكز الايونية باستخدام مجموعة من التقنيات الطيفية والفيزيائية ومن هذه التقنيات: FTIR، Uv-Vis ، مطيافية Mass spect، مطيافية الرنين النووي المغناطيسي 13C,1H-NMR, الحساسية المغناطيسية, درجة الانصهار والتوصيلية. اذ كشفت هذه البيانات الطيفية والتحليلية ان ايونات الحديد والكوبالت والزنك قد اخذت الشكل رباعي السطوح اما بالنسبة لمعقدات المنغنيز والنيكل والنحاس اخذت الشكل ثماني السطوح, وتم استخدام هذا الليكاند المحضر في ازالة العناصر الثقيلة المسببة للتلوث في المياه.

Egypt faces many environmental problems. The increase in the urban population has led to an increase in the number of housing units, which changes the urban climate, or what is known as the phenomenon of the thermal urban thermal island, which is one of the biggest urban environmental problems facing the world in recent times and what followed from the steady consumption of energy, pollution and shortage resources and lack of quality of life. Hence the role of environmental sustainability and what it offers as solutions to some of these problems. Since the wind element is one of the important elements in improving the efficiency and quality of the built environment, reducing energy and thermal comfort. The main objective of the research is to focus on the importance of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation programs in improving the efficiency of urban settlement performance by studying natural ventilation for human health and thermal comfort, especially in the coastal communities that suffer from thermal comfort problems as an aid to planners And architects in urban planning and design to reach planning and design decisions and strategies in line with environmental sustainability standards. To achieve the main objective of the research, the importance of simulation programs was addressed to reach procedures and recommendations prepared to achieve sustainability and thermal comfort, the CFD model and related software treatments were applied and integrated as a small-scale wind assessment system through a number of stages, including program inputs from climatic elements and urban formation to be evaluated With the aim of guiding decision makers when designing and planning any urban assembly in order to achieve sustainable urban development.

The study aimed to measure Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) and fear level towards COVID-19 and explore its cross-cultural variances in knowledge by sociodemographic factors among the general population of 8 different countries over 5 continents. It was a cross-sectional online survey. This survey was conducted in April 2020 among 1296 participants using the “Google Form” platform. Considering the social distancing formula and pandemic situation, we collect data using popular social media networks. Univariate and bivariate analyses were used to explore the collected data on KAP, fear, and sociodemographic factors. Overall knowledge score was 9.7 ± 1.7 (out of 12), and gender differences (female vs male: 9.8 ± 1.6 vs 9.5 ± 1.9) were significant (p = 0.008) in the bivariate analysis. Knowledge score variances were found significant in some regions by gender, marital status, and education qualification. The highest and lowest mean knowledge scores were recorded in the Middle East (10.0 ± 1.7) and Europe (9.3 ± 2.0). Despite having a high fear score (22.5 ± 5.6 out of 35), 78.35% of respondents were positively and 81.7% in a good practice level. Fear score rankings: Middle East (1st; 23.8 ± 5.5), Europe (2nd; 23.2 ± 5.8), Africa (3rd; 22.7 ± 5.0), South Asia (4th; 22.1 ± 5.7), Oceania (5th; 21.9 ± 5.8), and North America (6th; 21.7 ± 5.5). Fear and knowledge were not correlated. KAP and fear variation exist among geographical regions. Gender, marital status, and education qualification are factors in knowledge variances for some regions. KAP and fear measures can help health education programs consider some sociodemographic factors and regions during an outbreak of highly contagious disease and uplift a positive attitude and good practice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-021-00638-4.

Many etiological hypotheses have been suggested to explain the development of peptic ulcers during the last 300 years (including gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer). In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of peptic ulcer disease, particularly with regard to the involvement of Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs). This study will attempt to review literature on etiology and management of gastric and duodenal ulcers among adolescents.

Background: It is necessary to keep tracks of blood and fluid treatment during admission patient in intensive care unit Patient may have signs of hypovolemic but fluid administration is not always beneficial, we are in need of bedside devices and techniques which can predict fluid responsiveness effectively and safely. The pleth variability indices (PVI) allow noninvasive assessment of fluid management. It is based on respiratory changes in arterial pulse pressure. PVI reflect vascular tone, circulating blood volume and intra thoracic pressure. Objective: To compare between PVI and CVP (central venous pressure) as effective measures to manage of fluid loading in monitorization in I.C.U. Patients and Methods: This study was carried out at King Khaled Hospital between June 2017 and October 2018 on 200 randomized patients dividing into two equal groups: Group (I) measuring fluid by CVP, and Group (II) measuring fluid by Masimo to assess fluid management therapy. Results: In comparison of fluid management in I.C.U, the amount of fluid replacement was 3500 ± 1980.2 in group (I), and 1913 ± 540 in group (II). There was no significant difference between the two groups in red blood cells transfusion or hemoglobin level. Conclusion: Masimo can be used as bedside non-invasive technique to measure fluid responsiveness in operating room and intensive care unit without complication, and more reliable than some invasive technique in guiding fluid therapy.

Background: Refractive errors are the most common cause of visual impairment worldwide. Proportion of age group is varied among societies and they are considered as a public health challenge and common presentations in general practice in eye clinics. Understanding the associations between age and types of presentation of refractive errors in children and young adults 0-30 years, will aid early identification, diagnosis, referral and treatment. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the associations between age and types of presentation of refractive errors in children and young adults, 0-30 years. Methodology: A cross-sectional study of 1,500 out-patients aged from 0–30 years attending ophthalmology clinic in Sanaa, Yemen (between 2012-2015) were included in the study. All patients underwent visual acuity examination, auto-refractometer, anterior and posterior segment examination, and were grouped according to age and type, i.e., myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated to evaluate the association between age and types of presentation of refractive errors. Results: Hyperopia was the most common single diagnosis (53.3%) followed by myopia (33.3%). Astigmatism was uncommon as a single diagnosis (13.4%) but commonly associated with hyperopia or myopia. Myopia was more common in males (42.9%), than females (25%). Hyperopia was more in females (62.5%) than males (42.9%). Age groups most affected by refractive errors were 13-18 years (27.7%), 19-24 years (24.8%) and 25-30 years (24.6%) respectively. Conclusions: This study highlights the close associations between age and types of presentation of refractive error. Early identification and proper categorization of refractive errors by age, gender, and other demographics by general physicians in primary care can better deduce and make useful referrals to eye specialists. Keywords: Association, age, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, Yemen

Rapid identification of COVID-19 can assist in making decisions for effective treatment and epidemic prevention. The PCR-based test is expert-dependent, is time-consuming, and has limited sensitivity. By inspecting Chest R-ray (CXR) images, COVID-19, pneumonia, and other lung infections can be detected in real time. The current, state-of-the-art literature suggests that deep learning (DL) is highly advantageous in automatic disease classification utilizing the CXR images. The goal of this study is to develop models by employing DL models for identifying COVID-19 and other lung disorders more efficiently. For this study, a dataset of 18,564 CXR images with seven disease categories was created from multiple publicly available sources. Four DL architectures including the proposed CNN model and pretrained VGG-16, VGG-19, and Inception-v3 models were applied to identify healthy and six lung diseases (fibrosis, lung opacity, viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, COVID-19, and tuberculosis). Accuracy, precision, recall, f1 score, area under the curve (AUC), and testing time were used to evaluate the performance of these four models. The results demonstrated that the proposed CNN model outperformed all other DL models employed for a seven-class classification with an accuracy of 93.15% and average values for precision, recall, f1-score, and AUC of 0.9343, 0.9443, 0.9386, and 0.9939. The CNN model equally performed well when other multiclass classifications including normal and COVID-19 as the common classes were considered, yielding accuracy values of 98%, 97.49%, 97.81%, 96%, and 96.75% for two, three, four, five, and six classes, respectively. The proposed model can also identify COVID-19 with shorter training and testing times compared to other transfer learning models.

Lateral loads (e.g., wind and earthquake loads) lead to shear forces as well as the axial loads and moments on the structural members. Although reinforced concrete (RC) columns are commonly assumed as slender members and are not expected to represent shear dominant response characteristics, experimental studies have shown that even slender columns have shear responses. Hence, in seismic design, the shear strength of columns must be accurately predicted to prevent shear failure of columns. Validation of Requirements for Design and Construction of RC structures (TS500) for shear strength calculation of RC columns by a broad range of test data has been neglected in the literature. In this study, 57 test results of rectangular RC columns were collected from available laboratory tests to verify the shear strength calculation approach in TS500. Additionally, a statistical comparison of results obtained from TS500 with Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI318-19) has been studied in this study. Maximum shear strength of RC columns obtained from the previously studied test data was compared with shear strengths calculated according to TS 500 as well as with the results obtained from ACI318-19. Comparisons are scrutinized in terms of shear-span-to-depth ratios, reinforcing ratios, material properties, and stirrup spacing as well as axial load ratios applied on top of the columns. Investigation of existing design equations reveals a significant difference in prediction. This study will be extended by adding further test results from the literature to provide crucial comments about the shear strength calculation of RC columns in TS500.

In poultry breeding program the success of artificial insemination (AI) is highly influenced by the quality of semen. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the variations in semen characteristics of three phenotypes of chicken of the same specie raised in Akko, Nigeria. A total of 9 cocks from threedifferent phenotypes; Red feathered (n = 3), White feathered (n = 3) and Black feathered (n =3). The semen was evaluated for macroscopic (i.e. semen volume and colour) and microscopic (i.e. sperm concentration, motility and morphology) criteria after being collected by abdominal massage method. There were phenotypes variation (P > 0.05)effects on semen motility, number of live/dead sperm and sperm abnormalities. No differences(P>0.05) were observed on volume, colour, concentration, mass motility and pH of semen. The observed sperm progressive motility was ranged from 90.5 ±1.21% to 95.09±0.82%. The White feathered strain had the highest sperm progressive motility (P

A cross sectional study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and identify possible risk factors (season, sex) of Schistosoma in three north-eastern districts of Bangladesh namely Mymensingh, Sunamganj, Kishoreganj. Mesenteric sample of cattle from different slaughter houses were collected and examined for helminths which were identified as Schistosoma on accordance with Soulbsy, 1965. Total 67 (55.83%) out of 120 randomly selected samples were found positive for schistosomiasis. Cattle of Kishoreganj were mostly infected (67.50%), followed by Sunamganj (55.00%) and Mymensingh (45.00%). Regarding seasonal prevalence, samples collected during winter (63.33%) were more infected than summer (48.33%). Moreover, 58.69% of male and 46.42% of female were found infected. In conclusion, relatively high prevalence was recorded in the study areas based on the results obtained. Hence, control measures against schistosomiasis must be designed. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.8(1): 165-169, April 2021